{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:23:33Z","timestamp":1784075013191,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"FMV-ULus\u00f3fona\/I-MVET"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-025-10942-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T07:31:08Z","timestamp":1760772668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of a mouse-virulent recombinant type I\/III Toxoplasma gondii strain in liver cytology of an immunosuppressed cat infected with FeLV\u2013C subgroup"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Vilares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gargat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Belas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"10942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-3164.2005.00434.X","volume":"16","author":"P Anfray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anfray P, Bonetti C, Fabbrini F et al (2005) Feline cutaneous toxoplasmosis: a case report. Vet Dermatol 16:131\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-3164.2005.00434.X","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"10942_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb13119.x","volume":"84","author":"V Barrs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barrs V, Beatty J, Martin P (2006) Antemortem diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis in two cats on cyclosporin therapy. Aust Vet J 84:30\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb13119.x","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020302","volume":"13","author":"MJ Beall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beall MJ, Buch J, Clark G et al (2021) Feline leukemia virus p27 antigen concentration and proviral DNA load are associated with survival in naturally infected cats. Viruses 13(2):302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13020302","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S13073-018-0555-0\/TABLES\/1","volume":"10","author":"V Borges","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borges V, Pinheiro M, Pechirra P et al (2018) INSaFLU: an automated open web-based bioinformatics suite from-reads for influenza whole-genome-sequencing-based surveillance. Genome Med 10:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13073-018-0555-0\/TABLES\/1","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.06.008","volume":"228","author":"A Brennan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brennan A, Donahoe SL, Beatty JA et al (2016) Comparison of genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats from Australia with latent infection or clinical toxoplasmosis. Vet Parasitol 228:13\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.06.008","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Calero-Berna R, Gennari SM (2019) Clinical toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats: an update. Front Vet Sci 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FVETS.2019.00054","DOI":"10.3389\/FVETS.2019.00054"},{"key":"10942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.1.57","volume":"252","author":"C Caporali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caporali C, Albanese F, Vicari N et al (2018) Pathology in practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 252:57\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.252.1.57","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/529108","volume":"2012","author":"VJ Castillo-Morales","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castillo-Morales VJ, Acosta Viana KY, del Guzm\u00e1n-Mar\u00edn E S, et al (2012) Prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from the tropics of Mexico using serological and molecular tests. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2012:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/529108","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"key":"10942_CR9","first-page":"483","volume":"57","author":"TM Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen TM, Blois S, Vince AR (2016) Fatal extraintestinal toxoplasmosis in a young male cat with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Can Vet J 57:483","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17748718","volume":"20","author":"S Colombo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colombo S, Sartori R (2018) Ciclosporin and the cat: current understanding and review of clinical use. J Feline Med Surg 20:244\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612X17748718","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10942_CR11","first-page":"1486","volume":"143","author":"MG Davidson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Davidson MG, Rottman JB, English RV et al (1993) Feline immunodeficiency virus predisposes cats to acute generalized toxoplasmosis. Am J Pathol 143:1486\u20131497","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10942_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04691-2","author":"PM de Almeida","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Almeida PM, Belas A, Bragan\u00e7a M et al (2025) Prevalence and genetic characterization of feline leukemia virus in Portuguese stray cats. BMC Vet Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04691-2","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De la Garza-Salazar F, Cort\u00e9z-Hern\u00e1ndez CA, Decanini-Arcaute H, Camacho-Ortiz A (2018) Acute seronegative Toxoplasma gondii hepatitis allergic to First-Line treatment. Case Rep Infect Dis 2018:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1951936","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1951936"},{"key":"10942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.11.003","volume":"12","author":"A Duarte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duarte A, Castro I, da Fonseca IMP et al (2010) Survey of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray cats at the Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal. J Feline Med Surg 12:441\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.11.003","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097008949","volume":"115","author":"JP Dubey","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dubey JP (1997) Tissue cyst tropism in Toxoplasma gondii: a comparison of tissue cyst formation in organs of cats, and rodents fed oocysts. Parasitology 115:15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182097008949","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109145","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Cerqueira-C\u00e9zar CK, Murata FHA (2020) All about toxoplasmosis in cats: the last decade. Vet Parasitol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109145","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10942_CR17","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Lappin MR (2022) Toxoplasmosis. In: Sykes JE (ed) Greene\u2019s infectious diseases of the dog and Cat, 5th edn. Elsevier, St Louis, MO, pp 3785\u20133826"},{"key":"10942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Epstein ME (2020) Feline neuropathic pain. Vet Cli North Am Small Anim Pract 50:789\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.02.