{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T08:06:03Z","timestamp":1775289963635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n, el Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico y la Innovaci\u00f3n , Argentina","award":["PICT2016-0698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2016-0698"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virus Genes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-026-02223-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T09:14:19Z","timestamp":1772097259000},"page":"259-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of seronegative occult hepatitis C infection in blood donors and hospital patients from Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Yamila","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly Alejandra","family":"Ram\u00edrez Ladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Outon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Mar\u00eda","family":"Delfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2223_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1086\/380202","volume":"189","author":"I Castillo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Castillo I, Pardo M, Bartolom\u00e9 J, Ortiz-Movilla N, Rodr\u00edguez-I\u00f1igo E, de Lucas S, Salas C, Jim\u00e9nez-Heffernan JA, P\u00e9rez-Mota A, Graus J, L\u00f3pez-Alcorocho JM, Carre\u00f1o V (2004) Occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients in whom the etiology of persistently abnormal results of liver-function tests is unknown. J Infect Dis 189(1):7\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/380202","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2223_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16006","volume":"60","author":"T An","year":"2020","unstructured":"An T, Dean M, Flower R, Tatzenko T, Chan HT, Kiely P, Faddy HM (2020) Understanding occult hepatitis C infection. Transfusion 60(9):2144\u20132152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.16006","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"2223_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v12.i3.179","volume":"12","author":"DS Mbaga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mbaga DS, Kenmoe S, Biko\u00ef JN, Takuissu GR, Amougou-Atsama M, Okobalemba EA, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Bowo-Ngandji A, Oyono MG, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kame-Ngasse GI, Nka AD, Feudjio AF, Zemnou-Tepap C, Velhima EA, Ondigui JLN, Nayang-Mundo RA, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Takeu YK, Taya-Fokou JB, Essama SHR (2022) Global prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Methodol 12(3):179\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5662\/wjm.v12.i3.179","journal-title":"World J Methodol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2223_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.11.008","volume":"15","author":"JLN Ondigui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ondigui JLN, Kenmoe S, Kengne-Nd\u00e9 C, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Takuissu GR, Kenfack-Momo R, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Fogang RL, Menkem EZ, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Goumkwa NM, Esemu SN, Ndip L, Essama SHR, Torimiro J (2022) Epidemiology of occult hepatitis B and C in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 15(12):1436\u20131445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.11.008","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2223_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21483","volume":"81","author":"I Castillo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Castillo I, Bartolom\u00e9 J, Quiroga JA, Barril G, Carre\u00f1o V (2009) Hepatitis C virus infection in the family setting of patients with occult hepatitis C. J Med Virol 81(7):1198\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21483","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2223_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01464.x","volume":"18","author":"MC Roque-Cu\u00e9llar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roque-Cu\u00e9llar MC, S\u00e1nchez B, Garc\u00eda-Lozano JR, Praena-Fern\u00e1ndez JM, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Rold\u00e1n A, Aguilar-Reina J (2011) Cellular immune responses and occult infection in seronegative heterosexual partners of chronic hepatitis C patients. J Viral Hepat 18(10):e541\u2013e549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01464.x","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"10","key":"2223_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205659","volume":"13","author":"ML Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez ML, Uribe-Noguez LA, Arroyo-Anduiza CI, Mata-Marin JA, Benitez-Arvizu G, Portillo-L\u00f3pez ML, Oca\u00f1a-Mondrag\u00f3n A (2018) Prevalence and risk factors of occult hepatitis C infections in blood donors from Mexico City. PLoS ONE 13(10):e0205659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0205659","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"2223_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13645","volume":"56","author":"JA Quiroga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quiroga JA, Avell\u00f3n A, Bartolom\u00e9 J, Andr\u00e9u M, Flores E, Gonz\u00e1lez MI, Gonz\u00e1lez R, P\u00e9rez S, Richart LA, Castillo I, Alcover J, Palacios R, Carre\u00f1o V, Echevarr\u00eda JM (2016) Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core-specific antibody suggests occult HCV infection among blood donors. Transfusion 56(7):1883\u20131890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.13645","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"4","key":"2223_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000455854","volume":"59","author":"H Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin H, Chen X, Zhu S, Mao P, Zhu S, Liu Y, Huang C, Sun J, Zhu J (2016) Prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Jiangsu, China. Intervirology 59(4):204\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000455854","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"2223_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12816\/0036803","volume":"25","author":"OM Eldaly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eldaly OM, Elbehedy EM, Fakhr A, Lotfy A (2016) Prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus in blood donors in Zagazig city blood banks. Egypt J Med Microbiol. 