{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:19:54Z","timestamp":1792783194125,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Project for Teaching Hospital of Wannan Medical College","award":["WK2023JXYY049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WK2023JXYY049"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037ejjy86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang province","award":["2025KY1545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KY1545"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan for Disease Prevention and Control","award":["2026JKY256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026JKY256"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virus Genes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-026-02261-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:32:29Z","timestamp":1785216749000},"page":"596-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relationship between mutations in reverse transcriptase region of hepatitis B virus and progression of liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuchu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","volume":"136","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F (2015) Int J Cancer 136:E359\u2013E386","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2261_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-S4-05","volume":"15","author":"AP Venook","year":"2010","unstructured":"Venook AP, Papandreou C, Furuse J, de Guevara LL (2010) The incidence and epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: a global and regional perspective. Oncologist 15(Suppl 4):5\u201313","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2261_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29922","volume":"68","author":"L Xie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xie L, Yin J, Xia R, Zhuang G (2018) Cost-effectiveness of antiviral treatment after resection in hepatitis B virus\u2013related hepatocellular carcinoma patients with compensated cirrhosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD) 68:1476\u20131486","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"},{"key":"2261_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i1.126","volume":"22","author":"ZH Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang ZH, Wu CC, Chen XW, Li X, Li J, Lu MJ (2016) Genetic variation of hepatitis B virus and its significance for pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 22:126\u2013144","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2261_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.9.4398","volume":"93","author":"MA Nowak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nowak MA, Bonhoeffer S, Hill AM, Boehme R, Thomas HC, McDade H (1996) Viral dynamics in hepatitis B virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:4398\u20134402","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2261_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593-1608.e1591","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.063","volume":"137","author":"F Zoulim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zoulim F, Locarnini S (2009) Gastroenterology 137:1593-1608.e1591\u20131592","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2261_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01360.x","volume":"18","author":"Y Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang C, Zhong Y, Li X, Dai J, Ren X, Xu Z, Li L, Yao Z, Ji D, Wang L, Zhang L, Wong VW, Zoulim F, Xu D (2011) Genotypic resistance profile of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a large cohort of nucleos (t) ide analogue\u2010experienced Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection. J Viral Hepatitis 18:e29-39","journal-title":"J Viral Hepatitis"},{"key":"2261_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.8020","volume":"10","author":"F Qian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qian F, Qin J, Li D, Ma Z, Zhang H, Jin F, Wang W (2016) J Infect Dev Ctries 10:996\u20131002","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2261_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2813","volume":"20","author":"X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li X, Liu Y, Zhao P, Wang Y, Chen L, Xin S, Zhang XX, Xu D (2015) Investigation into drug-resistant mutations of HBV from 845 nucleoside\/nucleotide analogue-naive Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection. Antivir Ther 20:141\u2013147","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2261_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.12.006","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Wu J, Sun L, Liu G, Li B, Zheng Y, Li X, Tao J (2016) Prevalence of mutations in HBV DNA polymerase gene associated with nucleos (t) ide resistance in treatment-naive patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Central China. Brazilian J Infect Diseases 20:173\u2013178","journal-title":"Brazilian J Infect Diseases"},{"key":"2261_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00119-19","volume":"57","author":"Y Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zeng Y, Chen T, Chen H, Lin N, Lin J, Liu X, Huang E, Wu S, Wu S, Xu S, Wang L, Ou Q (2019) Characterization and clinical significance of natural variability in hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase in treatment-naive Chinese patients by Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 57:10","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2261_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S135420","volume":"10","author":"SR Pacheco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pacheco SR, Dos Santos M, Stocker A, Zarife MAS, Schinoni MI, Paran\u00e1 R, Dos Reis MG, Silva LK (2017) Genotyping of HBV and tracking of resistance mutations in treatment-na\u00efve patients with chronic hepatitis B. Infection and Drug Resistance 10:201\u2013207","journal-title":"Infection and Drug Resistance"},{"key":"2261_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S249476","volume":"13","author":"F Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian F, Zou W, Jin F, Li D, Shen Y (2020) Prevalence of potential resistance related variants among Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients not receiving nucleos (t) ide analogues. Infect Drug Resistance 13:2407\u20132416","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resistance"},{"key":"2261_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050862","volume":"13","author":"YT Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin YT, Jeng LB, Chan WL, Su IJ, Teng CF (2021) Hepatitis B virus Pre-S gene deletions and Pre-S deleted proteins: clinical and molecular implications in hepatocellular carcinoma. Viruses 13:862","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2261_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1334-1","volume":"52","author":"AY Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang AY, Lai CL, Huang FY, Seto WK, Fung J, Wong DK, Yuen MF (2017) Deep sequencing analysis of quasispecies in the HBV pre-S region and its association with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 52:1064\u20131074","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2261_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2018.12.006","volume":"18","author":"SY Hosseini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hosseini SY, Sanaei N, Fattahi MR, Malek-Hosseini SA, Sarvari J (2019) Association of HBsAg mutation patterns with hepatitis B infection outcome: asymptomatic carriers versus HCC\/cirrhotic patients. Ann Hepatol 18:640\u2013645","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2261_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00355","volume":"8","author":"AA Al-Qahtani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Qahtani AA, Al-Anazi MR, Nazir N, Abdo AA, Sanai FM, Al-Hamoudi WK, Alswat KA, Al-Ashgar HI, Khan MQ, Albenmousa A, El-Shamy A, Alanazi SK, Dela CD, Bohol MFF, Al-Ahdal MN (2018) Association of HBsAg mutation patterns with hepatitis B infection outcome: asymptomatic carriers versus HCC\/cirrhotic patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:355","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2261_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30111","volume":"69","author":"S Hayashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hayashi S, Khan A, Simons BC, Homan C, Matsui T, Ogawa K, Kawashima K, Murakami S, Takahashi S, Isogawa M, Ikeo K, Mizokami M, McMahon BJ, Tanaka Y (2019) An association between core mutations in hepatitis B virus genotype F1b and hepatocellular carcinoma in Alaskan native people. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD) 69:19\u201333","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"},{"key":"2261_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12747","volume":"24","author":"ZI Siddiqui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siddiqui ZI, Farooqui SR, Azam SA, Afroz M, Wajid S, Parveen S, Kazim SN (2017) A comparative study of hepatitis B virus X protein mutants K130M, V131I and KV 130\/131 MI to investigate their roles in fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepatitis 24:1121\u20131131","journal-title":"J Viral Hepatitis"},{"issue":"906","key":"2261_CR20","first-page":"e901","volume":"25","author":"R Salpini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salpini R, Surdo M, Cortese MF, Palumbo GA, Carioti L, Cappiello G, Span\u00f2 A, Trimoulet P, Fleury H, Vecchiet J, Pasquazzi C, Mirabelli C, Scutari R, Sacco A, Alkhatib M, Missale G, Francioso S, Sarmati L, Andreoni M, Angelico M, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Levrero M, Perno CF, Belloni L, Svicher V (2019) The novel HBx mutation F30V correlates with hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo, reduces hepatitis B virus replicative efficiency and enhances anti-apoptotic activity of HBx N terminus in vitro. Clin Microbiol Infect 25(906):e901-906.e907","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2261_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110012","volume":"9","author":"S Datta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Datta S, Ghosh A, Dasgupta D, Ghosh A, Roychoudhury S, Roy G, Das S, Das K, Gupta S, Basu K, Basu A, Datta S, Chowdhury A, Banerjee S (2014) Novel point and combo-mutations in the genome of hepatitis B virus-genotype D: characterization and impact on liver disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS ONE 9:e110012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2261_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094864","volume":"9","author":"Y Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu Y, Gan Y, Gao F, Zhao Z, Jin Y, Zhu Y, Sun Z, Wu H, Chen T, Wang J, Sun Y, Fan C, Xiang Y, Qian G, Groopman JD, Gu J, Tu H (2014) Novel natural mutations in the hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase domain associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS ONE 9:e94864","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2261_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4222","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i23.4222","volume":"23","author":"JE Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim JE, Lee SY, Kim H, Kim KJ, Choe WH, Kim BJ (2017) Naturally occurring mutations in the reverse transcriptase region of hepatitis B virus polymerase from treatment-na\u00efve Korean patients infected with genotype C2. World J Gastroenterol 23:4222\u20134232","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2261_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/63998","volume":"26","author":"B Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu B, Wang T, Wei X, Zhuo Y, Liu A, Zhang G (2017) Adv Clin Exp Med 26:1123\u20131129","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2261_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01275-y","volume":"14","author":"S Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang S, Cui F (2025) Global progress, challenges and strategies in eliminating public threat of viral hepatitis. Infect Dis Poverty 14:9","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"2261_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1159\/000509424","volume":"9","author":"J Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou J, Sun H, Wang Z, Cong W, Wang J, Zeng M, Zhou W, Bie P, Liu L, Wen