{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:48:59Z","timestamp":1786981739317,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Award No. IF190734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Award No. IF190734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Microbiol Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-025-04362-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T21:29:01Z","timestamp":1746134941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Whole genome sequencing based prediction of antimicrobial resistance evolution among the predominant bacterial pathogens of diabetic foot ulcer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Vipina Vinod","family":"T. N.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjusha","family":"Premnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos V.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimmy","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyothis","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. K.","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4362_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01511-2","author":"N Aboelnaga","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aboelnaga N, Elsayed SW, Abdelsalam NA, Salem S, Saif NA, Elsayed M, Ayman S, Nasr M, Elhadidy M (2024) Deciphering the dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation: from molecular signaling to nanotherapeutic advances. Cell Communication Signal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-024-01511-2","journal-title":"Cell Communication Signal"},{"key":"4362_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106936","volume":"196","author":"HJ Adhyaru","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adhyaru HJ, Mangroliya DB, Bhalu AB, Kabariya JH, Ramani VM (2024) Genomic insights into prevalence of virulence and multi drug resistance genes in milk borne Klebsiella pnuemoniae: face of emerging resistance to last resort antibiotics. Microb Pathog 196:106936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106936","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"4362_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158278","author":"AC Afonso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afonso AC, Oliveira D, Saavedra MJ, Borges A, Sim\u00f5es M (2021) Biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers: impact, risk factors and control strategies. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22158278","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4362_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-01818-x","author":"MSH Akash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akash MSH, Rehman K, Fiayyaz F, Sabir S, Khurshid M (2020) Diabetes-associated infections: development of antimicrobial resistance and possible treatment strategies. Arch Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-020-01818-x","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"4362_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alcock BP, Raphenya AR, Lau TTY, Tsang KK, Bouchard M, Edalatmand A, Huynh W, Nguyen ALV, Cheng AA, Liu S, Min SY, Miroshnichenko A, Tran HK, Werfalli RE, Nasir JA, Oloni M, Speicher DJ, Florescu A, Singh B, Faltyn M, Hernandez-Koutoucheva A, Sharma AN, Bordeleau E, Pawlowski AC, Zubyk HL, Dooley D, Griffiths E, Maguire F, Winsor GL, Beiko RG, Brinkman FSL, Hsiao WWL, Domselaar GV, McArthur AG (2020) CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res 48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz935","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935"},{"key":"4362_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-024-02438-3","author":"F Alenazi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alenazi F, Khan MS (2025) Novel antimicrobial strategies for diabetic foot infections: addressing challenges and resistance. Acta Diabetol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-024-02438-3","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"4362_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aljarad MR, Kouidhi B, Ayed L, Alghamdi M, Altayeb HN, Chaieb K (2023) Process optimization of malachite green degradation by mixed biofilm positive bacteria: application of Box\u2013Behnken designs, RSM and whole genome sequences analysis. Biochem Eng J 199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bej.2023.109058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2023.109058"},{"key":"4362_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6030950","author":"MJ Aman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aman MJ, Adhikari RP (2014) Staphylococcal bicomponent pore-forming toxins: targets for prophylaxis and immunotherapy. Toxins (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins6030950","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"4362_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anderson M, Chen YH, Butler EK, Missiakas DM (2011) EsaD, a secretion factor for the Ess pathway in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.01096-10","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01096-10"},{"key":"4362_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816513.ch39","volume-title":"Gram-Positive pathogens","author":"S Arvidson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arvidson S (2006) Extracellular enzymes. Gram-Positive pathogens. Wiley, Ltd, pp 478\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/9781555816513.ch39"},{"key":"4362_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aziz RK, Bartels D, Best A, DeJongh M, Disz T, Edwards RA, Formsma K, Gerdes S, Glass EM, Kubal M, Meyer F, Olsen GJ, Olson R, Osterman AL, Overbeek RA, McNeil LK, Paarmann D, Paczian T, Parrello B, Pusch GD, Reich C, Stevens R, Vassieva O, Vonstein V, Wilke A, Zagnitko O (2008) The RAST server: rapid annotations using subsystems technology. BMC Genomics 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75"},{"key":"4362_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai X, Xu Y, Shen Y, Guo N (2022) TMT proteomic analysis for molecular mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus in response to freezing stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-022-11927-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11927-w"},{"key":"4362_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-02012-9","author":"B Balan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balan B, Dhaulaniya AS, Varma DA, Sodhi KK, Kumar M, Tiwari M, Singh DK (2021) Microbial biofilm ecology, in Silico study of quorum sensing receptor-ligand interactions and biofilm mediated bioremediation. Arch Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-020-02012-9","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"4362_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banu A, Noorul Hassan MM, Rajkumar J, Srinivasa S (2015) Spectrum of bacteria associated with diabetic foot ulcer and biofilm formation: A prospective study. Australasian Med J 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4066\/AMJ.2015.2422","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2015.2422"},{"key":"4362_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bekele