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Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nasal carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria with zoonotic potential in parrots suffering from respiratory illness. Nasal swabs were collected from 75 sick parrots with respiratory illness, and they were subjected to microbiological isolation and identification, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> were isolated with a prevalence rate of 36%, 32%, 26.7%, and 9.3%, respectively, while one isolate (1.3%) of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudointermedius<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus simulans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus sciuri<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> was identified. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> were investigated for ESBL genes, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> species for the <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>A gene, followed by SCC<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic> typing, and <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> for the <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic> genes. Regarding beta-lactamase-encoding genes, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> (97.6%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub> (48.8%), and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX\u2212M<\/jats:sub> (39%) gene families were detected, while <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub> was not found. Sequencing of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX\u2212M<\/jats:sub> in one strain of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> revealed <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX\u2212M\u221215<\/jats:sub>. The <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>A was determined in three <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and one <jats:italic>S. sciuri<\/jats:italic> strain, and the SCC<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic> typing of three MRSA isolates yielded type V, whereas type I in <jats:italic>S. sciuri<\/jats:italic>. Only the <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic> gene was recognized in the <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> strain. Moreover, 67.1% of bacterial isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. These findings highlight the potential role of parrots in the transmission of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria, which may pose a threat to human contacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-025-10752-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T06:57:34Z","timestamp":1746687454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Zoonotic relevance of multidrug-resistant bacteria in parrots with respiratory illness"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Samir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Mosallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Aboul-Ella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ojena","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hegab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Erian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fady","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Zaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10752_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13020078","volume":"13","author":"R Abbas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbas R, Chakkour M, Zein El Dine H, Obaseki EF, Obeid ST, Jezzini A, Ghssein G, Ezzeddine Z (2024) General overview of Klebsiella pneumonia: epidemiology and the role of siderophores in its pathogenicity. 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(2003)  was incorrect and should have been 'Ward MP, Ramer JC, Proudfoot J, Garner MM, Juan-Sall\u00e9s C, Wu CC (2003) Outbreak of salmonellosis in a zoologic collection of lori\u00adkeets and lories (Trichoglossus, Lorius, and Eos spp.) Avian Dis 47(2):493\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/0005-2086(2003)047[0493:OOSIAZ]2.0.CO;2'.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol of this study was approved by the ethical committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt (Vet CU 25122023804). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"194"}}