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In recent years, exposure of bacteria to sub-MICs of antibiotics has led to the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, three bacterial species from the Enterobacteriaceae family (<jats:italic>Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pantoea agglomerans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella quasivariicola<\/jats:italic>) were isolated from water. The antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria to 16 antibiotics was then investigated. The effects of sub-MICs of four selected antibiotics (kanamycin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin) on the growth, biofilm formation, surface polysaccharide production, siderophore production, morphology, and expression of the translational\/transcriptional regulatory transformer gene <jats:italic>rfaH<\/jats:italic> of these bacteria were analysed. The MICs of kanamycin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin were determined to be 1, 2, 0.03 and 0.03\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for <jats:italic>R. ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic>; 0.6, 6, 0.03 and 0.05\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for <jats:italic>P. agglomerans<\/jats:italic>; and 2, 5, 0.04 and 0.2\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for <jats:italic>K. quasivariicola<\/jats:italic>. The growth kinetics and biofilm formation ability decreased for all three isolates at sub-MICs. The surface polysaccharides of <jats:italic>R. ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. agglomerans<\/jats:italic> increased at sub-MICs. There was no significant change in the siderophore activities of the bacterial isolates, with the exception of MIC\/2 meropenem in <jats:italic>R. ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic> and MIC\/2 kanamycin in <jats:italic>K. quasivariicola<\/jats:italic>. It was observed that the sub-MICs of meropenem and ciprofloxacin caused significant changes in bacterial morphology. In addition, the expression of <jats:italic>rfaH<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>R. ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>K. quasivariicola<\/jats:italic> increased with the sub-MICs of the selected antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03877-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T08:02:23Z","timestamp":1705651343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the in vitro effects of concentrations of antibiotics on three Enterobacteriaceae isolates"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-2874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eda","family":"Delik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9099-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berfin","family":"Ero\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1690-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu Emine","family":"Tefon-\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3877_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14202\/IJOH.2021.1-5","volume":"7","author":"WA Abd El-Ghany","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abd El-Ghany WA (2021) A spotlight on Raoultella ornithinolytica: a newly emerging life-threatening zoonotic pathogen. 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