F, Chelkeba L (2020) Amputation rate of diabetic foot ulcer and associated factors in diabetes mellitus patients admitted to Nekemte referral hospital, Western Ethiopia: prospective observational study. J Foot Ankle Res 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13047-020-00433-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-020-00433-9"},{"key":"4362_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen L, Yang J, Yu J, Yao Z, Sun L, Shen Y, Jin Q (2005) VFDB: A reference database for bacterial virulence factors. Nucleic Acids Res 33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gki008","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki008"},{"key":"4362_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corredor M, Mu\u00f1oz-G\u00f3mez A (2020) Pan-genomics of multidrug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria and their resistome, in: Pan-Genomics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-817076-2.00010-X","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817076-2.00010-X"},{"key":"4362_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding X, Fu X, Euphrasie D, Ferroni A, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Charbit A, Coureuil M, Jamet A (2023) Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus sequential isolates from lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Microbes Infect 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105124"},{"key":"4362_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Djahmi N, Messad N, Nedjai S, Moussaoui A, Mazouz D, Richard JL, Sotto A, Lavigne JP (2013) Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from inpatients with infected diabetic foot ulcers in an Algerian university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-0691.12199","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12199"},{"key":"4362_CR20","unstructured":"Eftekhar F, Rastegar M, Golalipoor M, Mansoursamaei N (2012) Detection of extended spectrum B-lactamases in urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in relation to BlaSHV, BlaTEM and BlaCTX-M gene carriage. Iran J Public Health 41"},{"key":"4362_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eleftheriadou I, Tentolouris N, Argiana V, Jude E, Boulton AJ (2010) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot infections. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11538070-000000000-00000. Drugs","DOI":"10.2165\/11538070-000000000-00000"},{"key":"4362_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elshamy AA, Saleh SE, Alshahrani MY, Aboshanab KM, Aboulwafa MM, Hassouna NA (2021) Oxa-48 carbapenemase-encoding transferable plasmids of Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from Egyptian patients suffering from complicated urinary tract infections. Biology (Basel) 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology10090889","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10090889"},{"key":"4362_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gan T, Shu G, Fu H, Yan Q, Zhang W, Tang H, Yin L, Zhao L, Lin J (2021) Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from food animals in Sichuan Province, China. BMC Vet Res 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02884-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02884-z"},{"key":"4362_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garrine M, Andrade M, Neves J, Mandomando I, Couto I, Costa SS (2024) Exploring the virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus CC121 and CC152 lineages related to paediatric community-acquired bacteraemia in Manhi\u00e7a, Mozambique. Sci Rep 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-61345-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61345-3"},{"key":"4362_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n-Rodr\u00edguez JJ, Fabiola Le\u00f3n-Galv\u00e1n M, Barboza-Corona JE, Valencia-Posadas M, Loeza-Lara PD, S\u00e1nchez-Ceja M, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, L\u00f3pez-Meza JE, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ch\u00e1vez AJ (2020) Analysis of virulence traits of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in semi-intensive and family dairy farms. J Vet Sci 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/JVS.2020.21.E77","DOI":"10.4142\/JVS.2020.21.E77"},{"key":"4362_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111935","author":"FS Heravi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heravi FS, Zakrzewski M, Vickery K, Armstrong DG, Hu H (2019) Bacterial diversity of diabetic foot ulcers: current status and future prospectives. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8111935","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4362_CR27","volume-title":"- -Bergey\u2019s manual of determinative microbiology","author":"J Holt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holt J, Krieg N, Sneath P, Staley J, Williams S (1994) --Bergey\u2019s manual of determinative microbiology, 9th edn. Lippincot, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore","edition":"9"},{"key":"4362_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jain C, Rodriguez-R LM, Phillippy AM, Konstantinidis KT, Aluru S (2018) High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries. Nat Commun 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9"},{"key":"4362_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humic.2017.09.002","author":"J Jneid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jneid J, Lavigne JP, La Scola B, Cassir N (2017) The diabetic foot microbiota: A review. Hum Microb J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humic.2017.09.002","journal-title":"Hum Microb J"},{"key":"4362_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jouhar L, Jaafar RF, Nasreddine R, Itani O, Haddad F, Rizk N, Hoballah JJ (2020) Microbiological profile and antimicrobial resistance among diabetic foot infections in Lebanon. Int Wound J 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.13465","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13465"},{"key":"4362_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kakoullis L, Papachristodoulou E, Chra P, Panos G (2021) Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens and novel antibiotic solutions. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10040415. Antibiotics","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040415"},{"key":"4362_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karmaker M, Sanyal SK, Sultana M, Hossain MA (2016) Association of bacteria in diabetic and non-diabetic foot infection - An investigation in patients from Bangladesh. J Infect Public Health 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.10.