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A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 27 healthy female cats assigned to three treatment groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099 per group). Surgical variables were recorded intraoperatively, and post-operative pain was assessed using a validated feline pain scale at hourly intervals over four hours. The laparoscopic group had the shortest incision length (mean 10.0\u00a0mm, SD 0.0) compared to the suture (mean 33.3\u00a0mm, SD 5.6) and bipolar device groups (mean 28.7\u00a0mm, SD 6.4). Surgical time was significantly shorter in the BVSD (27.0\u2009\u00b1\u20099.6\u00a0min) and LOVE groups (30.2\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2\u00a0min) compared with the Suture group (43.9\u2009\u00b1\u200914.4\u00a0min; one-way ANOVA,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005; Tukey post-hoc\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs. Suture for both comparisons). Post-operative pain scores at one hour (T1) were lower in the LOVE group (median 4 [IQR 3\u20135]) than in both open groups (Suture: 9 [IQR 8\u20139]; BVSD: 7 [IQR 6\u20138]; Kruskal\u2013Wallis,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.014; Dunn\u2019s post-hoc\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs. BVSD and trend towards lower scores vs. Suture). Only 1 of 9 cats requiring rescue analgesia versus 7 of 9 in each open group. The laparoscopic approach was associated with lower post-operative pain scores and a reduced need for rescue analgesia compared to open ovariectomy techniques, suggesting improved perioperative comfort. Although the laparoscopic group showed a significantly shorter surgical time compared with the suture group, this observation should be interpreted cautiously due to potential operator- and case-dependent variability. Nevertheless, laparoscopic ovariectomy in cats should be considered a promising and welfare-oriented technique that warrants further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-025-11039-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T01:38:13Z","timestamp":1768181893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of open ovariectomy with sutures or bipolar vessel sealing versus laparoscopic approach in cats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4917-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Guadalupi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1397-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Piemontese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6252-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzia","family":"Stabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5803-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Vicenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-6641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Maria","family":"Crovace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Staffieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4963-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Lacitignola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"11039_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2015.09.001","volume":"23","author":"JN ACTON","year":"2016","unstructured":"Acton JN, Tan Salfingersg, J., Cohen PA (2016) Outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy using a 5-mm versus 10-mm laparoscope: A randomized control trial. 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The owners of all the animals included in the present study were provided with information regarding the study and written informed consent was obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"97"}}