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Although nontuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly recognized as emerging pathogens in marine wildlife, documented cases in sea turtles remain limited, and coinfections involving mycobacteria and uncommon environmental fungi are rarely reported. Here, we describe a fatal multisystemic disease involving\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection,\n                    <jats:italic>Epicoccum<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.-associated coelomitis, and severe coccidial enteritis in an adult olive ridley sea turtle (\n                    <jats:italic>Lepidochelys olivacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) stranded in Southeastern Brazil. The turtle was admitted with marked emaciation, dehydration, and lethargy and died six days after admission despite supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. Necropsy revealed multiple disseminated granulomas over the serosal surfaces of the coelomic viscera, along with pneumonia, hepatitis, cystitis, orchitis, and severe enteritis. Histopathological examination demonstrated granulocytic coelomitis with abundant intralesional septate fungal hyphae, necrosis, and aggregates of unidentified bacterial bacilli. Severe coccidial enteritis associated with intralesional bacilli was also observed. Culture and molecular analyses identified\n                    <jats:italic>M. fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                    from tissue samples, while sequencing of fungal DNA recovered from fresh and formalin-fixed tissues identified\n                    <jats:italic>Epicoccum<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. These findings support a complex multisystemic disease process characterized by mycobacterial infection, opportunistic fungal coelomitis, and severe coccidial enteritis. Chronic debilitation and severe coccidial enteritis may have predisposed the turtle to systemic\n                    <jats:italic>M. fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, with\n                    <jats:italic>Epicoccum<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. subsequently acting as a secondary opportunistic invader. This case reinforces the pathogenic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>M. fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in free-ranging sea turtles and contributes to the growing recognition of nontuberculous mycobacteria as relevant pathogens in marine wildlife. In addition, the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Epicoccum<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. expands the known host range and pathological spectrum of this rarely reported opportunistic fungus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-026-11549-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:26:10Z","timestamp":1790655970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fatal coinfection by Mycobacterium fortuitum and Epicoccum sp. with concurrent severe coccidial enteritis in an olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daphne Wrobel","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3670-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Farias","family":"da N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5407-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Frederico R. 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The Campos and Esp\u00edrito Santo Basins Beach Monitoring Project \u2014 PMP-BC\/ES \u2014 is an environmental licensing requirement of the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources \u2014 IBAMA. The stranded turtle was handled exclusively for rehabilitation purposes. No invasive procedures or manipulations were performed to generate research data.All samples used in this study were collected as part of the PMP-BC\/ES, which is licensed by IBAMA, under the Ministry of the Environment, through authorization ABIO 861\/2017. The project operates in full compliance with the Brazilian Biodiversity Authorization and Information System requirements.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"605"}}