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.02.004"},{"key":"10942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12621","volume":"27","author":"NA Evans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evans NA, Walker JM, Manchester AC, Bach JF (2017) Acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock in a cat with disseminated toxoplasmosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 27:472\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vec.12621","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PATHOGENS13010007","volume":"13","author":"SA Fietz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fietz SA, Grochow T, Schares G et al (2023) Fulminant pneumonia due to reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis in a cat\u2014a case report. Pathogens 13(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PATHOGENS13010007","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1749-6632.1996.TB53546.X","volume":"791","author":"JK Frenkel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Frenkel JK, Parker BB (1996) An apparent role of dogs in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. The probable importance of xenosmophilia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 791:402\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1749-6632.1996.TB53546.X","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gargat\u00e9 MJ, Vilares A, Ferreira I (2022) Parallel propagation of Toxoplasma gondii in vivo, in vitro and in alternate model: towards less dependence on the mice model. Pathogens. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PATHOGENS11091038","DOI":"10.3390\/PATHOGENS11091038"},{"key":"10942_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061888","volume":"294","author":"ME Grigg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grigg ME, Bonnefoy S, Hehl AB (2001a) Success and virulence in Toxoplasma as the result of sexual recombination between two distinct ancestries. Science 294:161\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1061888","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1086\/322800","volume":"184","author":"ME Grigg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grigg ME, Ganatra J, Boothroyd JC, Margolis TP (2001b) Unusual abundance of atypical strains associated with human ocular toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis 184:633\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/322800","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae040","author":"P Gupta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gupta P, Hiller A, Chowdhury J et al (2024) A parasite odyssey: an RNA virus concealed in Toxoplasma gondii. Virus Evol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ve\/veae040","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"key":"10942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13489228","volume":"15","author":"K Hartmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hartmann K, Addie D, Bel\u00e1k S et al (2013) Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. J Feline Med Surg 15:631\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612X13489228","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hartmann K, Hofmann-Lehmann R (2020) What\u2019s new in feline leukemia virus infection.\u00a0Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract\u00a050:1013\u20131036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.05.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.05.006"},{"key":"10942_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hatam-Nahavandi K, Calero-Bernal R, Rahimi MT et al (2021) Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 11:1\u201311.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-89031-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89031-8"},{"key":"10942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002947","volume":"147","author":"SA Hosseini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hosseini SA, Amouei A, Sharif M (2019) Human toxoplasmosis: a systematic review for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in clinical samples. Epidemiol Infect 147:e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268818002947","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10942_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.9.1007","volume":"249","author":"HZ Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu HZ, Jeffery ND, Donnelly J et al (2016) What is your neurologic diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 249:1007\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.249.9.1007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10942_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04721-7","volume":"43","author":"M Joeres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joeres M, Maksimov P, H\u00f6per D et al (2024) Genotyping of European Toxoplasma gondii strains by a new high-resolution next-generation sequencing-based method. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 43:355\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-023-04721-7","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10942_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712461787","volume":"24","author":"P Jokelainen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jokelainen P, Simola O, Rantanen E et al (2012) Feline toxoplasmosis in Finland: cross-sectional epidemiological study and case series study. J Vet Diagn Invest 24:1115\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638712461787","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10942_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1989.tb03089.x","volume":"3","author":"MR Lappin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lappin MR, Greene CE, Winston S et al (1989) Clinical feline toxoplasmosis serologic diagnosis and therapeutic management of 15 cases. J Vet Intern Med 3(3):139\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1989.tb03089.x","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10942_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.4.351","volume":"76","author":"MR Lappin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lappin MR, VanLare KA, Seewald W et al (2015) Effect of oral administration of cyclosporine on Toxoplasma gondii infection status of cats. Am J Vet Res 76:351\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.76.4.351","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-3164.2004.00371.X","volume":"15","author":"RD Last","year":"2004","unstructured":"Last RD, Suzuki Y, Manning T et al (2004) A case of fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in a cat being treated with cyclosporin A for feline atopy. Vet Dermatol 15:194\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-3164.2004.00371.X","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"10942_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Little L, Shokek A, Dubey JP, Deheer HL (2005) Toxoplasma gondii-like organisms in skin aspirates from a Cat with disseminated protozoal infection. Vet Clin Pathol 34(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-165x.2005.tb00030.