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The present study aimed to generate an innovative, reproducible, and functional 3D scaffold-based model of the bovine endometrium structurally robust for long term-culture. We developed a multicellular model containing both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Epithelial cells organized to form a luminal-like epithelial layer on the surface of the scaffold. Stromal cells produced their own extracellular matrix forming a stable subepithelial compartment that physiologically resembles the normal endometrium. Both cell types released prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and prostaglandin F<jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub> following a treatment with oxytocin and arachidonic acid. Additionally signal pathways mediating oxytocin and arachidonic acid stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis were analyzed by real time PCR (RT-PCR). <jats:italic>Oxytocin receptor<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>OXTR<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>prostaglandin E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic> receptor 2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>EP2<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>prostaglandin E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic> receptor 4\u00a0<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>EP4<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>prostaglandin F receptor<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PTGFR<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>prostaglandin E synthase<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PTGES<\/jats:italic>), PGF-synthase (<jats:italic>PGFS<\/jats:italic>) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (<jats:italic>COX-2<\/jats:italic>) expression was detected in both control and treatment groups, however, only significant changes in abundance of <jats:italic>OXTR<\/jats:italic> mRNA transcripts were found. The results obtained by this study are a step forward in bovine in vitro culture technology. This 3D scaffold-based model provides a platform to study regulatory mechanisms involved in endometrial physiology and can set the basis for a broader tool for designing and testing novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent uterine pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-023-10130-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T05:02:21Z","timestamp":1683522141000},"page":"1721-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Generation of a novel three-dimensional scaffold-based model of the bovine endometrium"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"MC.","family":"D\u00edez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Przyborski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"del Cerro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Alonso-Guerv\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Iglesias-Cabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Carrocera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MA.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEB.2021.0062","volume":"28","author":"GHD Almeida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almeida GHD, Iglesia RP, Araujo MS, Carreira ACO, Santos EXD, Calomeno CVAQ, Miglino MA (2022) Uterine Tissue Engineering: Where We Stand and the Challenges Ahead. 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