{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:05:12Z","timestamp":1789790712377,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Pretoria","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g0p6g84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is a major cause of upper respiratory and ocular disease in domestic cats and remains widely distributed worldwide. However, information on FHV-1 exposure and neutralising antibody responses in cats from Namibia is limited. This study assessed FHV-1 neutralising antibody prevalence in a convenience sample of 236 domestic cats sampled across 15 towns in eight regions of Namibia. Neutralising antibodies were detected in 18\/236 (8%) cats (95% CI: 4.88\u201311.73%). Seropositive animals were identified only in Erongo, Khomas, and Hardap regions, with the highest regional seroprevalence observed in Erongo. Seropositivity was uncommon in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cats and was not significantly associated with vaccination status, feline immunodeficiency virus antibody status, or feline leukaemia virus antigen status. A significant association was identified between seropositivity and oculonasal discharge (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Overall, the findings indicate low FHV-1 neutralising antibody prevalence within the sampled population rather than the wider domestic cat population of Namibia, and suggest that detectable neutralising antibodies were observed predominantly in unvaccinated cats, although interpretation is limited by the small number of vaccinated animals and the absence of detailed vaccination histories.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11446-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:19:47Z","timestamp":1785907187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tracing feline herpesvirus-1 exposure in domestic cats from Namibia: associations with neutralising antibodies, vaccination, clinical signs, and retroviral status"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Lourens","family":"de Villiers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Pulsoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bonfini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellini","family":"Hamunyela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"de Villiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Ciarrocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Teodori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Molini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"11446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112583","volume":"14","author":"MG Amoroso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amoroso MG, Serra F, Miletti G et al (2022) A retrospective study of viral molecular prevalences in cats in southern Italy (Campania region). 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Arch Virol 154:171\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-008-0278-4","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"11446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2025.107738","volume":"268","author":"L De Villiers","year":"2025","unstructured":"De Villiers L, Penzhorn BL, Schoeman JP et al (2025) A multi-modal investigation into the prevalence and diagnostic evaluation of vector-borne pathogens and retroviruses in domestic cats throughout Namibia. 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Acta Trop 253:107184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107184","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"11446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006063","volume":"38","author":"R Gaskell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gaskell R, Dawson S, Radford A, Thiry E (2007) Feline herpesvirus. Vet Res 38:337\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/vetres:2006063","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"11446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.38","volume":"220","author":"MR Lappin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lappin MR, Andrews J, Simpson D, Jensen WA (2002) Use of serologic tests to predict resistance to feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, and feline parvovirus infection in cats. 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No ethical approval was required for analysis of secondary sample material from the archived sample biobanks. The initial sampling was performed according to the Ethical Clearance Certificate released by the Decentralised Ethics Committee, Neudamm Campus, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia (no. NEC0001, 2021).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"505"}}