T, Han G, Wang M, Liu R, Lu L, Ren Z, Chen M, Zeng Z, Liang P, Liang C, Chen M, Yan F, Wang W, Ji Y, Yun J, Cai D, Chen Y, Cheng W, Cheng S, Dai C, Guo W, Hua B, Huang X, Jia W, Li Y, Li Y, Liang J, Liu T, Lv G, Mao Y, Peng T, Ren W, Shi H, Shi G, Tao K, Wang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Xiang B, Xing B, Xu J, Yang J, Yang J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Ye S, Yin Z, Zhang B, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Zheng H, Zhu J, Zhu K, Liu R, Shi Y, Xiao Y, Dai Z, Teng G, Cai J, Wang W, Cai X, Li Q, Shen F, Qin S, Dong J, Fan J (2020) Liver Cancer 9:682\u2013720","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"2261_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1835446","volume":"9","author":"Y Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu Y, Wu S, Hu Y, Chen T, Zeng Y, Liu C, Ou Q (2020) Mutational characterization of HBV reverse transcriptase gene and the genotype-phenotype correlation of antiviral resistance among Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients. Emerg Microbes Infect 9:2381\u20132393","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2261_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104579","volume":"170","author":"D Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo D, Liu Y, Chen R, Niu M, Liu L, Li X, Li Q, Huang B, Wang J, Xu D, Lin S (2019) Investigation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) rtS78T\/sC69* mutation in a large cohort of chronic HBV-infected patients with nucleoside\/nucleotide analogue treatment. Antiviral Res 170:104579","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2261_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.006","volume":"70","author":"ES Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park ES, Lee AR, Kim DH, Lee JH, Yoo JJ, Ahn SH, Sim H, Park S, Kang HS, Won J, Ha YN, Shin GC, Kwon SY, Park YK, Choi BS, Lee YB, Jeong N, An Y, Ju YS, Yu SJ, Chae HB, Yu KS, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Zoulim F, Kim KH (2019) Identification of a quadruple mutation that confers tenofovir resistance in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 70:1093\u20131102","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2261_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02859.x","volume":"32","author":"J Zheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zheng J, Zeng Z, Zhang D, Yu Y, Wang F, Pan CQ (2012) Prevalence and significance of Hepatitis B reverse transcriptase mutants in different disease stages of untreated patients. Liver Int 32:1535\u20131542","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2261_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2515","volume":"20","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"2014","unstructured":"Czaja AJ (2014) Hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 20:2515\u20132532","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2261_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16489","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16489","volume":"5","author":"J Wen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wen J, Song C, Jiang D, Jin T, Dai J, Zhu L, An J, Liu Y, Ma S, Qin N, Liang C, Chen J, Jiang Y, Yang L, Liu J, Liu L, Geng T, Chen C, Jiang J, Chen J, Zhu F, Zhu Y, Yu L, Shen H, Zhai X, Xu J, Hu Z (2015) Sci Rep 5:16489","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2261_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i24.3861","volume":"19","author":"JH Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang JH, Zhang H, Chen XB, Chen G, Wang X (2013) Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus genotype with spontaneous YMDD mutations. World J Gastroenterol 19:3861\u20133865","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2261_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.11.036","volume":"12","author":"P Vutien","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vutien P, Trinh HN, Garcia RT, Nguyen HA, Levitt BS, Nguyen K, da Silveira E, Daugherty T, Ahmed A, Garcia G, Lutchman GA, Nguyen MH (2014) Mutations in HBV DNA polymerase associated with nucleos (t) ide resistance are rare in treatment-naive patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:1363\u20131370","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2261_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13025","volume":"26","author":"S Chevaliez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chevaliez S, Rodriguez C, Poiteau L, Soulier A, Donati F, Darty-Mercier M, Pioche C, Leroy V, Brodard V, Zoulim F, Brouard C, Larsen C, Semaille C, Roudot-Thoraval F, Pawlotsky JM (2019) Primary resistance of hepatitis B virus to nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. J Viral Hepatitis 26:278\u2013286","journal-title":"J Viral Hepatitis"},{"key":"2261_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i7.2089","volume":"21","author":"YW Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan YW, Ye Y, Ge GH, Zhao W, Gan JH, Zhao Y, Niu ZL, Zhang DJ, Chen L, Yu XJ, Yang LJ (2015) Natural YMDD-motif mutants affect clinical course of lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 21:2089\u20132095","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2261_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S149992","volume":"10","author":"F Qian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qian F, Zou W, Qin J, Li D (2017) Naturally occurring genotypic drug-resistant mutations of HBV in Huzhou, China: a single-center study. Infect Drug Resistance 10:507\u2013509","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resistance"},{"key":"2261_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.12.006","volume":"85","author":"BM Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu BM, Li T, Xu J, Li XG, Dong JP, Yan P, Yang JX, Yan L, Gao ZY, Li WP, Sun XW, Wang YH, Jiao XJ, Hou CS, Zhuang H (2010) Characterization of potential antiviral resistance mutations in hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase sequences in treatment-naive Chinese patients. Antivir Res 85:512\u2013519","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"key":"2261_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350400900203","volume":"9","author":"A