{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:49:45Z","timestamp":1793742585066,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Microbiol Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-025-04395-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T22:56:25Z","timestamp":1750805785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["The gut microbiota-bile acid axis: a crucial regulator of immune function and metabolic health"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4395_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2943-4","volume":"76","author":"A Adak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adak A, Khan MR (2019) An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci 76:473\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-018-2943-4","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"4395_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14453","volume":"40","author":"LA Adams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adams LA, Wang Z, Liddle C, Melton PE, Ariff A, Chandraratna H, Tan J, Ching H, Coulter S, De Boer B, Christophersen CT, O\u2019Sullivan TA, Morrison M, Jeffrey GP (2020) Bile acids associate with specific gut microbiota, low-level alcohol consumption and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 40:1356\u20131365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14453","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"4395_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali RO, Haddad JA, Quinn GM, Zhang GY, Townsend E, Scheuing L, Hill KL, Menkart M, Oringher JL, Umarova R, Rampertaap S, Rosenzweig SD, Koh C, Levy EB, Kleiner DE, Etzion O, Heller T (2024) Taurine-conjugated bile acids and their link to hepatic S1PR2 play a significant role in hepatitis C\u2013related liver disease. Hepatol Commun 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000478","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000478"},{"key":"4395_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091792","volume":"10","author":"C An","year":"2022","unstructured":"An C, Chon H, Ku W, Eom S, Seok M, Kim S, Lee J, Kim D, Lee S, Koo H, Cho H, Han S, Moon J, Kang M, Ryu K (2022) Bile acids: major regulator of the gut microbiome. Microorganisms 10:1792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10091792","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"4395_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aymeric L, Donnadieu F, Mulet C, Du Merle L, Nigro G, Saffarian A, B\u00e9rard M, Poyart C, Robine S, Regnault B, Trieu-Cuot P, Sansonetti PJ, Dramsi S (2018) Colorectal cancer specific conditions promote Streptococcus gallolyticus gut colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1715112115","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715112115"},{"key":"4395_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.11.011","volume":"20","author":"M Banerjee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banerjee M, Robbins D, Chen T (2015) Targeting xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR in human diseases. Drug Discov Today 20:618\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.11.011","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"4395_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01050-9","volume":"9","author":"SA Barretto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barretto SA, Lasserre F, Huillet M, R\u00e9gnier M, Polizzi A, Lippi Y, Fougerat A, Person E, Bruel S, B\u00e9touli\u00e8res C, Naylies C, Lukowicz C, Smati S, Guzylack L, Olier M, Th\u00e9odorou V, Mselli-Lakhal L, Zalko D, Wahli W, Loiseau N, Gamet-Payrastre L, Guillou H, Ellero-Simatos S (2021) The pregnane X receptor drives sexually dimorphic hepatic changes in lipid and xenobiotic metabolism in response to gut microbiota in mice. Microbiome 9:93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-021-01050-9","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"4395_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.3.1729-1738.2006","volume":"72","author":"M Begley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CGM (2006) Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:1729\u20131738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.72.3.1729-1738.2006","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4395_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00935-7","volume":"44","author":"A Bertolini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bertolini A, Fiorotto R, Strazzabosco M (2022) Bile acids and their receptors: modulators and therapeutic targets in liver inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 44:547\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-022-00935-7","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"4395_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhargava P, Mische L, Smith MD, Harrington E, Fitzgerald KC, Martin K, Kim S, Reyes AA, Gonzalez-Cardona J, Volsko C, Singh S, Varanasi K, Sotirchos ES, Nourbakhsh B, Dutta R, Mowry EM, Waubant E, Calabresi PA (2019) Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis and supplementation ameliorates neuroinflammation.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/627356","DOI":"10.1101\/627356"},{"key":"4395_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400046101","volume":"101","author":"D Bishop-Bailey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bishop-Bailey D, Walsh DT, Warner TD (2004) Expression and activation of the farnesoid X receptor in the vasculature. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:3668\u20133673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0400046101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4395_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061122","volume":"9","author":"M Bourgin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bourgin M, Kriaa A, Mkaouar H, Mariaule V, Jablaoui A, Maguin E, Rhimi M (2021) Bile salt hydrolases: at the crossroads of microbiota and human health. Microorganisms 9:1122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9061122","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"4395_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-01-00098.2001","volume":"21","author":"LD Brewer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brewer LD, Thibault V, Chen K-C, Langub MC, Landfield PW, Porter NM (2001) Vitamin D Hormone Confers Neuroprotection in Parallel with Downregulation of L-Type Calcium Channel Expression in Hippocampal Neurons. J Neurosci 21:98\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-01-00098.2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4395_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai X, Young GM, Xie W (2021) The xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR in liver physiology, an update. