{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:57:37Z","timestamp":1781643457144,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007041","name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Influenza A virus is a zoonotic pathogen capable of infecting a wide range of hosts, yet data on infections in wild ruminants are limited. The European bison (\n                    <jats:italic>Bison bonasus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), Europe\u2019s largest terrestrial mammal, had not previously been identified as a host for Influenza A virus. This study aimed to provide the first molecular and serological evidence of H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus (A\/H1N1pdm) infection in European bison, contributing to the understanding of Influenza A virus ecology at the wildlife\u2013livestock interface. We retrospectively analysed 335 serum samples collected from European bison between 2017 and 2023 using a commercial ELISA detecting antibodies against all Influenza A virus subtypes. Tissue samples (heart and liver) from ELISA-positive animal were further tested by RT-qPCR targeting hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of A\/H1N1pdm, A\/H3N2, and A\/H5N1. PCR-positive products were sequenced for confirmation. Seroprevalence of Influenza A virus was 0.3% (1\/335; 95% CI: 0.02\u20131.71). Influenza A virus RNA (A\/H1N1pdm) was detected in the heart and liver tissue of a 4-year-old captive male from Borecka Forest, culled in 2018. The animal exhibited pulmonary congestion, emphysema, and posthitis at necropsy. This study provides the first molecular and serological confirmation of H1N1pdm infection in European bison. The findings highlight the potential susceptibility of this species to Influenza A virus and raise questions about possible transmission routes, including spillover from domestic animals or humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11159-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:50:49Z","timestamp":1774072249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First report of serological and molecular detection of influenza A (H1N1) in European bison (Bison bonasus)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Didkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Mart\u00edn-Santander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Golke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlena","family":"Wojciechowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Olech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Szalu\u015b-Jordanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Dzieci\u0105tkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lex","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Villanueva-Saz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Kwiecie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Quilez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Anusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Marteles-Arag\u00fc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"11159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","volume":"25","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1997","unstructured":"Altschul SF, Madden TL, Sch\u00e4ffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. 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Emerg Infect Dis 31:1253\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3106.250386","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"11159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3007.240508","volume":"30","author":"ER Burrough","year":"2024","unstructured":"Burrough ER, Magstadt DR, Petersen B, Timmermans SJ, Gauger PC, Zhang J, Siepker C, Mainenti M, Li G, Thompson AC, Gorden PJ, Plummer PJ, Main R (2024) Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024. Emerg Infect Dis 30:1335\u20131343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3007.240508","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"11159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091768","volume":"10","author":"MA De Marco","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Marco MA, Cotti C, Raffini E, Frasnelli M, Prosperi A, Zanni I, Romanini C, Castrucci MR, Chiapponi C, Delogu M (2022) Long-Term Serological Investigations of Influenza A Virus in Free-Living Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Northern Italy (2007\u20132014). Microorganisms 10:1768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10091768","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04593-3","volume":"21","author":"A Didkowska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Didkowska A, Mart\u00edn-Santander V, Wojciechowska M, Olech W, Anusz K, Fern\u00e1ndez A, Davies JE, G\u00f3mez \u00c1, Pe\u00f1a-Fresneda N, Arias M, Lacasta D, Ort\u00edn A, P\u00e9rez MD, Villanueva-Saz S, Marteles D (2025) Presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland, 2019\u20132023. 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Microorganisms 12:689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12040689","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13085","volume":"71","author":"S Villanueva-Saz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villanueva-Saz S, Mart\u00ednez M, Rueda P, P\u00e9rez MD, Lacasta D, Marteles D, Ru\u00edz H, Gonzalez A, Verde MT, Pardo J, Arias M, Pe\u00f1a-Fresneda N, Fern\u00e1ndez A, Trotta M (2024) Serological exposure to influenza A in cats from an area with wild birds positive for avian influenza. Zoonoses Public Health 71:324\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.13085","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"11159_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101005","volume":"20","author":"HT Zedan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zedan HT, Alziftawi T, Abdalla A, Yassine HM (2025) Seroprevalence of influenza A H1N1 and influenza D viruses in ruminants in Qatar. One Health 20:101005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101005","journal-title":"One Health"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11159-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11159-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11159-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:35:56Z","timestamp":1781642156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11159-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["11159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11159-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-7380","1573-7446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7380","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No animal was culled or immobilized for this study. Samples were collected on the occasion when animals were culled or immobilized for other reasons. Any lethal testing was carried out by local institutions responsible for European bison management, and each culling was performed with the necessary permit. The collection and storage of samples from dead animals was based on the decision of the Regional Director of Environmental Protection in Warsaw: according to this decision, no permission is needed for the collection of dead animals for scientific purposes. In addition, in accordance with II Local Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments in Warsaw, no approval was needed for ante-mortem sampling, as it was conducted as part of standard veterinary care. The care and use of animals were performed according with the Spanish Policy for Animal Protection RD 53\/2013, which meets the European Union Directive 2010\/63 on the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}}],"article-number":"212"}}