{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:21:08Z","timestamp":1792783268399,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Da Para\u00edba","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00p9vpz11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cetaceans are highly adapted marine mammals whose survival depends on precise auditory and echolocation systems. Therefore, disease processes affecting these systems, including parasitic infections pose significant morbidity and may result in stranding and death. Here, we describe the pathologic and parasitological findings in an adult, male melon-headed whale (\n                    <jats:italic>Peponocephala electra<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) stranded dead on the Brazilian coast. The main gross pathologic findings consisted of bilateral otitis media associated with numerous nematodes in the tympanic bullae that occluded the tympanic lumen and resulted in compression of the tympanic membrane. Other relevant gross findings were abdominal effusion, visceral congestion, pulmonary petechiae, and lack of ingesta. Histopathologic examination of the tympanic membrane and middle ear soft tissue revealed chronic otitis and myringitis with epithelial hyperplasia and multifocal ulceration with intralesional nematodes. These nematodes were morphologically identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Stenurus globicephalae<\/jats:italic>\n                    through direct microscopy and electron microscopy analyses. In this case, severe parasitism of the tympanic apparatus was considered the primary pathologic condition. We surmise that the severity of the lesions noted in the auditory system could have resulted in disorientation and stranding, and, together with the physiological stress response associated with live stranding, ultimately led to death in this individual. This report underscores the role of parasitic otitis caused by\n                    <jats:italic>S. globicephalae<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a differential etiological diagnosis for stranding and death in cetaceans along the Brazilian coast and provides an updated overview of the literature on otic parasitism in cetaceans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11370-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:04:53Z","timestamp":1782446693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nematodal otitis by Stenurus globicephalae in a melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) stranded in Northeastern Brazil: case report and literature update"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5954-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hodias S.","family":"Oliveira Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1678-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lucas Costa","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9141-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Mota Freitas","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1532-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Lucas Jord\u00e3o","family":"de Luna Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4283-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naftali Camily Fernandes","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"de Oliveira Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7677-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno de Oliviera Telles","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0859-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Iber\u00ea Alves","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1705-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto Carlos","family":"da B\u00f4aviagem Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8648-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bernadete Lima","family":"Fragoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6521-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Jos\u00e9","family":"de Lima Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1216-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"D\u00edaz-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8688-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeann","family":"Leal de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"11370_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3354\/dao032227","volume":"32","author":"E Abollo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abollo E, L\u00f3pez A, Gestal C et al (1998) Macroparasites in cetaceans stranded on the northwestern Spanish Atlantic coast. Dis Aquat Organ 32:227\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao032227","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"11370_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14090","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14090","volume":"37","author":"GT Braulik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braulik GT, Taylor BL, Minton G et al (2023) Red-list status and extinction risk of the world\u2019s whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Conserv Biol 37:e14090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cobi.14090","journal-title":"Conserv Biol"},{"key":"11370_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.06.023","volume":"173","author":"VL Carvalho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carvalho VL, Bevilaqua CML, I\u00f1iguez AM et al (2010) Metazoan parasites of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of Brazil. Vet Parasitol 173:116\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.06.023","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11370_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15121812","volume":"15","author":"E Esposito","year":"2025","unstructured":"Esposito E, Oliviero M, Iaccarino D et al (2025) Post Mortem Findings of Cetaceans Stranded Along the Campania Coast from 2016 to 2022. Animals 15(12):1812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15121812","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"11370_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1139\/z98-057","volume":"76","author":"J Faulkner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Faulkner J, Measures LN, Whoriskey FG (1998) Stenurus minor (Metastrongyloidea: Pseudaliidae) infections of the cranial sinuses of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. Can J Zool 76:1209\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z98-057","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"11370_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.10.010","volume":"16","author":"AM Febronio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Febronio AM, Boos GS, Batista RL et al (2021) Crassicaudiasis in three geographically and chronologically distant Cuvier\u2019s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded off Brazil. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 16:262\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.10.010","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"11370_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2023.03.009","volume":"158","author":"I Felipe-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Felipe-Jim\u00e9nez I, Fern\u00e1ndez A, De Quir\u00f3s YB et al (2023) Cerebral nasitremiasis in a Blainville\u2019s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) stranded in the Canary Islands. Res Vet Sci 158:56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2023.03.009","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"11370_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182023001014","volume":"150","author":"JR Fischbach","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fischbach JR, Seguel M (2023) A systematic review of the diversity and virulence correlates of metastrongyle lungworms in marine mammals. Parasitology 150:1178\u20131191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182023001014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"11370_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70094","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.70094","volume":"42","author":"DC Freitas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Freitas