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165x.2005.tb00030.x"},{"key":"10942_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1020-3775","volume":"47","author":"F Lo Piccolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lo Piccolo F, Busch K, Pali\u0107 J et al (2019) Toxoplasma gondii-associated cholecystitis in a cat receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 47:453\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1020-3775","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"key":"10942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5640-6","volume":"116","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Gir\u00f3n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Gir\u00f3n R, Mart\u00ednez-Torre C, van Woerden HC (2017) The prevalence of protozoa in the gut of German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) with special reference to Lophomonas blattarum. Parasitol Res 116:3205\u20133210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-017-5640-6","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10942_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.03.012","volume":"24","author":"D Maubon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maubon D, Ajzenberg D, Brenier-Pinchart M-P et al (2008) What are the respective host and parasite contributions to toxoplasmosis? Trends Parasitol 24:299\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2008.03.012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10942_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16111","volume":"35","author":"M McKenna","year":"2021","unstructured":"McKenna M, Augusto M, Su\u00e1rez-Bonnet A, Fitzgerald E (2021) Pulmonary mass-like lesion caused by Toxoplasma gondii in a domestic shorthair cat. J Vet Intern Med 35:1547\u20131550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16111","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1176-3","volume":"13","author":"S Migliore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Migliore S, La Marca S, Stabile C et al (2017) A rare case of acute toxoplasmosis in a stray dog due to infection of T. gondii clonal type I: public health concern in urban settings with stray animals? BMC Vet Res 13:249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-017-1176-3","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10942_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1007\/S11259-024-10549-Z","volume":"48","author":"G Morganti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morganti G, Rigamonti G, Brustenga L (2024) Exploring similarities and differences between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in dogs. Vet Res Commun 48:3563\u20133577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11259-024-10549-Z","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"10942_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178203","volume":"12","author":"Y Murata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murata Y, Sugi T, Weiss LM, Kato K (2017) Identification of compounds that suppress Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites. PLoS ONE 12:e0178203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178203","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10942_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagel SS, Williams JH, Schoeman JP (2013) Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent Cat. J S Afr Vet Assoc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/jsava.v84i1.299. 84:","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v84i1.299"},{"key":"10942_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(88)90070-3","volume":"17","author":"GK Ogilvie","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ogilvie GK, Tompkins MB, Tompkins WAF (1988) Clinical and immunologic aspects of FeLV-induced immunosuppression. Vet Microbiol 17:287\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-1135(88)90070-3","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10942_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-5-683","volume":"44","author":"C-H Park","year":"2007","unstructured":"Park C-H, Ikadai H, Yoshida E et al (2007) Cutaneous toxoplasmosis in a female Japanese cat. Vet Pathol 44:683\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1354\/vp.44-5-683","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10942_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00948.x","volume":"5","author":"S Patton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Patton S, Legendre AM, McGavin, Pelletier D (1991) Concurrent infection with Toxoplasma gondii and feline leukemia virus: antibody response and oocyst production. J Vet Intern Med 5:199\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00948.x","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10942_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030638","volume":"11","author":"A Pawe\u0142czyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pawe\u0142czyk A, Bednarska M, Caraballo Cort\u00e9s K et al (2022) Seronegative infection with Toxoplasma gondii in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients and in blood donors. J Clin Med 11:638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030638","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10942_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612017025","volume":"26","author":"HF Pena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pena HF, de Evangelista J, Casagrande CM RA, et al (2017) Fatal toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed domestic Cat from Brazil caused by Toxoplasma gondii clonal type I. Revista Brasileira De Parasitol Vet 26:177\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612017025","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira De Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"10942_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pereira MA, N\u00f3brega C, Mateus TL et al (2023) An Antibody-Based survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora Caninum infection in Client-Owned cats from Portugal. Animals 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13142327","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142327"},{"key":"10942_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2024.100552","volume":"25","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Zhai B, Bai Y et al (2024) In vitro and in vivo activity evaluation and mode of action of Broxaldine on Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 25:100552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2024.100552","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"10942_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182024000106","volume":"151","author":"CP Rico-Torres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rico-Torres CP, Valenzuela-Moreno LF, Robles-Gonz\u00e1lez E et al (2024) Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic animals from Campeche, M\u00e9xico, reveals virulent genotypes and a recombinant ROP5 allele. Parasitology 151:363\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182024000106","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10942_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20551169221131266","author":"G Romito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Romito G, Fracassi F, Cipone M (2022) Transient myocardial thickening associated with acute myocardial injury and congestive heart failure in two Toxoplasma gondii-positive cats. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20551169221131266","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg Open Rep"},{"key":"10942_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salant H, Klainbart S, Kelmer E (2021) Systemic toxoplasmosis in a cat under cyclosporine therapy. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100542"},{"key":"10942_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S13073-024-01334-3\/FIGURES\/5","volume":"16","author":"JD Santos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santos JD, Sobral D, Pinheiro M et al (2024) INSaFLU-TELEVIR: an open web-based bioinformatics suite for viral metagenomic detection and routine genomic surveillance. Genome Med 16:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13073-024-01334-3\/FIGURES\/5","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10942_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0087","volume":"364","author":"LD Sibley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sibley LD, Khan A, Ajioka JW, Rosenthal BM (2009) Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in animals and humans. Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 364:2749\u20132761","journal-title":"Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"10942_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.08.004","volume":"7","author":"KE Simpson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simpson KE, Devine BC, Gunn-Moore D (2005) Suspected toxoplasma\u2014associated myocarditis in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 7:203\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.08.004","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10942_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871102300117","volume":"23","author":"A Spycher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spycher A, Geigy C, Howard J et al (2011) Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii causing fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent 10-year-old cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 23:104\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063871102300117","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"10942_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20551169231208890","author":"F Tyroller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tyroller F, Haas B, Posch B (2023) Toxoplasma gondii spinal granuloma in a cat. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20551169231208890","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg Open Rep"},{"key":"10942_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/S00436-019-06523-3","volume":"119","author":"A Vilares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vilares A, Borges V, Sampaio D et al (2020) Towards a rapid sequencing-based molecular surveillance and mosaicism investigation of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 119:587\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00436-019-06523-3","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10942_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.08.006","volume":"205","author":"A Vilares","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vilares A, Gargat\u00e9 MJ, Ferreira I et al (2014) Isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from pigeons and stray cats in Lisbon, Portugal. Vet Parasitol 205:506\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.08.006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10942_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5374-5","volume":"116","author":"A Vilares","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vilares A, Gargat\u00e9 MJ, Ferreira I et al (2017) Molecular and virulence characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from humans in Portugal. Parasitol Res 116:979\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-017-5374-5","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10942_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.01.022","volume":"187","author":"H Waap","year":"2012","unstructured":"Waap H, Cardoso R, Leit\u00e3o A et al (2012) In vitro isolation and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats and pigeons in Lisbon, Portugal. Vet Parasitol 187:542\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.01.022","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10942_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/126.5.545","volume":"126","author":"GD Wallace","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wallace GD (1972) Experimental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii by cockroaches. J Infect Dis 126:545\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/126.5.545","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10942_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6257","volume":"52","author":"C Weingart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weingart C, Gruber AD, Brunnberg M, Kohn B (2016) Hypernatremia in a cat with Toxoplasma-induced panencephalitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 52:63\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6257","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10942_CR66","first-page":"860","volume":"59","author":"L Zandon\u00e0","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zandon\u00e0 L, Brunetta R, Zanardello C et al (2018) Cerebral toxoplasmosis in a Cat with feline leukemia and feline infectious peritonitis viral infections. Can Vet J 59:860\u2013862","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10942_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00899","author":"W Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu W, Li J, Pappoe F (2019) Strategies developed by Toxoplasma gondii to survive in the host. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00899","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-025-10942-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-025-10942-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-025-10942-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:36:58Z","timestamp":1762425418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11259-025-10942-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-025-10942-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-7380","1573-7446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7380","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study is exempt from ethical approval as all of the samples were collected during routine field investigations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"356"}}