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The obtained data revealed a total occurrence of 9.4% (30\/317) of\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0among the examined birds (chickens, ducks, quails, and turkeys). The incidence rate was influenced by avian species, climate, breed, age, clinical signs, and sample type. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all isolates were sensitive to florfenicol and enrofloxacin, while 86.6 and 73.3% of the isolates displayed resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and erythromycin, respectively. All of the\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0isolates showed a multiple-drug resistant pattern with an average index of 0.43. Molecular characterization revealed that the\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>oma87, sodA,<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0and\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>ptfA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0virulence genes were detected in the all examined\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0isolates. The\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>ermX<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0(erythromycin),\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>blaROB-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0(\u03b2-lactam), and\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (colistin) resistance genes were present in 60, 46.6, and 40% of the isolates, respectively. Ducks and quails were the most virulent and harbored species of antimicrobial-resistant genes. These results were in parallel with postmortem and histopathological examinations which detected more severe interstitial pneumonia lesions in the trachea and lung, congestion, and cellular infiltration especially in ducks. Epidemiological mapping revealed that the Fakous district was the most susceptible to pasteurellosis infection. Thus, farmers are recommended to monitor their flocks for signs of respiratory disease, seek veterinary care promptly if any birds are sick, and avoid the random usage of antibiotics. In conclusion, this study presents a comprehensive picture of the risk factors in correlation to the pathognomonic characteristics of\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in poultry sectors to help in developing more effective strategies for prevention and control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03774-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T04:25:48Z","timestamp":1696825548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pathognomonic features of Pasteurella multocida isolates among various avian species in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0825-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azza S.","family":"El-Demerdash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab E.","family":"Mowafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan A.","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Matter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3774_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.1006-1014","volume":"11","author":"AM Abbas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbas AM, Abd El-Moaty DAM, Zaki ESA et al (2018) Use of molecular biology tools for rapid identification and characterization of Pasteurella spp. Vet World 11:1006","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"3774_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.11.007","volume":"62","author":"MI Abd El-Hamid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Sayed ME, Ali AR et al (2019) Marjoram extract down-regulates the expression of Pasteurella multocida adhesion, colonization and toxin genes: a potential mechanism for its antimicrobial activity. 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