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Foot-and-mouth disease viral RNA was consistently detected in the palatine tonsils and lungs, demonstrating these as primary sites of viral persistence. Detection in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes and interdigital skin was less frequent, while oropharyngeal tissue showed rare positivity. Other sampled tissues - including the tip of the ear, eyelid, tongue, lip, and coronary band - proved suboptimal for identifying FMDV-positive buffalo or carriers. These findings highlight the value of BaseScope\u2122 for detecting low viral loads of FMDV in persistently infected African buffalo, with a notable predilection for the palatine tonsils and lungs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-025-10898-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1758614244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Demonstrating persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) using BaseScope\u2122 in situ hybridisation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3632-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alischa","family":"Henning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3949-7283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieza","family":"Odendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Loots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3352-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melvyn","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10898_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(02)01634-9","volume":"4","author":"S Alexandersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alexandersen S, Zhang Z, Donaldson AI (2002) Aspects of the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in animals-the carrier problem. 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The directorate of the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development also granted permission for the study to be performed under Section 20 of the Animal Diseases Act, 1984 (Act No. 35 of 1984) with reference: 12\/11\/1\/1\/5 (2127 LH).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"324"}}