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol Basis Disease 1867:166101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166101"},{"key":"4395_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3312","volume":"13","author":"AC Calkin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Calkin AC, Tontonoz P (2012) Transcriptional integration of metabolism by the nuclear sterol-activated receptors LXR and FXR. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:213\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm3312","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"4395_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33446","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020619117","volume":"117","author":"C Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell C, Marchildon F, Michaels AJ, Takemoto N, Van Der Veeken J, Schizas M, Pritykin Y, Leslie CS, Intlekofer AM, Cohen P, Rudensky AY (2020) FXR mediates T cell-intrinsic responses to reduced feeding during infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 117:33446\u201333454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2020619117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4395_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30643","volume":"140","author":"H Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao H, Xu M, Dong W, Deng B, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang S, Luo S, Wang W, Qi Y, Gao J, Cao X, Yan F, Wang B (2017) Secondary bile acid-induced dysbiosis promotes intestinal carcinogenesis: Bile acid, dysbiosis and CRC. Int J Cancer 140:2545\u20132556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.30643","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"4395_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102028","volume":"6","author":"MA Cencicchio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cencicchio MA, Montini F, Palmieri V, Massimino L, Lo Conte M, Finardi A, Mandelli A, Asnicar F, Pavlovic R, Drago D, Ungaro F, Andolfo A, Segata N, Martinelli V, Furlan R, Falcone M (2025) Microbiota-produced immune regulatory bile acid metabolites control central nervous system autoimmunity. Cell Rep Med 6:102028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102028","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"4395_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64226-7","volume":"10","author":"I Chatterjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chatterjee I, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Dai Y, Xia Y, Sun J (2020) Vitamin D receptor promotes healthy microbial metabolites and microbiome. Sci Rep 10:7340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-64226-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13703","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2076500","volume":"13","author":"T Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen T, Gu K, Lin R, Liu Y, Shan Y (2022) The function of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in maintaining intestinal barrier and inducing ulcerative colitis. Bioengineered 13:13703\u201313717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21655979.2022.2076500","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"4395_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192155","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2192155","volume":"15","author":"B Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen B, Bai Y, Tong F, Yan J, Zhang R, Zhong Y, Tan H, Ma X (2023) Glycoursodeoxycholic acid regulates bile acids level and alters gut microbiota and glycolipid metabolism to attenuate diabetes. Gut Microbes 15:2192155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2192155","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4395_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082018-124344","volume":"39","author":"JYL Chiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM (2019) Bile Acids as Metabolic Regulators and Nutrient Sensors. Annu Rev Nutr 39:175\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082018-124344","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"4395_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000450981","volume":"35","author":"JYL Chiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiang JYL, Pathak P, Liu H, Donepudi A, Ferrell J, Boehme S (2017) Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor and Takeda G Protein Couple Receptor 5 Signaling in Metabolic Regulation. Dig Dis 35:241\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000450981","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"4395_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M001602","volume":"51","author":"S Cipriani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cipriani S, Mencarelli A, Palladino G, Fiorucci S (2010) FXR activation reverses insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities and protects against liver steatosis in Zucker (fa\/fa) obese rats. J Lipid Res 51:771\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M001602","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"4395_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.015768","volume":"71","author":"G Clarke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clarke G, Sandhu KV, Griffin BT, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Hyland NP (2019) Gut Reactions: Breaking Down Xenobiotic-Microbiome Interactions. Pharmacol Rev 71:198\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.118.015768","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"4395_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2008.56","volume":"4","author":"SP Claus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Claus SP, Tsang TM, Wang Y, Cloarec O, Skordi E, Martin F, Rezzi S, Ross A, Kochhar S, Holmes E, Nicholson JK (2008) Systemic multicompartmental effects of the gut microbiome on mouse metabolic phenotypes. Mol Syst Biol 4:219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/msb.2008.56","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"4395_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007380","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007380","volume":"14","author":"A