{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:36:47Z","timestamp":1793104607434,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Federal De Santa Maria","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b78mz79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Interspecific equine pregnancies (mare x donkey) are associated with altered endocrine patterns and increased pregnancy loss; however, the relationship between hormonal dynamics, luteal activity, and uterine hemodynamics in relation to conceptus origin remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of conceptus origin on endocrine profiles, supplementary corpora lutea (SCL) formation, and uterine hemodynamics, and to investigate the relationships among these variables. Twenty mares were initially included; however, six were excluded due to pregnancy loss or incomplete follow-up, resulting in a final sample of 14 mares (six stallion-derived and eight donkey-derived pregnancies). Serum progesterone (P4), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), SCL number, and uterine artery Doppler indices, including pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI), were evaluated at Days 49, 63, 84, and 98 of gestation. Donkey-derived pregnancies showed significantly lower P4 and eCG concentrations, reduced SCL formation, and lower uterine PI and RI compared to stallion-derived pregnancies (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). While stallion-derived pregnancies remained relatively stable over time, donkey-derived pregnancies showed progressive declines in P4 and eCG concentrations, accompanied by reductions in uterine PI and RI. Positive correlations were observed between P4 and PI (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.846;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and between eCG and PI (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.733;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.015). All pregnancies were maintained to term. These findings indicate that conceptus origin is associated with distinct endocrine and uterine hemodynamic patterns, supporting integrated hormonal\u2013vascular adaptations in equine pregnancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11472-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T03:10:35Z","timestamp":1787627435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endocrine and uterine hemodynamic differences between intra- and interspecific equine pregnancies during early gestation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7604-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Guedes","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9320-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela Syllos","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9638-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Henrique H\u00fcmmelgen","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Bringel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6215-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert H.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Emerim","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0328-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio Cesar Ferraz","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2109-1346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rio Marques","family":"Portela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5932-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina dos Santos","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4866-5944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo Quites","family":"Antoniazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"11472_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0290313","volume":"29","author":"WR Allen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Allen WR, Moor RM (1992) The origin of the equine endometrial cups. I. Production of PMSG by fetal trophoblast cells. J Reprod Fertil 29(2):313\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/jrf.0.0290313","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"issue":"5","key":"11472_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a023123","volume":"88","author":"WR Allen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Allen WR, Short RV (1997) Interspecific and extraspecific pregnancies in equids: anything goes. J Hered 88(5):384\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a023123","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"11472_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1071\/rd01063","volume":"13","author":"WR Allen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Allen WR, Stewart F (2001) Equine placentation. Reprod Fertil Dev 13(7\u20138):623\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/rd01063","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"issue":"S3","key":"11472_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1985.tb04594.x","volume":"17","author":"WR Allen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Allen WR, Kydd J, Boyle MS, Antczak DF (1985) Between-species transfer of horse and donkey embryos: a valuable research tool. Equine Vet J 17(S3):53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1985.tb04594.x","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"1","key":"11472_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0980055","volume":"98","author":"WR Allen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Allen WR, Skidmore JA, Stewart F, Antczak DF (1993) Effects of fetal genotype and uterine environment on placental development in equids. J Reprod Fertil 98(1):55\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/jrf.0.0980055","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"11472_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.02.021","volume":"95","author":"MFA Balaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balaro MFA, Santos AS, Moura LFGM, Fonseca JF, Brand\u00e3o FZ (2017) Luteal dynamic and functionality assessment in dairy goats by luteal blood flow, luteal biometry, and hormonal assay. Theriogenology 95:118\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.02.021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"11472_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70108","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70108","volume":"60","author":"LA Barbosa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barbosa LA, Maran AP, Almeida MER, Guimar\u00e3es EC, Bringel B, Douglas RH, Lima TFG, Silva ESM (2025) Plasma estradiol and endometrial edema profile in acyclic mares after single administration of 17-\u03b2 estradiol, estradiol benzoate and estradiol cypionate. Reprod Domest Anim 