DC, Bassoi M, Da Silva IVB (2025) Melon-Headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) Occurrence in the Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ocean With Descriptions of Their Whistles. Mar Mammal Sci 42:e70094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mms.70094","journal-title":"Mar Mammal Sci"},{"key":"11370_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1139\/z03-016","volume":"81","author":"M Houde","year":"2003","unstructured":"Houde M, Measures LN, Huot J (2003) Experimental transmission of Pharurus pallasii (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea), a lungworm of the cranial sinuses of the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), to fish. Can J Zool 81:364\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z03-016","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"11370_CR14","unstructured":"IUCN (2025) Peponocephala electra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Available at: https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/18596\/50358835. Accessed 19 May 2026"},{"key":"11370_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9171-4_26","volume-title":"Trigeminal Neuralgia","author":"C-H Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim C-H (2023) Otalgia and Geniculate Neuralgia. In: Park K, Cho KR (eds) Trigeminal Neuralgia. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 249\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-19-9171-4_26"},{"key":"11370_CR16","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Conceitos e m\u00e9todos para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de profissionais em laborat\u00f3rios de sa\u00fade","author":"M Knoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knoff M, Gomes DC (2012) Metodologia b\u00e1sica para coleta e processamento de helmintos parasitos. In: Molinaro EM, Caputo LFG, Amendoeira MRR (eds) Conceitos e m\u00e9todos para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de profissionais em laborat\u00f3rios de sa\u00fade. EPSJV\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, pp 251\u2013282"},{"key":"11370_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.531","volume":"69","author":"M Kuwamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuwamura M, Sawamoto O, Yamate J et al (2007) Pulmonary vascular proliferation and lungworm (Stenurus ovatus) in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops turncatus). J Vet Med Sci 69:531\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.69.531","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"11370_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3354\/dao064265","volume":"64","author":"K Lehnert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lehnert K, Raga J, Siebert U (2005) Macroparasites in stranded and bycaught harbour porpoises from German and Norwegian waters. Volume contents Dis Aquat Org 64:265\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao064265","journal-title":"Volume contents Dis Aquat Org"},{"key":"11370_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.12.008","volume":"40","author":"K Lehnert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lehnert K, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Schaudien D, Bleidorn C, Wohlsein P, Siebert U (2010) Transmission of lungworms of harbour porpoises and harbour seals: Molecular tools determine potential vertebrate intermediate hosts. Int J Parasitol 40:845\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.12.008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"11370_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5573-0","volume":"116","author":"K Lehnert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lehnert K, Randhawa H, Poulin R (2017) Metazoan parasites from odontocetes off New Zealand: new records. Parasitol Res 116:2861\u20132868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-017-5573-0","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"11370_CR22","first-page":"79","volume":"1","author":"L Lodi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lodi L, Siciliano S, Capistrano L (1990) Mass stranding of Peponocephala electra (Cetacea, Globicephalinae) on Piracanga Beach, Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Sci Rep Cetacean Res 1:79\u201384","journal-title":"Sci Rep Cetacean Res"},{"key":"11370_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13824","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013824","volume":"5","author":"D Mann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mann D, Hill-Cook M, Manire C et al (2010) Hearing loss in stranded odontocete dolphins and whales. PLoS ONE 5:e13824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0013824","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"11370_CR24","first-page":"230","volume-title":"Parasitic diseases of wild mammals","author":"LN Measures","year":"2001","unstructured":"Measures LN (2001) Lungworms of marine mammals. In: Pybus MJ, Monismith SW, Kocan AA (eds) Parasitic diseases of wild mammals, 2rd edn. Iowa State University, Ames (IA), pp 230\u2013257","edition":"2"},{"key":"11370_CR25","volume-title":"Guia de ilustrado de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de cet\u00e1ceos e sir\u00eanios do Brasil\u2013ICMBio\/CMA","author":"A Miranda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miranda A, Luna F, Sousa G et al (2020) Guia de ilustrado de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de cet\u00e1ceos e sir\u00eanios do Brasil\u2013ICMBio\/CMA. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade & Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de Mam\u00edferos Aqu\u00e1ticos, Brazil"},{"key":"11370_CR26","unstructured":"Morell M, Andr\u00e9 M (2009) Cetacean ear extraction and fixation protocol. University of British Columbia. https:\/\/www.zoology.ubc.ca\/files\/Ear_extraction_and_fixation_protocol_UBC.pdf. Accessed 22 March 2026"},{"key":"11370_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03178","volume":"127","author":"M Morell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morell M, Lehnert K et al (2017) Parasites in the inner ear of harbour porpoise: cases from the North and Baltic Seas. Dis Aquat Organ 127:57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao03178","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"11370_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb245450","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245450","volume":"226","author":"CF Moss","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moss CF, Ortiz ST, Wahlberg M (2023) Adaptive echolocation behavior of bats and toothed whales in dynamic soundscapes. J Exp Biol 226:jeb245450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.245450","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"11370_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perryman WL, Danil K (2018) Melon-headed whale: Peponocephala electra. In: W\u00fcrsig B, Thewissen JGM, Kovacs KM (eds) Encyclopedia of marine mammals. Elsevier, pp 593\u2013595","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00171-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"11370_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.43.5.2017.547","volume":"43","author":"ACN Phillips","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phillips ACN, Suepaul R (2017) Nasitrema Species: A Frequent Culprit in Melon-Headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) Strandings in Trinidad. Aquat Mamm 43(5):547\u2013557","journal-title":"Aquat Mamm"},{"key":"11370_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.24039\/rnh2011521072","volume":"5","author":"RM Pinto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinto RM, Knoff M, Gomes DC, Noronha D (2011) Nematodes from mammals in Brazil: an updating. Neotrop Helminthol 5:139\u2013183","journal-title":"Neotrop Helminthol"},{"key":"11370_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-10-242","volume":"56","author":"R Pool","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pool R, Chandradeva N, Gkafas G et al (2020) Transmission and predictors of burden of lungworms of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the Western Mediterranean. J Wildl Dis 56:186\u2013191","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"11370_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04629-1","author":"R Pool","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pool R, Romero-Rubira C, Raga JA et al (2021) Determinants of lungworm specificity in five cetacean species in the western Mediterranean. Parasit Vectors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04629-1","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"11370_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulin R (2007) Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites. Princeton University Press","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400840809"},{"key":"11370_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25597","volume":"308","author":"JS Reidenberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reidenberg JS, Laitman JT (2025) Review of respiratory anatomy adaptations in whales. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 308:1179\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.25597","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"11370_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/oceans3040033","volume":"3","author":"K Roca-Monge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roca-Monge K, Gonz\u00e1lez-Barrientos R, Su\u00e1rez-Esquivel M et al (2022) Age and Sexual Maturity Estimation of Stranded Striped Dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, Infected with Brucella ceti. Oceans 3:494\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/oceans3040033","journal-title":"Oceans"},{"key":"11370_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.09.002","volume":"19","author":"A Salda\u00f1a","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salda\u00f1a A, L\u00f3pez C, L\u00f3pez A et al (2022) Specificity of Stenurus (Metastrongyloidea: Pseudaliidae) infections in odontocetes stranded along the north-west Spanish coast. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 19:148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.09.002","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"11370_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X09224175","volume":"83","author":"I Saldanha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saldanha I, Leung TLF, Poulin R (2009) Causes of intraspecific variation in body size among trematode metacercariae. J Helminthol 83:289\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022149X09224175","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"11370_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.03.002","volume":"143","author":"H Seibel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seibel H, Beineke A, Siebert U (2010) Mycotic otitis media in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J Comp Pathol 143:294\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.03.002","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"11370_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03791","volume":"158","author":"S Shamsi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shamsi S, Moravec F, Barton DP (2024) Occurrence of Stenurus globicephalae (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae) in the blowhole of Globicephala macrorhynchus (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Tasmania, Australia. Dis Aquat Organ 158:115\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao03791","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"11370_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14233377","volume":"14","author":"Z Su\u00e1rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Gonz\u00e1lez Z, Gonz\u00e1lez JF, Arbelo M et al (2024) Parasitic infections in stranded whales and dolphins in canary islands (2018\u20132022): an update. Animals 14:3377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14233377","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"11370_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57811-7","volume":"14","author":"AJ Temple","year":"2024","unstructured":"Temple AJ, Langner U, Berumen ML (2024) Management and research efforts are failing dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales. Sci Rep 14:7077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-57811-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11370_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.2.488","volume":"46","author":"I Tomo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomo I, Kemper CM, Lavery TJ (2010) Eighteen-year study of South Australian dolphins shows variation in lung nematodes by season, year, age class, and location. J Wildl Dis 46:488\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7589\/0090-3558-46.2.488","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"11370_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.113047","volume":"228","author":"Z-T Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Z-T, Supin AY, Akamatsu T et al (2021) Auditory evoked potential in stranded melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra): With severe hearing loss and possibly caused by anthropogenic noise pollution. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 228:113047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.113047","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"11370_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2019.09.005","volume":"172","author":"P Wohlsein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wohlsein P, Seibel H, Beineke A et al (2019) Morphological and pathological findings in the middle and inner ears of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). J Comp Pathol 172:93\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2019.09.005","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"11370_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.23.715","volume":"148","author":"A Wunschimann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wunschimann A, Frese K, M\u00fciller G et al (2001) Evidence of infectious diseases in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) hunted in the waters of Greenland and by-caught in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea. Vet Rec 148:715\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.148.23.715","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"11370_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1638\/02-098","volume":"35","author":"P Zucca","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zucca P, Di Guardo G et al (2004) Use of computer tomography for imaging of Crassicauda grampicola in a Risso\u2019s dolphin (Grampus griseus). J Zoo Wildl Med 35(3):391\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/02-098","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"11370_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000200015","volume":"97","author":"MI Zylber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zylber MI, Failla G, Le Bas A (2002) Stenurus globicephalae Baylis et Daubney, 1925 (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae) from a false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens (Cetacea: Delphinidae), stranded on the coast of Uruguay. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97:221\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0074-02762002000200015","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11370-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11370-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11370-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:54:44Z","timestamp":1789790084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11370-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["11370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11370-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9224361\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0165-7380","1573-7446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7380","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was authorized by the University Institutional Ethics on Animal Use Committee of the Federal University of Para\u00edba, permit CEUA N\u00ba 2161060621.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"424"}}