Collino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collino A, Termanini A, Nicoli P, Diaferia G, Polletti S, Recordati C, Castiglioni V, Caruso D, Mitro N, Natoli G, Ghisletti S (2018) Sustained activation of detoxification pathways promotes liver carcinogenesis in response to chronic bile acid-mediated damage. PLoS Genet 14:e1007380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007380","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"4395_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8009","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0281-9","volume":"54","author":"PJ Crick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crick PJ, Griffiths WJ, Zhang J, Beibel M, Abdel-Khalik J, Kuhle J, Sailer AW, Wang Y (2017) Reduced Plasma Levels of 25-Hydroxycholesterol and Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Bile Acid Precursors in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Mol Neurobiol 54:8009\u20138020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-016-0281-9","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4395_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1041-8","volume":"50","author":"E Distrutti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Distrutti E, Santucci L, Cipriani S, Renga B, Schiaroli E, Ricci P, Donini A, Fiorucci S (2015) Bile acid activated receptors are targets for regulation of integrity of gastrointestinal mucosa. J Gastroenterol 50:707\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-015-1041-8","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4395_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2013.10.021","volume":"46","author":"H Duboc","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duboc H, Tach\u00e9 Y, Hofmann AF (2014) The bile acid TGR5 membrane receptor: From basic research to clinical application. Dig Liver Dis 46:302\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2013.10.021","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"4395_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310904","volume":"66","author":"T Duparc","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duparc T, Plovier H, Marrachelli VG, Van Hul M, Essaghir A, St\u00e5hlman M, Matamoros S, Geurts L, Pardo-Tendero MM, Druart C, Delzenne NM, Demoulin J-B, Van Der Merwe SW, Van Pelt J, B\u00e4ckhed F, Monleon D, Everard A, Cani PD (2017) Hepatocyte MyD88 affects bile acids, gut microbiota and metabolome contributing to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Gut 66:620\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310904","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"4395_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00869-6","volume":"43","author":"I Evangelakos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evangelakos I, Heeren J, Verkade E, Kuipers F (2021) Role of bile acids in inflammatory liver diseases. Semin Immunopathol 43:577\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-021-00869-6","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"4395_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.02.042","volume":"268","author":"DW Eyles","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eyles DW, Liu PY, Josh P, Cui X (2014) Intracellular distribution of the vitamin D receptor in the brain: comparison with classic target tissues and redistribution with development. Neuroscience 268:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.02.042","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"4395_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05656-8","volume":"7","author":"KA Fader","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fader KA, Nault R, Zhang C, Kumagai K, Harkema JR, Zacharewski TR (2017) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-elicited effects on bile acid homeostasis: Alterations in biosynthesis, enterohepatic circulation, and microbial metabolism. Sci Rep 7:5921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05656-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3587","volume":"14","author":"V Felipo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Felipo V (2013) Hepatic encephalopathy: effects of liver failure on brain function. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:851\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3587","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"4395_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2021.07.002","volume":"5","author":"JM Ferrell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrell JM, Chiang JYL (2021) Bile acid receptors and signaling crosstalk in the liver, gut and brain. Liver Research 5:105\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livres.2021.07.002","journal-title":"Liver Research"},{"key":"4395_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0487-z","volume":"14","author":"JM Ferro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferro JM, Oliveira S (2014) Neurologic manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 14:487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-014-0487-z","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06715-3","volume":"66","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Carino A, Baldoni M, Santucci L, Costanzi E, Graziosi L, Distrutti E, Biagioli M (2021) bile acid signaling in inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig Dis Sci 66:674\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06715-3","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"4395_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01811-6","volume":"9","author":"JS Fleishman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleishman JS, Kumar S (2024) Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Sig Transduct Target Ther 9:97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01811-6","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"4395_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007581","volume":"15","author":"MH Foley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Foley MH, O\u2019Flaherty S, Barrangou R, Theriot CM (2019) Bile salt hydrolases: gatekeepers of bile acid metabolism and host-microbiome crosstalk in the gastrointestinal tract. PLoS Pathog 15:e1007581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007581","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4395_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2396-4","volume":"582","author":"M Funabashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Funabashi M, Grove TL, Wang M, Varma Y, McFadden ME, Brown LC, Guo C, Higginbottom S, Almo SC, Fischbach MA (2020) A metabolic pathway for bile acid dehydroxylation by the gut microbiome. Nature 582:566\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2396-4","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4395_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204336","volume":"13","author":"D Gabbia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gabbia D, Pozzo L, Zigiotto G, Roverso M, Sacchi D, Dalla Pozza A, Carrara M, Bogialli S, Floreani A, Guido M, De Martin S (2018) Dexamethasone counteracts hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in cholestatic rats via CAR activation. PLoS ONE 13:e0204336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0204336","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4395_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5831","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.97059","volume":"20","author":"Y Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Y, Yue J, Ha F, Wang Y, Wang R, Yang X, Zhang J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Han T, Yang R (2024) Bile acid derivatives from gut microbiota promote GBPs-mediated activation of caspase-4\/11 by LPS through lncRNA57RIK. Int J Biol Sci 20:5831\u20135849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.97059","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"4395_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01845-6","volume":"40","author":"Y Ge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ge Y, Wang X, Guo Y, Yan J, Abuduwaili A, Aximujiang K, Yan J, Wu M (2021) Gut microbiota influence tumor development and Alter interactions with the human immune system. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 40:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13046-021-01845-6","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"4395_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Saha P, Gohara A, Tummala R, Stepkowski S, Tiwari AK, Joe B, Gonzalez FJ, Gewirtz AT, Vijay-Kumar M (2023) Loss of toll-like receptor 5 potentiates spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in farnesoid X receptor\u2013deficient mice. Hepatol Commun 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000166","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000166"},{"key":"4395_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5982","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21175982","volume":"21","author":"SM Grant","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grant SM, DeMorrow S (2020) Bile Acid Signaling in Neurodegenerative and Neurological Disorders. IJMS 21:5982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21175982","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"4395_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.116","volume":"11","author":"J Greenwood","year":"1991","unstructured":"Greenwood J, Adu J, Davey AJ, Abbott NJ, Bradbury MWB (1991) The Effect of Bile Salts on the Permeability and Ultrastructure of the Perfused, Energy-Depleted, Rat Blood-Brain Barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11:644\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.116","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"4395_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953091","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.953091","volume":"12","author":"Z Guan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan Z, Luo L, Liu S, Guan Z, Zhang Q, Wu Z, Tao K (2022) The role of TGR5 as an onco-immunological biomarker in tumor staging and prognosis by encompassing the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 12:953091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.953091","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"4395_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8343","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158343","volume":"23","author":"X Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo X, Okpara ES, Hu W, Yan C, Wang Y, Liang Q, Chiang JYL, Han S (2022) Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids. IJMS 23:8343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158343","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"4395_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.197897","volume":"30","author":"J Hageman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hageman J, Herrema H, Groen AK, Kuipers F (2010) A Role of the Bile Salt Receptor FXR in Atherosclerosis. ATVB 30:1519\u20131528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.197897","journal-title":"ATVB"},{"key":"4395_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229204","volume":"15","author":"SL Hagerty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hagerty SL, Hutchison KE, Lowry CA, Bryan AD (2020) An empirically derived method for measuring human gut microbiome alpha diversity: demonstrated utility in predicting health-related outcomes among a human clinical sample. PLoS ONE 15:e0229204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229204","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4395_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.068","volume":"24","author":"CY Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han CY, Rho HS, Kim A, Kim TH, Jang K, Jun DW, Kim JW, Kim B, Kim SG (2018) FXR inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocytes and ameliorates liver injury. Cell Rep 24:2985\u20132999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.068","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8040159","volume":"8","author":"NI Hanafi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hanafi NI, Mohamed AS, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Othman MHD (2018) Overview of bile acids signaling and perspective on the signal of ursodeoxycholic acid, the most hydrophilic bile acid, in the heart. Biomolecules 8:159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom8040159","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"4395_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","volume":"576","author":"S Hang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hang S, Paik D, Yao L, Kim E, Trinath J, Lu J, Ha S, Nelson BN, Kelly SP, Wu L, Zheng Y, Longman RS, Rastinejad F, Devlin AS, Krout MR, Fischbach MA, Littman DR, Huh JR (2019) Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and treg cell differentiation. Nature 576:143\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4395_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.03.007","volume":"25","author":"H Hao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hao H, Cao L, Jiang C, Che Y, Zhang S, Takahashi S, Wang G, Gonzalez FJ (2017) Farnesoid X receptor regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome underlies cholestasis-associated sepsis. Cell Metab 25:856-867.