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This review summarizes the classification, biogenesis, and molecular cargo of various types of EVs, such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, as well as their emerging roles in cellular communication, diagnostics, and therapeutics across a wide range of veterinary applications. Beyond mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs, EVs from immune cells, pathogens, and body fluids show great promise for tissue healing, immunological regulation, infectious disease management, drug delivery systems, vaccine development, and reproductive health. We critically evaluate recent advancements, limitations, and future possibilities in using EVs to improve diagnosis and treatment results in veterinary species. 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