{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:19:55Z","timestamp":1792783195905,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Copenhagen University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is uncommon in cats but may cause persistent stifle instability. Previous ex vivo assessments of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement have failed to restore stability in the feline stifle. This study evaluated whether centre-of-rotation-of-angulation\u2013based levelling osteotomy (CBLO) improves ex vivo stability in a refined feline limb-press model that preserves hip flexion\u2013extension. Ten feline hindlimbs were tested intact, after CCL transection, and after CBLO under 30% bodyweight axial loading. Radiographic measurements included proxy CCL distance, joint angles, tibial plateau angle (TPA), anatomical\u2013mechanical axis (AMA) angle, and gastrocnemius lever-arm characteristics. Muscle forces were recorded using calibrated load cells. CBLO reduced mean TPA from 23.8\u00b0 (SD 2.2\u00b0) to 9.4\u00b0 (SD 2.5\u00b0). AMA angle after CBLO (0.5\u00b0, SD 0.9\u00b0) did not differ significantly from zero (95% CI -0.1\u00b0 to 1.1\u00b0,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.1). Joint condition significantly affected proxy CCL distance (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Compared to intact limbs, distances increased by 7.1\u00a0mm (95% CI 6.0 to 8.2,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) after CCL transection and by 6.1\u00a0mm (95% CI 4.9 to 7.3,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) after CBLO, with no significant difference between CCL-deficient and CBLO limbs (-1.0\u00a0mm; 95% CI -2.6 to 0.5,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.3). Joint angles and simulated muscle forces were unaffected by joint condition. Gastrocnemius lever-arm length using the calcaneal tunnel was 86% (SD 2.0%) of the anatomical length. CBLO, as performed in this model, corrected tibial slope but did not restore ex vivo stability of the feline stifle following CCL transection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11361-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T03:29:35Z","timestamp":1781753375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of CORA-based levelling osteotomy in the feline stifle: an ex vivo limb press study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6022-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parisa","family":"Mazdarani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4377-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Edward","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"11361_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12125","volume":"55","author":"RM Allan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allan RM (2014) A modified Maquet technique for management of cranial cruciate avulsion in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 55:52\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.12125","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"11361_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653960","volume":"31","author":"A Bilmont","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilmont A, Retournard M, Asimus E et al (2018) Effect of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on cranial tibial subluxation in the feline cranial cruciate deficient stifle joint: an ex vivo experimental study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 31:273\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1653960","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"11361_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205511692110446","DOI":"10.1177\/20551169211044695","volume":"7","author":"E Bula","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bula E, Perry KL (2021) Tibial tuberosity transposition advancement for treatment of concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture and medial patellar luxation in four feline stifles. J Feline Med Surg Open Rep 7:205511692110446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20551169211044695","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg Open Rep"},{"key":"11361_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2025.105826","volume":"194","author":"GV Chaves","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaves GV, Dahl KH, Nielsen MBM et al (2025) Factors influencing stifle stability in canine limb press models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 194:105826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2025.105826","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"11361_CR5","first-page":"157","volume":"87","author":"\u00d6 Coskun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coskun \u00d6, Viskjer S (2023) Evaluating the outcome after center of rotation of angulation (CORA)-based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) technique to repair unilateral cranial cruciate ligament deficiency using a pressure-sensitive walkway system. Can J Vet Res 87:157\u2013164","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"11361_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632963","volume":"18","author":"GLG Harasen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harasen GLG (2005) Feline cranial cruciate rupture: 17 cases and a review of the literature. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:254\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1632963","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"11361_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00119-X","volume":"31","author":"EM Hasler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hasler EM, Herzog W, Leonard TR et al (1997) In vivo knee joint loading and kinematics before and after ACL transection in an animal model. J Biomech 31:253\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00119-X","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"11361_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.5326\/0410395","volume":"41","author":"EA Hoots","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoots EA, Petersen SW (2005) Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge ostectomy in a cat with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:395\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0410395","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"11361_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudson L, Hamilton W (2010) Musculoskeletal system. In: Hudson L, Hamilton W (eds) Atlas of feline anatomy for veterinarians, 2nd edn. Teton Newmedia, Jackson, WY, pp 23\u201378","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315137865-3"},{"key":"11361_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17704562","volume":"20","author":"W Kneifel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kneifel W, Borak D, Bockstahler B, Schnabl-Feichter E (2018) Use of a custom-made limb-press model to assess intra- and extracapsular techniques for treating cranial cruciate ligament rupture in cats. J Feline Med Surg 20:271\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098612X17704562","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"11361_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061695","volume":"11","author":"L Koch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koch L, Bockstahler B, Tichy A et al (2021) Comparison of extracapsular stabilization techniques using an ultrasonically implanted absorbable bone anchor (Weldix) after cranial cruciate ligament rupture in cats\u2014an in vitro study. Animals 11:1695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11061695","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"11361_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mazdarani P, Miles JE (2026) Ex vivo evaluation of intra-articular cranial cruciate ligament repair using an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene graft in the cats. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol a-2819-0853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2819-0853","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2819-0853"},{"key":"11361_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13801","volume":"51","author":"P Mazdarani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazdarani P, Pedram MS, Miles JE (2022) Effect of CORA-based levelling osteotomy on ex vivo stifle joint stability following cranial cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscal release with and without a hamstring load. Vet Surg 51:940\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vsu.13801","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"11361_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mazdarani P, Nielsen MBM, Miles JE (2025) Proximal femoral fixation method and axial load affect simulated muscle forces in an ex vivo feline limb press. Vet Surg vsu 14252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vsu.14252","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14252"},{"key":"11361_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00021-9","volume":"32","author":"RM McLaughlin","year":"2002","unstructured":"McLaughlin RM (2002) Surgical diseases of the feline stifle joint. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:963\u2013982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00021-9","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"11361_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-15-11-0184","volume":"29","author":"J Mindner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mindner J, Bielecki M, Scharvogel S, Meiler D (2016) Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in eleven cats with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 29:528\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3415\/VCOT-15-11-0184","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"11361_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-09-02-0014","volume":"23","author":"K Perry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perry K, Fitzpatrick N (2010) Tibial tuberosity advancement in two cats with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 23:196\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3415\/VCOT-09-02-0014","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"11361_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12035.x","volume":"42","author":"M Raske","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raske M, Hulse D, Beale B et al (2013) Stabilization of the CORA based leveling osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament injury using a bone plate augmented with a headless compression screw. Vet Surg 42:759\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12035.x","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"11361_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.06.005","volume":"107","author":"M Retournard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Retournard M, Bilmont A, Asimus E et al (2016) Effect of tibial tuberosity advancement on cranial tibial subluxation in the feline cranial cruciate deficient stifle joint: An ex vivo experimental study. Res Vet Sci 107:240\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.06.005","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"11361_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E et al (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 9:676\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11361-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11361-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11361-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:54:42Z","timestamp":1789790082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11361-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["11361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11361-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-7380","1573-7446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7380","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Use of cadaveric feline limbs was approved by the institutional Animal Ethics Committee (approval no. 2022-16). All specimens originated from animals euthanised for unrelated clinical reasons; no animal was euthanised for research purposes.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"402"}}