{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:19:43Z","timestamp":1792783183554,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto De Assist\u00eancia M\u00e9dica Ao Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cg93958","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America, primarily affecting humans. Reports in non-human primates are rare and provide valuable insight into the environmental circulation of\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and the interface between animal and human infection.\u00a0\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case report<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe a case of disseminated PCM in a 13-year-old black lion tamarin (\n                      <jats:italic>Leontopithecus chrysopygus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) from S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The animal presented neurological signs and marked clinical deterioration, progressing to death within 48\u00a0h of the onset of neurological signs. Histopathological analysis of multiple organs revealed granulomatous inflammation associated with multiple budding yeast-like organisms consistent with\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., confirmed by Grocott staining. Molecular analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., and the resulting Sanger sequences clustered with reference sequences of the\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex in the ITS-based phylogenetic analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case demonstrates severe disseminated PCM in an endangered Neotropical primate and highlights the diagnostic value of combining histopathology and molecular assays in FFPE samples for etiological confirmation of fungal infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11455-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:01:43Z","timestamp":1786161703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) confirmed by histopathology, molecular diagnostics and phylogenetic analysis of DNA from FFPE tissues"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Isabelle Dias","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Galesi","family":"Tallach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamile Macedo","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle Fernanda Pereira","family":"da Silva Gagliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica de Brito Ferreira","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Santos","family":"da Silva Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana Mello Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarice Ribeiro Roque","family":"de Assump\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Possatto Fernandes","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayara Grego","family":"Caiaffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Etlinger-Colonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Coelho Couto","family":"de Azevedo Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Jos\u00e9 Tadeu","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"11455_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9731-y","volume":"177","author":"APN Albano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albano APN, Klafke GB, Brandolt TM et al (2014) Wild animals as sentinels of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Mycopathologia 177:207\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-014-9731-y","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"11455_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702001000400007","volume":"5","author":"G Benard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benard G, Duarte AJ et al (2001) Paracoccidioidomycosis in urban patients without rural exposure. Braz J Infect Dis 5:211\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1413-86702001000400007","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"11455_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carneiro RC, Miranda BG, Camilo Neto C et al (2010) Juvenile paracoccidioidomycosis in urban area: report of two cases. Braz J Infect Dis 14:77\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1413-8670(10)70015-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(10)70015-5"},{"key":"11455_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-007-9051-7","volume":"164","author":"AC Corte","year":"2007","unstructured":"Corte AC, Svoboda WK, Navarro IT et al (2007) Paracoccidioidomycosis in wild monkeys from Parana state. Brazil Mycopathologia 164:225\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-007-9051-7","journal-title":"Brazil Mycopathologia"},{"key":"11455_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2021.101605","volume":"25","author":"ER da Cruz","year":"2021","unstructured":"da Cruz ER, Forno AD, Pacheco SA et al (2021) Intestinal paracoccidioidomycosis: case report and systematic review. Braz J Infect Dis 25:101605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjid.2021.101605","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"11455_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Souza Scramignon-Costa B, Almeida-Silva F, Wanke B et al (2021) Molecular eco-epidemiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in road-killed mammals reveals Cerdocyon thous and Cuniculus paca as new hosts harboring this fungal pathogen. PLoS ONE 16:e0256668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0256668","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256668"},{"key":"11455_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-011-9412-z","volume":"172","author":"MR de Farias","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Farias MR, Condas LA, Ribeiro MG et al (2011) Paracoccidioidomycosis in a dog: case report of generalized lymphadenomegaly. Mycopathologia 172:147\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-011-9412-z","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"11455_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200208","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760200208","volume":"115","author":"PM de Macedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Macedo PM, Scramignon-Costa BS, Almeida-Paes R et al (2020) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis habitat: far beyond armadillo burrows? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 115:e200208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0074-02760200208","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"11455_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2024.07.005","volume":"214","author":"ID de Oliveira","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Oliveira ID, Ferreira-Machado E, Garcia JM et al (2024) Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a captive western black-handed tamarin (Saguinus niger). J Comp Pathol 214:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2024.07.005","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"11455_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030562","volume":"11","author":"LBZ de Oliveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Oliveira LBZ, Della Coletta AM, Gardizani TP et al (2023) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Paracoccidioides species complex present in paracoccidioidomycosis patient tissue samples. Microorganisms 11:562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11030562","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"11455_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10030165","volume":"10","author":"LR Fabris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fabris LR, de Oliveira NG, Bortolomai BE et al (2024) The effect of geoclimatic factors on the distribution of paracoccidioidomycosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. J Fungi (Basel) 10:165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof10030165","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"11455_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.08.001","volume":"10","author":"MS Ferreira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferreira MS (2009) Paracoccidioidomycosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 10:161\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.08.001","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"11455_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992012000300003","volume":"18","author":"CM Kamikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamikawa CM, Kohara VS, Passos AN, Vicentini AP (2012) Retrospective seroepidemiological analysis of patients with suspicion of paracoccidioidomycosis in S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 18:264\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1678-91992012000300003","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"11455_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowenstine LJ, McManamon R, Terio KA (2018) Primates. In: Terio KA, McAloose D, St. Leger J (eds) Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 371\u2013412","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805306-5.00015-8"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"11455_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-81751999000600022","volume":"16","author":"FC Passos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Passos FC, Keuroghlian A (1999) Foraging behavior and microhabitats used by black lion tamarins, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Primates, Callitrichidae). Rev Bras Zool 16(Suppl 2):219\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0101-81751999000600022","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zool"},{"key":"11455_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8101098","volume":"8","author":"PM Pe\u00e7anha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pe\u00e7anha PM, Pe\u00e7anha-Pietrobom PM, Gr\u00e3o-Velloso TR et al (2022) Paracoccidioidomycosis: what we know and what is new in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Fungi (Basel) 8:1098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8101098","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"11455_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030169","volume":"7","author":"BG Pinheiro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinheiro BG, Possa AP, Della Terra PP et al (2021) A new duplex PCR-assay for the detection and identification of Paracoccidioides species. J Fungi (Basel) 7:169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7030169","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"11455_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030358","volume":"9","author":"BG Pinheiro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinheiro BG, Possa AP, Ricci G et al (2023) Development of a multiplex qPCR assay for fast detection and differentiation of paracoccidioidomycosis agents. J Fungi (Basel) 9:358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9030358","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"11455_CR19","first-page":"4","volume":"9","author":"VS Pinto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinto VS, Galesi VMN, Fukasava S, Vicentini AP (2012) Vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica da paracoccidioidomicose no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, 2008 a 2011. BEPA Bol Epidemiol Paul 9:4\u201315","journal-title":"BEPA Bol Epidemiol Paul"},{"key":"11455_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/1369378032000141417","volume":"42","author":"G Ricci","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ricci G, Mota FT, Wakamatsu A, Serafim RC, Borra RC, Franco M (2004) Canine paracoccidioidomycosis. Med Mycol 42:379\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369378032000141417","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"11455_CR21","unstructured":"Richter DL (2012) Fungal diseases. In: Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T (eds) Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Volume 2: Diseases, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 715\u2013731"},{"key":"11455_CR22","unstructured":"Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Paulo (2024) Institui a notifica\u00e7\u00e3o compuls\u00f3ria da paracoccidioidomicose no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo. Di\u00e1rio Oficial do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o SS n\u00ba 88, de 25 de outubro de 2024"},{"key":"11455_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-025-00351-5","volume":"12","author":"BM Valdovinos Zaputovich","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valdovinos Zaputovich BM, Giusiano G (2025) Histopathology of the Th2-mediated immune response in paracoccidioidomycosis. Curr Trop Med Rep 12:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40475-025-00351-5","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11455-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11455-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11455-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:54:12Z","timestamp":1789790052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11455-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["11455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11455-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-7380","1573-7446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7380","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This research does not require evaluation by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Adolfo Lutz Institute (CEUA\/IAL), since the scope of the study does not involve the manipulation of live animals belonging to the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata by the researcher, and is therefore outside the scope of Law No. 11,794\/2008.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"514"}}