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.03.007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4395_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00748","volume":"159","author":"L He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He L, Liu T, Shi Y, Tian F, Hu H, Deb DK, Chen Y, Bissonnette M, Li YC (2018) Gut epithelial vitamin D receptor regulates microbiota-dependent mucosal inflammation by suppressing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Endocrinology 159:967\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2017-00748","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"4395_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1330-9644","volume":"59","author":"B Hild","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hild B, Heinzow HS, Schmidt HH, Maschmeier M (2021) Bile acids in control of the gut-liver-axis. Z Gastroenterol 59:63\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1330-9644","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4395_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524890113","volume":"113","author":"PP Ho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ho PP, Steinman L (2016) Obeticholic acid, a synthetic bile acid agonist of the farnesoid X receptor, attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:1600\u20131605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1524890113","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4395_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0136-1","volume":"29","author":"M-M Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu M-M, He W-R, Gao P, Yang Q, He K, Cao L-B, Li S, Feng Y-Q, Shu H-B (2019) Virus-induced accumulation of intracellular bile acids activates the TGR5-\u03b2-arrestin-SRC axis to enable innate antiviral immunity. Cell Res 29:193\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41422-018-0136-1","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"4395_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06884","volume":"55","author":"C Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu C, Liu M, Wan T, Tang L, Sun B, Zhou B, Lam JCW, Lam PKS, Chen L (2021a) Disturbances in microbial and metabolic communication across the gut-liver axis induced by a dioxin-like pollutant: an integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. Environ Sci Technol 55:529\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c06884","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"4395_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109726","volume":"36","author":"J Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu J, Wang C, Huang X, Yi S, Pan S, Zhang Y, Yuan G, Cao Q, Ye X, Li H (2021b) Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acids regulate dendritic cells to attenuate autoimmune uveitis through TGR5 signaling. Cell Rep 36:109726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109726","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2018.14","volume":"83","author":"K Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang K, Mukherjee S, DesMarais V, Albanese JM, Rafti E, Draghi Ii A, Maher LA, Khanna KM, Mani S, Matson AP (2018) Targeting the PXR\u2013TLR4 signaling pathway to reduce intestinal inflammation in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 83:1031\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2018.14","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"4395_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13787","volume":"174","author":"GM Hudson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hudson GM, Flannigan KL, Erickson SL, Vicentini FA, Zamponi A, Hirota CL, Alston L, Altier C, Ghosh S, Rioux KP, Mani S, Chang TK, Hirota SA (2017) Constitutive androstane receptor regulates the intestinal mucosal response to injury. British J Pharmacol 174:1857\u20131871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.13787","journal-title":"British J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4395_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100930","volume":"6","author":"M Huillet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huillet M, Lasserre F, Gratacap M-P, Engelmann B, Bruse J, Polizzi A, Fougeray T, Martin CMP, Rives C, Fougerat A, Naylies C, Lippi Y, Garcia G, Rousseau-Bacquie E, Canlet C, Debrauwer L, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Von Bergen M, Payrastre B, Boutet-Robinet E, Gamet-Payrastre L, Guillou H, Loiseau N, Ellero-Simatos S (2024) Pharmacological activation of constitutive androstane receptor induces female-specific modulation of hepatic metabolism. JHEP Reports 6:100930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100930","journal-title":"JHEP Reports"},{"key":"4395_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108311","volume":"240","author":"MJ Hurley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hurley MJ, Bates R, Macnaughtan J, Schapira AHV (2022) Bile acids and neurological disease. Pharmacol Ther 240:108311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108311","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"4395_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2012.03554.x","volume":"136","author":"R Ichikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ichikawa R, Takayama T, Yoneno K, Kamada N, Kitazume MT, Higuchi H, Matsuoka K, Watanabe M, Itoh H, Kanai T, Hisamatsu T, Hibi T (2012) Bile acids induce monocyte differentiation toward interleukin-12 hypo-producing dendritic cells via a TGR5-dependent pathway. Immunology 136:153\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2012.03554.x","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"4395_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iimura S, Takasugi S, Yasuda M, Saito Y, Morifuji M (2023) Interactions between environmental sensitivity and gut microbiota are associated with biomarkers of stress-related psychiatric symptoms.