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A total of 960 juvenile Nile tilapia (2.87\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68\u00a0g and 5.65\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u00a0cm) were allocated to 24 experimental units (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940) and fed six experimental diets for 60 days: DC\n                    <jats:sub>0%<\/jats:sub>\n                    (no microalgae inclusion), DN\n                    <jats:sub>0.5%<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.5%\n                    <jats:italic>N. oculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), DN\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    (1%\n                    <jats:italic>N. oculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), DP\n                    <jats:sub>0.5%<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.5%\n                    <jats:italic>P. tricornutum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), DP\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    (1%\n                    <jats:italic>P. tricornutum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and DPN\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.5%\n                    <jats:italic>N. oculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009+\u20090.5%\n                    <jats:italic>P. tricornutum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). After the feeding period, fish were challenged with\n                    <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2078 CFU mL\u207b\u00b9). Microalgal inclusion increased significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) dietary contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidant potential of diets without affecting fish growth. The DP\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    and DPN\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    diets increased significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid levels and reduced monounsaturated fatty acids and \u2211saturated fatty acids in muscle, thereby improving the lipid profile and flesh quality. Following infection, reductions in erythrocytic parameters were observed, along with increases in lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, neutrophil, and thrombocyte counts, as well as higher (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) agglutination and antimicrobial titres, total plasma protein, and immunoglobulin levels in the DP\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    and DPN\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    groups. Survival was higher in the microalgae-supplemented groups, particularly in DPN\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    (91.67\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8%) compared with the control (65.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0%). Supplementation with DP\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    and DPN\n                    <jats:sub>1%<\/jats:sub>\n                    improved haematoimmunological responses, lipid composition, and resistance to\n                    <jats:italic>E. tarda<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Nile tilapia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11218-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:48:40Z","timestamp":1776491320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Phaeodactylum tricornutum enhanced immune function, lipid profile, and resistance to Edwardsiella tarda infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Domickson Silva","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jucimauro","family":"de Ara\u00fajo Pereira J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola Capistrano","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara Miguel","family":"Libanori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracienhe Gomes","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Vaz","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Andrea Lima","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene Sobrinho","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Brum Figueredo","family":"Ruschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"de Farias Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Shizuo","family":"Owatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio Later\u00e7a","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scheila Anelise","family":"Pereira Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Manoel Rodrigues","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"11218_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738550","volume":"560","author":"M Abdel-Tawwab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdel-Tawwab M, Gewida AG, Abdelghany MF, Mousa MA, Abdel-Razek N, Abdel-Hamid EAA, Shady SHH, Mamoon A (2022) The green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda modulates the performance, immune indices, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia fingerlings. 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