25:1\u20138","journal-title":"Egypt J Med Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2223_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v11.i1.109","volume":"11","author":"LHBC Sette","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sette LHBC, Lopes EPA, Guedes Dos Anjos NC, Valente LM, Vieira de Oliveira SA, Lucena-Silva N (2019) High prevalence of occult hepatitis C infection in predialysis patients. World J Hepatol 11(1):109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v11.i1.109","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2223_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890470118","volume":"47","author":"JR Oubi\u00f1a","year":"1995","unstructured":"Oubi\u00f1a JR, Quarleri JF, Rudzinski M, Parks C, Bad\u00eda I, Gonz\u00e1lez Cappa SM (1995) Genomic characterization of hepatitis C virus isolates from Argentina. J Med Virol 47(1):97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.1890470118","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2223_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/339237a0","volume":"339","author":"S Kwok","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kwok S, Higuchi R (1989) Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 339:237\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/339237a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2223_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","volume":"35","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547\u20131549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2223_CR15","first-page":"37","volume":"226","author":"L Gatserelia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gatserelia L, Sharvadze L, Karchava M, Dolmazashvili E, Tsertsvadze T (2014) Occurrence of occult HCV infection among HIV infected patients in Georgia. Georgian Med News 226:37\u201341 (PMID: 24523330)","journal-title":"Georgian Med News"},{"issue":"11","key":"2223_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24474","volume":"88","author":"F Bokharaei-Salim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bokharaei-Salim F, Keyvani H, Esghaei M, Zare-Karizi S, Dermenaki-Farahani SS, Hesami-Zadeh K, Fakhim S (2016) Prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in the Iranian patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Med Virol 88(11):1960\u20131966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.24474","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2223_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04353-3","volume":"164","author":"T Donyavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donyavi T, Bokharaei-Salim F, Khanaliha K, Sheikh M, Bastani MN, Moradi N, Babaei R, Habib Z, Fakhim A, Esghaei M (2019) High prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users with HIV infection. Arch Virol 164(10):2493\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-019-04353-3","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2223_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043541","volume":"7","author":"L De Marco","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Marco L, Manzini P, Trevisan M, Gillio-Tos A, Danielle F, Balloco C, Pizzi A, De Filippo E, D\u2019Antico S, Violante B, Valfr\u00e8 A, Curti F, Merletti F, Richiardi L (2012) Prevalence and follow-up of occult HCV infection in an Italian population free of clinically detectable infectious liver disease. PLoS ONE 7(8):e43541","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2223_CR19","first-page":"287","volume":"75","author":"RD Ru\u00edz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ru\u00edz RD, B\u00edsaro LB, German JC, Grutadauria S (2010) Distribution of genotypes of hepatitis C in the city of C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 75(3):287\u2013292","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"issue":"4","key":"2223_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-021-01850-z","volume":"57","author":"CM Delfino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delfino CM, Giorgio M, Garc\u00eda G, Puch SS, Outon E, Mathet VL (2021) Drug-resistant and immune-escape hepatitis B virus mutants, occult hepatitis B infection and coinfections in public hospital patients from Argentina. Virus Genes 57(4):327\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11262-021-01850-z","journal-title":"Virus Genes"}],"container-title":["Virus Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02223-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02223-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02223-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T07:26:38Z","timestamp":1775287598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02223-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02223-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-8569","1572-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.\n                      Ethical approval\n                      This study was reviewed and approved by the biomedical research ethics committee of the \u201cAlberto C. Taquini\u201d Institute for Translational Medicine \u2013 Faculty of Medicine \u2013 University of Buenos Aires (UBA), in compliance with all federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All individuals signed the informed consent form and agreed to participate in a survey to collect epidemiological data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}