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.10.011"},{"key":"4362_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan D, Zeb M, Khattak SK, Shah AA, Abdullah M, Bilal M (2023) Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Endocr Metabolic Sci 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.endmts.2023.100136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endmts.2023.100136"},{"key":"4362_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lam MMC, Wick RR, Wyres KL, Gorrie CL, Judd LM, Jenney AWJ, Brisse S, Holt KE (2018) Genetic diversity, mobilisation and spread of the yersiniabactin-encoding mobile element ICEKp in Klebsiella pneumoniae populations. Microb Genom 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000196","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000196"},{"key":"4362_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163870","author":"LG Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li LG, Zhang T (2023) Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance gene transfer under environmental stresses: insights from laboratory-based studies. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163870","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4362_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li X, Cheng Q, Du Z, Zhu S, Cheng C (2021) Microbiological concordance in the management of diabetic foot ulcer infections with osteomyelitis, on the basis of cultures of different specimens at a diabetic foot center in China. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obes 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S296484","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S296484"},{"key":"4362_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Song Y, Huang Z, Mei L, Jiang M, Wang D, Wei Q (2023) Screening of Staphylococcus aureus for disinfection evaluation and transcriptome analysis of high tolerance to Chlorine-Containing disinfectants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11020475. Microorganisms 11","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020475"},{"key":"4362_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2024.100132","volume":"4","author":"D Mandal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mandal D, Das SK, Adhikari J, Chatterjee D, Bandyopadhyay TK, Basu A (2024) Genome sequencing, annotation and application of a strain of Microbacterium paraoxydans\u2013 A bacterium with arsenic bioremediation and plant growth promoting potential. Microbe 4:100132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microb.2024.100132","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"4362_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mathew M, Afthab M, Mathew SSCS, J., K, R.E (2024) Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among the hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria isolated on XLD agar from the poultry fecal samples. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-023-04633-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04633-4"},{"key":"4362_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mehraj DM (2018) A review of Wagner classification and current concepts in management of diabetic foot. Int J Orthop Sci 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22271\/ortho.2018.v4.i1n.133","DOI":"10.22271\/ortho.2018.v4.i1n.133"},{"key":"4362_CR41","unstructured":"Mulu W, Kibru G, Beyene G, Damtie M (2012) Postoperative nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolates among patients admitted at Felege Hiwot referral hospital, Bahirdar, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 22"},{"key":"4362_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13576","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13576","volume":"16","author":"A Nanditha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nanditha A, Susairaj P, Satheesh K, Raghavan A, Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A (2024) The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the youth in Southern India\u2014An ancillary analysis of the secular trends in diabetes in India (STRiDE-I) study. J Diabetes 16:e13576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.13576","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"4362_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nathar S, Rajmichael R, Pandian J, Nagarajan C, Mathimaran H, Kingsley A, Jeyaraman JD, J (2024) Exploring Nocardia\u2019s ecological spectrum and novel therapeutic frontiers through whole-genome sequencing: unraveling drug resistance and virulence factors. Arch Microbiol 206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-023-03799-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03799-z"},{"key":"4362_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naushad S, Naqvi SA, Nobrega D, Luby C, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW, De Buck J (2019) Comprehensive virulence gene profiling of bovine Non- aureus Staphylococci based on Whole-Genome sequencing data. mSystems 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msystems.00098-18","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00098-18"},{"key":"4362_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noor S, Raghav A, Parwez I, Ozair M, Ahmad J (2018) Molecular and culture based assessment of bacterial pathogens in subjects with diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clin Res Reviews 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.03.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.03.001"},{"key":"4362_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pitts B, Hamilton MA, Zelver N, Stewart PS (2003) A microtiter-plate screening method for biofilm disinfection and removal. J Microbiol Methods 54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-7012(03)00034-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(03)00034-4"},{"key":"4362_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.5.501","author":"L Poirel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poirel L, Pitout JD, Nordmann P (2007) Carbapenemases: molecular diversity and clinical consequences. Future Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/17460913.2.5.501","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"4362_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pouget C, Dunyach-Remy C, Pantel A, Schuldiner S, Sotto A, Lavigne JP (2020) Biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers: significance and clinical relevance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8101580. Microorganisms","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101580"},{"key":"4362_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raja JM, Maturana MA, Kayali S, Khouzam A, Efeovbokhan N (2023) Diabetic foot ulcer: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and management modalities. World J Clin Cases 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i8.1684","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i8.1684"},{"key":"4362_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sau S, Sun J, Lee CY (1997) Molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of type 8 capsule genes in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.179.5.1614-1621.1997","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.5.1614-1621.1997"},{"key":"4362_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seemann T (2014) Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation| bioinformatics| Oxford academic. Bioinformatics 30","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"key":"4362_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shahrokh S, Tabatabaee A, Yazdi M, Siavash M (2024) Proportion of toxin and non-toxin virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diabetic foot infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Microbiol 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-023-03142-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03142-y"},{"key":"4362_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaikh S, Fatima J, Shakil S, Rizvi SMD, Kamal MA (2015) Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: types, epidemiology and treatment. Saudi J Biol Sci 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002"},{"key":"4362_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi Q, Lan P, Huang D, Hua X, Jiang Y, Zhou J, Yu Y (2018) Diversity of virulence level phenotype of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae from different sequence type lineage. BMC Microbiol 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1236-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1236-2"},{"key":"4362_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/605195","author":"TS Sivanmaliappan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sivanmaliappan TS, Sevanan M (2011) Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetes patients with foot ulcers. Int J Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/605195","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"4362_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sreejith S, Shajahan S, Prathiush PR, Anjana VM, Viswanathan A, Chandran V, Kumar A, Jayachandran GS, Mathew R, Radhakrishnan J, E.K (2020) Healthy broilers disseminate antibiotic resistance in response to Tetracycline input in feed concentrates. Microb Pathog 149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104562"},{"key":"4362_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stepanovi\u0107 S, Vukovi\u0107 D, Hola V, Di Bonaventura G, Djuki\u0107 S, \u0106irkovi\u0107 I, Ruzicka F (2007) Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates: overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by Staphylococci. APMIS 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x"},{"key":"4362_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teo J, Ngan G, Balm M, Jureen R, Krishnan P, Lin R (2012) Molecular characterization of NDM-1 producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Singapore hospitals. Western Pac Surveillance Response 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5365\/wpsar.year.2011.2.4.010","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.year.2011.2.4.010"},{"key":"4362_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734619884430","volume":"20","author":"S Thanganadar Appapalam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thanganadar Appapalam S, Muniyan A, Vasanthi Mohan K, Panchamoorthy R (2021) A study on isolation, characterization, and exploration of Multiantibiotic-Resistant bacteria in the wound site of diabetic foot ulcer patients. Int J Lower Extremity Wounds 20:6\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534734619884430","journal-title":"Int J Lower Extremity Wounds"},{"key":"4362_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Turner KL, Cahill BK, Dilello SK, Gutel D, Brunson DN, Albert\u00ed S, Ellis TN (2016) Porin loss impacts the host inflammatory response to outer membrane vesicles of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01627-15","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01627-15"},{"key":"4362_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-6406-8_22","volume-title":"Management of diabetic complications: calling for a team approach","author":"Viswanathan Vijay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Viswanathan Vijay, shankari S and S.G (2024) Diabetic foot complications and challenges. In: Kesavadev J and G.P. and A.N. and T.S. (ed) Management of diabetic complications: calling for a team approach. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 301\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-6406-8_22"},{"key":"4362_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1323315","author":"FWA Waibel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waibel FWA, U\u00e7kay I, Soldevila-Boixader L, Sydler C, Gariani K (2023) Current knowledge of morbidities and direct costs related to diabetic foot disorders: a literature review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1323315","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"4362_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weill FX, Demartin M, Fabre L, Grimont PAD (2004) Extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase (TEM-52)-producing strains of Salmonella enterica of various serotypes isolated in France. J Clin Microbiol 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3359-3362.2004","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3359-3362.2004"},{"key":"4362_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wang H, Guo Y, Liu Z, Chang Z (2022) Metagenome analysis of the bacterial characteristics in invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.812542","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.812542"},{"key":"4362_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao H, He Z, Li Y, Sun B (2022) Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 of producing KPC-2, SHV-106 and CTX-M-15 in Anhui, China. BMC Microbiol 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02672-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02672-1"},{"key":"4362_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S446911","author":"S Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou S, Hu X, Wang Y, Fei W, Sheng Y, Que H (2024) The global prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S446911","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obes"},{"key":"4362_CR67","unstructured":"Zubair M, Malik A, Ahmad J, Rizvi M, Farooqui KJ, Rizvi MW (2011) A study of biofilm production by gram-negative organisms isolated from diabetic foot ulcer patients. Biology Med 3"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04362-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04362-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04362-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:46:14Z","timestamp":1749429974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04362-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04362-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-3993","1573-0972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-3993","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala (Ref. No: IRB 114\/2023 dated March 17, 2023). The study was also approved by the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) under reference number IBSC\/13\/2022 dated July 4, 2022.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"161"}}