{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T03:47:53Z","timestamp":1782100073191,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004909","name":"Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Efficient, high-quality production is essential to the swine industry, with carcass inspection by health authorities playing a crucial role in detecting abnormalities that may lead to condemnation, including enteritis. Enteritis is, usually, characterized by changes in color, mucosal integrity, intestinal wall thickness and luminal contents and has a multifactorial etiology. This study assessed and classified visual lesions attributed to enteritis and to seek for associations with known pathogens. A scoring system was applied to classify visual changes, and 30 condemned intestines were categorized as mild (&lt;\u200910 points), moderate (11\u201320 points), or severe (&gt;\u200920 points). Laboratory analyses included histopathology; isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.; and molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),\n                    <jats:italic>Lawsonia intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Brachyspira pilosicoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Lesions were classified as mild (23%), moderate (57%), and severe (20%). PCV2 and\n                    <jats:italic>L. intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA were detected in 60% and 23% of samples, respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated from 57% of intestines, of which 87% exhibited antimicrobial resistance and 56% were multidrug-resistant. No samples tested positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>B. pilosicoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic>B. hyodysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Lower condemnation scores were associated with the presence of PCV2 DNA, mild lesions, and lymph nodes showing necrosis and follicular depletion. Mild lesions were also associated with a lower frequency of multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is concerning from a One Health perspective. These findings underscore the importance of pathogen monitoring, antimicrobial stewardship, and strong animal welfare practices within the swine production chain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11200-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:17:39Z","timestamp":1777263459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual and microscopic lesions of enteritis in slaughtered swine: pathogen identification and antimicrobial resistance implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Luisa Zasso","family":"Neis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio Oliveira","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Cavalheiro","family":"Bertagnolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine Ludwig","family":"Takeuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Quoos","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"11200_CR1","unstructured":"ABPA BA of AP (2024) 2023 Pork annual balance. 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PMID: 11420333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5"},{"issue":"1","key":"11200_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010112","volume":"12","author":"P Bassi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bassi P, Bosco C, Bonilauri P, Luppi A, Fontana MC, Fiorentini L, Rugna G (2023) Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors assessment in Escherichia coli isolated from swine in Italy from 2017 to 2021. Pathogens 12(1):112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12010112","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"11200_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081485","volume":"10","author":"R Bassitta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bassitta R, Kronfeld H, Bauer J et al (2022) Tracking antimicrobial resistant E. coli from pigs on farm to pork at slaughter. Microorganisms 10:1485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10081485","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11200_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brazil. MAPA - Ministry of Agriculture L and S (2003). Normative Instruction n. 62, 26 aug 2003. https:\/\/www.defesa.agricultura.sp.gov.br\/legislacoes\/instrucao-normativa-sda-62-de-26-08-2003,665.html. Accessed 13 Oct 2024.","DOI":"10.1353\/cal.2003.0006"},{"key":"11200_CR7","unstructured":"Brazil. MAPA - Ministry of Agriculture L and S (2016). Normative Instruction n. 45, 22 nov 2016. https:\/\/www.gov.br\/agricultura\/pt-br\/assuntos\/insumos-agropecuarios\/insumos-pecuarios\/alimentacao-animal\/arquivos-alimentacao-animal\/legislacao\/instrucao-normativa-no-45-de-22-de-novembro-de-2016.pdf\/view Accessed 13 Oct 2024."},{"key":"11200_CR8","unstructured":"Brazil. 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The animals were managed in compliance with current Brazilian animal welfare regulations, with no animal handling or experimentation involved.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"288"}}