Bartholomeusz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bartholomeusz A, Tehan BG, Chalmers DK (2004) Comparisons of the HBV and HIV polymerase, and antiviral resistance mutations. Antivir Ther 9:149\u2013160","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2261_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1086\/315094","volume":"180","author":"Y Ogura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ogura Y, Kurosaki M, Asahina Y, Enomoto N, Marumo F, Sato C (1999) Prevalence and significance of naturally occurring mutations in the surface and polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus. J Infect Dis 180:1444\u20131451","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2261_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24530","volume":"36","author":"X Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai X, Chen W, Wu Y, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Xu X, Fu Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhang Y (2022) Effect of mutations across reverse transcriptase region on HBV replication and progression of liver diseases in Chinese patients. J Clin Lab Anal 36:e24530","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2261_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23895","volume":"86","author":"J Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang J, Chen X, Zhang H, Chen G (2014) HBV genotype C strains with spontaneous YMDD mutations may be a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 86:913\u2013917","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2261_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6362","volume":"15","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Jia J, Wang M, Wang H, Gu X, Fang M, Gao C (2017) Mol Med Rep 15:3292\u20133300","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2261_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070169","volume":"8","author":"CJ Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang CJ, Wu CF, Lan CY, Sung FY, Lin CL, Liu CJ, Liu HF, Yu MW (2013) Impact of genetic heterogeneity in polymerase of hepatitis B virus on dynamics of viral load and hepatitis B progression. PLoS ONE 8:e70169","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2261_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0189730","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189730","volume":"12","author":"F Yin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yin F, Xie Y, Fan H, Zhang J, Guo Z (2017) Mutations in hepatitis B virus polymerase are associated with the postoperative survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. PLoS ONE 12:e0189730","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2261_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3170","volume":"23","author":"KH Xiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiang KH, Zhao CY, Wang S, Li Y, Su MZ, Wang QY, Xu XZ, Deng J, Zhuang H, Li T (2018) Impacts of HBV rtH55R polymerase substitution on viral replication and rtM204I\/V resistance to nucleoside\/nucleotide antiviral drugs. Antivir Ther 23:33\u201342","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2261_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020282","volume":"10","author":"JC Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim JC, Lee HY, Lee AR, Dezhbord M, Lee DR, Kim SH, Won J, Park S, Kim NY, Shin JJ, Kim SG, Kim YS, Yoo JJ, Kim KH (2022) Identification and characterization of besifovir-resistant hepatitis B virus isolated from a chronic hepatitis B patient. Biomedicines 10:282","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2261_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13618","volume":"51","author":"F Suzuki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suzuki F, Sezaki H, Hosaka T, Suzuki Y, Fujiyama S, Kawamura Y, Akuta N, Kobayashi M, Saitoh S, Arase Y, Ikeda K, Kobayashi M, Mineta R, Suzuki Y, Kumada H (2021) Virologic analysis of tenofovir resistance in a patient with chronic hepatitis B experiencing viral breakthrough during combination treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir. Hepatol Res 51:503\u2013508","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"2261_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-0972-0","volume":"15","author":"ML Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang ML, Wu DB, Tao YC, Chen LL, Liu CP, Chen EQ, Tang H (2018) The truncated mutant HBsAg expression increases the tumorigenesis of hepatitis B virus by regulating TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway. Virol J 15:61","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"2261_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01735","volume":"10","author":"SY Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee SY, Choi YM, Oh SJ, Yang SB, Lee J, Choe WH, Kook YH, Kim BJ (2019) Front Immunol 10:1735","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2261_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6366","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176366","volume":"21","author":"MW Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai MW, Liang KH, Yeh CT (2020) Hepatitis B virus preS\/S truncation mutant rtM204I\/sW196* increases carcinogenesis through deregulated HIF1A, MGST2, and TGFbi. Int J Mol Sci 21:6366","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Virus Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02261-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02261-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02261-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:03:49Z","timestamp":1790352229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02261-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11262-026-02261-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-8569","1572-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Huzhou Central Hospital (approval number: 20201107-02).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Patient consent was waived because this study used residual anonymized clinical samples and recorded data with no risk of exposing patient privacy.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}