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The animals presented increased body temperature, prostration, respiratory distress and despite treatment died. A necropsy following a standardized protocol was performed, and formalin-fixed tissues were processed for microscopic examination. Samples were screened for morbillivirus, herpesvirus, and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. by molecular analyses (PCR, RT-PCR). Bacteriological culture was performed in samples collected from the lungs, trachea, and lymph nodes of both cases. The main histopathologic findings were of infectious nature, including multifocal necrotizing and fibrinous mixed interstitial pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and bronchitis, with intralesional myriad bacteria associated with vascular fibrinoid necrosis. <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was isolated from tracheal and lung swabs of Case 1, and <jats:italic>Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:italic> was found in nostril swabs, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and lung of Case 2. Gammaherpesvirus infection was detected in both cases, and the sequences retrieved were classified into the genus <jats:italic>Percavirus<\/jats:italic>. All tested samples were PCR-negative for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. and morbillivirus. We hypothesize that the deficient immunological status in association with starvation predisposed the reactivation of herpesvirus and secondary bacterial co-infections. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of herpesvirus in an Antarctic pinniped. These findings reinforce that Otariid gammaherpesvirus circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are likely endemic in the <jats:italic>Arctocephalus<\/jats:italic> genus. This report contributes to the current knowledge of health aspects affecting wild pinnipeds, especially in the poorly studied Antarctic species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-024-10408-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T08:01:46Z","timestamp":1717228906000},"page":"2819-2826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bacterial septicemia and herpesvirus infection in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) stranded in the S\u00e3o Paulo coast, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Aricia","family":"Duarte-Benvenuto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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The collection and transportation of all samples was approved by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (SISBIO license 67766). The genetic analysis was approved by the National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge (SISGEN A49250C).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}