{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:09:26Z","timestamp":1778735366786,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences","award":["506.514.05.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["506.514.05.00"]}]},{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences","award":["506.514.05.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["506.514.05.00"]}]},{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences","award":["506.514.05.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["506.514.05.00"]}]},{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences","award":["506.514.05.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["506.514.05.00"]}]},{"name":"Young Researcher Program of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences","award":["506.514.05.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["506.514.05.00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The seroprevalence of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in domestic cats, dogs and rabbits was evaluated. Samples from cats and dogs were collected from five veterinary practices from various parts of Poland - Poznan (wielkopolskie voivodeship), Przemysl (podkarpackie voivodeship), Kluczbork (opolskie voivodeship), Lublin (lubelskie voivodeship) and Deblin (lubelskie voivodeship). Moreover, the samples from rabbits were collected in Poznan. In total, serum samples from 193 cats, 204 dogs and 71 rabbits were randomly selected and tested for specific antibodies against <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> using a commercial ELISA test. Pathogen seroprevalence among cats and dogs was calculated at a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each sex and age category (up to 12 months, 1\u20133 years, 4\u20137 years and over 8 years) and compared with a chi-squared test. The highest seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> was noted in cats \u2212\u200949.74% (96\/193; 95% CI: 42.76\u201356.73). In dogs, it reached 28.92% (59\/204; 95% CI: 23.13\u201335.49). Only 1 rabbit (3-year-old male) was seropositive, and the seroprevalence in rabbits was 1.41% (1\/71; 95% CI: 0.25\u20137.56). A statistically significant correlation between seropositivity and age (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) was observed in cats and dogs. No statistically significant difference in seroprevalence concerning gender or location was found in cats and dogs. Our findings indicate that cat and dog serum samples had a high frequency of anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> antibodies, while rabbit serum samples had low frequency and that these species are exposed to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in Poland and develop humoral response due to infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-10055-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1673863363000},"page":"1753-1758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats, dogs and rabbits from Poland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4509-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Turlewicz-Podbielska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub J\u0119drzej","family":"Ruszkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Gogulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Pomorska-M\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10055_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arruda IF, Millar PR, Barbosa ADS, Abboud LCS, Dos Reis IC, Moreira ASDC, Guimar\u00e3es MPP, Amendoeira MRR (2021) Toxoplasma gondii in domiciled dogs and cats in urban areas of Brazil: risk factors and spatial distribution. Parasite 28:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2021049","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021049"},{"key":"10055_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11041105","volume":"11","author":"C Bie\u0144kowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bie\u0144kowski C, Aniszewska M, Kowalczyk M, Popielska J, Zawadka K, O\u0142dakowska A, Pokorska-\u015apiewak M (2022) Analysis of preventable risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: case-control study. J Clin Med 11:1105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11041105","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10055_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00054","volume":"6","author":"R Calero-Bernal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calero-Bernal R, Gennari SM (2019) Clinical toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats: an update. Front Vet Sci 6:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2019.00054","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10055_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.001","volume":"157","author":"S De Craeye","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Craeye S, Francart A, Chabauty J, De Vriendt V, Van Gucht S, Leroux I, Jongert E (2008) Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in belgian house cats. Vet Parasitol 157:128\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.001","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10055_CR5","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dubey JP (2010) Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans. CRC Press, Boca Raton"},{"key":"10055_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712461787","volume":"24","author":"P Jokelainen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jokelainen P, Simola O, Rantanen E, N\u00e4reaho A, Lohi H, Sukura A (2012) Feline toxoplasmosis in Finland: cross-sectional epidemiological study and case series study. J Vet Diagn 24:1115\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638712461787","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn"},{"key":"10055_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691","volume":"13","author":"P Kolbekova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kolbekova P, Kourbatova E, Novotna M, Kodym P, Flegr J (2007) New and old risk-factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection: prospective gross-sectional study among military personnel in the Czech Republic. Clin Microbiol Infect 13:1012\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10055_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2691.1","volume":"97","author":"AP Lopes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lopes AP, Santos H, Neto F, Rodrigues M, Kwok OC, Dubey JP, Cardoso L (2011) Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from northeastern Portugal. J Parasitol 97:418\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-2691.1","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"10055_CR9","first-page":"277","volume":"56","author":"MM Michalski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michalski MM, Platt-Samoraj A, Mikulska-Skupien E (2010) Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats in Olsztyn urban area, Poland. Wiad Parazytol 56:277\u2013279","journal-title":"Wiad Parazytol"},{"key":"10055_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.08.015","volume":"26","author":"G Miro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miro G, Montoya A, Jimenez S, Frisuelos C, Mateo M, Fuentes I (2004) Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm and household cats in Spain. Vet Parasitol 26:249\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.08.015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10055_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.04.020","volume":"204","author":"H Neumayerov\u00e1","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neumayerov\u00e1 H, Jur\u00e1nkov\u00e1 J, Jeklov\u00e1 E, Kudl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 H, Faldyna M, Kova\u0159\u010d\u00edk K, J\u00e1nov\u00e1 E, Koudela B (2014) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits from different farming systems. Vet Parasitol 204:184\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.04.020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10055_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/94675","volume":"3","author":"J Sroka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sroka J, Karamon J, Dutkiewicz J, W\u00f3jcik-Fatla A, Zaj\u0105c V, Cencek T (2018) Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats in southwestern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 3:576\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26444\/aaem\/94675","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"10055_CR13","first-page":"125","volume":"17","author":"J Sroka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sroka J, W\u00f3jcik-Fatla A, Szymanska J, Dutkiewicz J, Zaj\u0105c V, Zwoli\u0144ski J (2010) The occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people and animals from rural environment of Lublin region - estimate of potential role of water as a source of infection. Ann Agric Environ Med 17:125\u2013132","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"10055_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang S, Yao Z, Li L, Pan Y, Li P, Nan X, Xie Q, Zhang Z (2018) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi among domestic rabbits in central China. Parasite 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2018010","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018010"},{"key":"10055_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wanha K, Edelhofer R, Gabler-Eduardo C, Prosl H (2005) Prevalence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs and foxes in Austria. Vet Parasitol 128:189\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.027"},{"key":"10055_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-112","author":"JP Webster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Webster JP, Dubey JP (2010) Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans. Parasit Vectors 112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-112","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors 112"},{"key":"10055_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2534","volume":"20","author":"A Wo\u017aniak-Biel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wo\u017aniak-Biel A, Podolak A (2020) Comparison of Seroprevalence and PCR results in the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Pet rabbits in Poland. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 20:281\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2534","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-022-10055-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-022-10055-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-022-10055-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T11:12:36Z","timestamp":1694085156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11259-022-10055-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-022-10055-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-7380","1573-7446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7380","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the owners of the animals included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no animal ethics conflict. According to the Act on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes in Poland adopted on 15th January 2015 and according to earlier regulations (Act on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes in Poland adopted on 21th January 2005) the study described in this manuscript did not require the permission of the Local Ethical Commission for Investigations on Animals. The reported study is in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of Animal Ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}