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The present study aimed to evaluate myocardial injury in cattle naturally infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and to determine the most reliable cardiac biomarkers for detecting cardiac damage. A case\u2013control study was conducted in 24 Simmental calves, including 12 clinically affected calves and 12 healthy controls. Only clinically affected animals were included in the infected group, whereas quantitative real-time PCR\n                    <jats:italic>(<\/jats:italic>\n                    qPCR) positive but clinically normal cattle were excluded. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, microscopic blood smear evaluation, and qPCR. Serum cTnI, CK-MB, AST, and LDH were measured using commercial enzyme kits, whereas H-FABP and NT-proBNP concentrations were determined using bovine-specific ELISA kits. Mean serum H-FABP (0.64 vs. 0.43 ng\/mL;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.001) and NT-proBNP (0.36 vs. 0.21 ng\/mL;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.001) concentrations, as well as median cTnI levels (0.11 vs. 0.06 ng\/mL;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.003), were significantly higher in cattle with anaplasmosis than in healthy controls. Haematocrit showed moderate negative correlations with H-FABP (\n                    <jats:italic>r =<\/jats:italic>\n                    -0.413,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.045) and NT-proBNP (\n                    <jats:italic>r =<\/jats:italic>\n                    -0.617,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.001). Heart rate showed strong positive correlations with H-FABP (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.803,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and NT-proBNP (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.732,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a moderate positive correlation with cTnI (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.537,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007). ROC analysis identified H-FABP as the best-performing biomarker (AUC\u2009=\u20091.000), followed by NT-proBNP (AUC\u2009=\u20090.903) and cTnI (AUC\u2009=\u20090.854). In conclusion, naturally occurring bovine anaplasmosis is associated with significant myocardial injury likely related to anaemia-induced hypoxia and compensatory tachycardia. Among the evaluated biomarkers, H-FABP demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance and may facilitate earlier recognition of cardiac involvement in affected cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11309-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:13:53Z","timestamp":1780546433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Myocardial injury associated with naturally occurring clinical bovine anaplasmosis: evaluation of novel cardiac biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"\u015e\u00fckr\u00fc","family":"De\u011firmen\u00e7ay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefa","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramazan","family":"Kaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Kandemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyhane","family":"Bayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Kadak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rem Nur","family":"G\u00f6l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nergis","family":"Ula\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Y\u00fcksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ak\u0131n","family":"K\u0131rba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"11309_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101502","volume":"71","author":"S Ahmadpour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadpour S, Esmaeilnejad B, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Asri-Rezaei S (2020) Alterations of cardiac and renal biomarkers in horses naturally infected with Theileria equi. 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