60:e70108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.70108","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"issue":"12","key":"11472_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2005.10.007","volume":"25","author":"M Boeta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boeta M, Zarco L (2005) Progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotropin concentrations around the time of pregnancy loss in mares impregnated by donkeys or stallions. J Equine Vet Sci 25(12):531\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2005.10.007","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"11472_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.01.001","volume":"130","author":"M Boeta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boeta M, Zarco L (2012) Luteogenic and luteotropic effects of eCG during pregnancy in the mare. Anim Reprod Sci 130(1\u20132):57\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.01.001","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"11472_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/s0093-691x(03)00225-5","volume":"61","author":"H Bollwein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bollwein H, Weber F, Wosch\u00e9e I, Stolla R (2004) Transrectal Doppler sonography of uterine and umbilical blood flow during pregnancy in mares. Theriogenology 61(2\u20133):499\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0093-691x(03)00225-5","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11472_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.09.005","volume":"32","author":"H Bollwein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bollwein H, Heppelmann M, L\u00fcttgenau J (2016) Ultrasonographic Doppler use for female reproduction management. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 32(1):149\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.09.005","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"11472_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-06482-8.00016-8","volume-title":"Manual of Equine Reproduction","author":"SP Brinsko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brinsko SP, Blanchard TL, Varner DD, Schumacher J, Love CC, Hinrichs K et al (2011) Pregnancy: physiology and diagnosis. Manual of Equine Reproduction, 3th edn. Elsevier, Missouri, pp 85\u201393","edition":"3"},{"key":"11472_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2023.104695","volume":"125","author":"DG Campos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Campos DG, Ferreira CSC, Oliveira LFPS, Jacob JCF, Pinna AE (2023) US Doppler in the monitoring of hemodynamic alterations of the supplementary corpus luteum in cyclic mares. J Equine Vet Sci 125:104695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2023.104695","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"11472_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.08.014","volume":"35","author":"IF Canisso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Canisso IF, Panzani D, Mir\u00f3 J, Ellerbrock RE (2019) Key aspects of donkey and mule reproduction. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 35(3):607\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.08.014","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"11472_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05175","volume":"6","author":"A Carluccio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carluccio A, Bucci R, Fusi J, Robbe D, Veronesi MC (2020) Effect of age and reproductive status on reproductive indices in horse mares carrying mule pregnancies. Heliyon 6(10):e05175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05175","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"11472_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.049","volume":"86","author":"AJ Conley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conley AJ (2016) Review of the reproductive endocrinology of the pregnant and parturient mare. Theriogenology 86(1):355\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.049","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"11472_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.10.011","volume":"75","author":"J Cuervo-Arango","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cuervo-Arango J, Domingo-Ortiz R (2011) Systemic treatment with high dose of flunixin-meglumine is able to block ovulation in mares by inducing hemorrhage and luteinisation of follicles. Theriogenology 75:707\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.10.011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"11472_CR19","first-page":"575","volume":"188","author":"AC Enders","year":"1996","unstructured":"Enders AC, Meadows S, Stewart F, Allen WR (1996) Failure of endometrial cup development in the donkey-in-horse model of equine abortion. J Anat 188(Pt 3):575\u2013589. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8763475","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"11472_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040582","volume":"13","author":"D Fanelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fanelli D, Moroni R, Bocci C, Camillo F, Rota A, Panzani D (2023) Interspecific and intraspecific artificial insemination in domestic equids. Animals 13(4):582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13040582","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"6","key":"11472_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782011000600023","volume":"41","author":"JC Ferreira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferreira JC, Meira CD (2011) Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da ultrassonografia colorida Doppler em programas de transfer\u00eancia de embri\u00f5es equinos. Cienc Rural 41(6):1063\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0103-84782011000600023","journal-title":"Cienc Rural"},{"key":"11472_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13676","volume":"55","author":"CSC Ferreira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferreira CSC, Morais RDCL, Andrade ABP, Balaro MFA, Ribas JAS, Gomes GM et al (2020) Spectral Doppler ultrasound in selecting an equine embryo receiver. Reprod Dom Anim 55:747\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.13676","journal-title":"Reprod Dom Anim"},{"issue":"4","key":"11472_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12543","volume":"50","author":"LM Figueira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Figueira LM, Fonseca JF, Arashiro E, Souza-Fabjan J, Ribeiro A, Oba E et al (2015) Colour Doppler ultrasonography as a tool to assess luteal function in Santa In\u00eas ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 50(4):643\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.12543","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"11472_CR25","unstructured":"Ginther OJ (2007) Ultrasonic imaging and animal reproduction: color-Doppler ultrasonography. Equiservices Publishing, Cross Plains, 2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"11472_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.09.007","volume":"81","author":"OJ Ginther","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ginther OJ (2014) How ultrasound technologies have expanded and revolutionized research in reproduction in large animals. Theriogenology 81(1):112\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.09.007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"12","key":"11472_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2004.11.005","volume":"24","author":"OJ Ginther","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ginther OJ, Utt MD (2004) Doppler ultrasound in equine reproduction: principles, techniques, and potential. J Equine Vet Sci 24(12):516\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2004.11.005","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"11472_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.x","volume":"15","author":"DR Henneke","year":"1983","unstructured":"Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF (1983) Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares. Equine Vet J 15(4):371\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.x","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"8","key":"11472_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2017000800017","volume":"37","author":"SG Lemos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lemos SG, Campos DG, Ferreira CS, Balaro MF, Cunha LE, Pinna AE et al (2017) Uterine vascularization in mares bred to donkeys or stallions. Pesq Vet Bras 37(8):877\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0100-736X2017000800017","journal-title":"Pesq Vet Bras"},{"key":"11472_CR31","unstructured":"Meira CD, Ferreira JC, Silva ESM, Ign\u00e1cio FS (2018) Developmental aspects of early pregnancy in mares. Anim Reprod 9(3):166\u2013172. https:\/\/www.animal-reproduction.org\/journal\/animreprod\/article\/5b5a6055f7783717068b46d9"},{"issue":"3","key":"11472_CR33","first-page":"223","volume":"9","author":"BD Murphy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murphy BD (2018) Equine chorionic gonadotropin: an enigmatic but essential tool. Anim Reprod 9(3):223\u2013230. https:\/\/www.animal-reproduction.org\/article\/5b5a6057f7783717068b46e2","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"11472_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20250177","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20250177","volume":"56","author":"M Oliveira","year":"2026","unstructured":"Oliveira M, Campos IS, Campos DG, Ferreira CSC, Souza GN, Pinna AE et al (2026) Uterine artery doppler indices in mares carrying horse and donkey pregnancies. Cienc Rural 56(5):e20250177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0103-8478cr20250177","journal-title":"Cienc Rural"},{"key":"11472_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00446.x","volume":"41","author":"JC Ousey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ousey JC, K\u00f6lling M, Newton R, Wright M, Allen WR (2012) Uterine haemodynamics in young and aged pregnant mares measured using Doppler ultrasonography. Equine Vet J Suppl 41:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00446.x. -21.2","journal-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"11472_CR37","first-page":"140","volume":"41","author":"G Pugliesi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pugliesi G, Rezende RG, Silva JCB, Lopes E, Nishimura TK, Baruselli OS et al (2017) Uso da ultrassonografia Doppler em programas de IATF e TETF em bovinos. Rev Bras Reprod Anim 41(1):140\u2013150. https:\/\/busqueda.bvsalud.org\/portal\/resource\/pt\/biblio-1492453","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reprod Anim"},{"issue":"3","key":"11472_CR39","first-page":"339","volume":"3","author":"LA Silva","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silva LA, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Beg MA, Ginther OJ (2006) Relationship between vascularity of the preovulatory follicle and establishment of pregnancy in mares. Anim Reprod 3(3):339\u2013346. https:\/\/www.animal-reproduction.org\/journal\/animreprod\/article\/5b5a6080f7783717068b47cd","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"key":"11472_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103233","volume":"94","author":"ACB Teixeira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teixeira ACB, Valle GR, Riveros JAN, Diniz JHW, Wenceslau RR, Monteiro GA et al (2020) Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin on ovulatory and luteal characteristics of mares submitted to a P4-based protocol of ovulation induction with hCG. J Equine Vet Sci 94:103233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103233","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"11472_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.10.012","volume":"50","author":"C Urias-Castro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Urias-Castro C, Zarco L, Boeta AM (2017) The role of equine chorionic gonadotropin in the stimulation of luteal steroidogenesis in mares carrying horse or mule pregnancies. J Equine Vet Sci 50:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.10.012","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"11472_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9121053","volume":"9","author":"XM Vilanova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vilanova XM, De Briyne N, Beaver B, Turner PV (2019) Horse welfare during equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) production. Animals 9(12):1053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani9121053","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11472-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11472-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11472-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:05:27Z","timestamp":1793102727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11472-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-026-11472-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-7380","1573-7446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7380","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures involving animals were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (CEUA\/UFF; protocol no. 001\/19) and were conducted in accordance with institutional and national guidelines for animal care and use.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval\u00a0and animal welfare","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"527"}}