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.03.30.534559","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.30.534559"},{"key":"4395_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iqbal M, Yu Q, Tang J, Xiang J (2025) Unraveling the gut microbiota\u2019s role in obesity: key metabolites, microbial species, and therapeutic insights. J Bacteriol e00479\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00479-24","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00479-24"},{"key":"4395_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627920","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.627920","volume":"12","author":"T Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang T, Xu C, Liu H, Liu M, Wang M, Jiang J, Zhang G, Yang C, Huang J, Lou Z (2021) Linderae radix ethanol extract alleviates diet-induced hyperlipidemia by regulating bile acid metabolism through gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 12:627920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.627920","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4395_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.04.004","volume":"37","author":"D Jin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jin D, Wu S, Zhang Y, Lu R, Xia Y, Dong H, Sun J (2015) Lack of vitamin D receptor causes dysbiosis and changes the functions of the murine intestinal microbiome. Clin Ther 37:996-1009.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.04.004","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"4395_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13580","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804437105","volume":"105","author":"BV Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones BV, Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CGM, Marchesi JR (2008) Functional and comparative metagenomic analysis of bile salt hydrolase activity in the human gut microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:13580\u201313585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0804437105","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4395_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19081","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M600116200","volume":"281","author":"D Jung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jung D, Mangelsdorf DJ, Meyer UA (2006) Pregnane X receptor is a target of farnesoid X receptor. J Biol Chem 281:19081\u201319091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M600116200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4395_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21049","volume":"58","author":"V Keitel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keitel V, G\u00f6rg B, Bidmon HJ, Zemtsova I, Spomer L, Zilles K, H\u00e4ussinger D (2010) The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain. Glia 58:1794\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.21049","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"4395_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301565","volume":"33","author":"T Kida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kida T, Tsubosaka Y, Hori M, Ozaki H, Murata T (2013) Bile acid receptor TGR5 agonism induces NO production and reduces monocyte adhesion in vascular endothelial cells. ATVB 33:1663\u20131669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301565","journal-title":"ATVB"},{"key":"4395_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.10.008","volume":"15","author":"C-S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim C-S (2024) Roles of diet-associated gut microbial metabolites on brain health: cell-to-cell interactions between gut bacteria and the central nervous system. Adv Nutr 15:100136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.10.008","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"4395_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043517","volume":"24","author":"H Kubota","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kubota H, Ishizawa M, Kodama M, Nagase Y, Kato S, Makishima M, Sakurai K (2023) Vitamin D receptor mediates attenuating effect of lithocholic acid on dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice. IJMS 24:3517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24043517","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"4395_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.5.1979-1986.2006","volume":"188","author":"P Kurdi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kurdi P, Kawanishi K, Mizutani K, Yokota A (2006) Mechanism of growth inhibition by free bile acids in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. J Bacteriol 188:1979\u20131986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.188.5.1979-1986.2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4395_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2008","volume":"89","author":"P Lefebvre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lefebvre P, Cariou B, Lien F, Kuipers F, Staels B (2009) Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation. Physiol Rev 89:147\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00010.2008","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4395_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.01.011","volume":"12","author":"J Leonhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leonhardt J, Haider RS, Sponholz C, Leonhardt S, Drube J, Spengler K, Mihaylov D, Neugebauer S, Kiehntopf M, Lambert NA, Kortgen A, Bruns T, Tacke F, Hoffmann C, Bauer M, Heller R (2021) Circulating bile acids in liver failure activate TGR5 and induce monocyte dysfunction. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:25\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.01.011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4395_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2017.10.009","volume":"19","author":"CCh Leung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leung CCh, Young KK (2018) Clinical aspects of hepatic disease. Anaesth Crit Care Med 19:4\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mpaic.2017.10.009","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4395_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2015.04.003","volume":"74","author":"T Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li T, Apte U (2015) Bile acid metabolism and signaling in cholestasis, inflammation, and cancer. Adv Pharmacol 74:263\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.apha.2015.04.003","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"4395_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23721","volume":"52","author":"T Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li T, Owsley E, Matozel M, Hsu P, Novak CM, Chiang JYL (2010) Transgenic expression of cholesterol 7\u03b1-hydroxylase in the liver prevents high-fat diet\u2013induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice\u2020. Hepatology 52:678\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23721","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4395_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447878","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1447878","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Wang L, Yi Q, Luo L, Xiong Y (2024) Regulation of bile acids and their receptor FXR in metabolic diseases. Front Nutr 11:1447878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1447878","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"4395_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.11.018","volume":"156","author":"E Litwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Litwa E, Rzemieniec J, Wnuk A, Lason W, Krzeptowski W, Kajta M (2016) RXR\u03b1, PXR and CAR xenobiotic receptors mediate the apoptotic and neurotoxic actions of nonylphenol in mouse hippocampal cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 156:43\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.11.018","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"4395_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27085","volume":"60","author":"R Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu R, Zhao R, Zhou X, Liang X, Campbell DJW, Zhang X, Zhang L, Shi R, Wang G, Pandak WM, Sirica AE, Hylemon PB, Zhou H (2014) Conjugated bile acids promote cholangiocarcinoma cell invasive growth through activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2. Hepatology 60:908\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27085","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4395_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15578","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415578","volume":"23","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Xu J, Xu X, Mao T, Niu W, Wu X, Lu L, Zhou H (2022) Intestinal stem cells damaged by deoxycholic acid via AHR pathway contributes to mucosal barrier dysfunction in high-fat feeding mice. IJMS 23:15578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232415578","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"4395_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.14153","volume":"93","author":"M Liukkonen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liukkonen M, Muriel J, Mart\u00ednez-Padilla J, Nord A, Pakanen V, Rosivall B, Tilgar V, Van Oers K, Grond K, Ruuskanen S (2024) Seasonal and environmental factors contribute to the variation in the gut microbiome: A large-scale study of a small bird. J Anim Ecol 93:1475\u20131492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2656.14153","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"4395_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.06.007","volume":"23","author":"CCK Mayerhofer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayerhofer CCK, Ueland T, Broch K, Vincent RP, Cross GF, Dahl CP, Aukrust P, Gullestad L, Hov JR, Tr\u00f8seid M (2017) Increased secondary\/primary bile acid ratio in chronic heart failure. J Cardiac Fail 23:666\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.06.007","journal-title":"J Cardiac Fail"},{"key":"4395_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600275R","volume":"30","author":"M McMillin","year":"2016","unstructured":"McMillin M, DeMorrow S (2016) Effects of bile acids on neurological function and disease. FASEB J 30:3658\u20133668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201600275R","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4395_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00191","volume":"11","author":"M McMillin","year":"2017","unstructured":"McMillin M, Frampton G, Grant S, Khan S, Diocares J, Petrescu A, Wyatt A, Kain J, Jefferson B, DeMorrow S (2017) Bile acid-mediated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 signaling promotes neuroinflammation during hepatic encephalopathy in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 11:191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2017.00191","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"4395_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092663","volume":"19","author":"M Medrano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Medrano M, Carrillo-Cruz E, Montero I, Perez-Simon JA (2018) Vitamin D: effect on haematopoiesis and immune system and clinical applications. IJMS 19:2663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19092663","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"4395_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3002000","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002000","volume":"21","author":"AR Merchak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merchak AR, Cahill HJ, Brown LC, Brown RM, Rivet-Noor C, Beiter RM, Slogar ER, Olgun DG, Gaultier A (2023) The activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in T cells tunes the gut microenvironment to sustain autoimmunity and neuroinflammation. PLoS Biol 21:e3002000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002000","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"4395_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00617","volume":"11","author":"KL Mertens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mertens KL, Kalsbeek A, Soeters MR, Eggink HM (2017) Bile acid signaling pathways from the enterohepatic circulation to the central nervous system. Front Neurosci 11:617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2017.00617","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"4395_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0151829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151829","volume":"11","author":"M Mouzaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mouzaki M, Wang AY, Bandsma R, Comelli EM, Arendt BM, Zhang L, Fung S, Fischer SE, McGilvray IG, Allard JP (2016) Bile acids and dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS ONE 11:e0151829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0151829","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4395_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3846","volume":"14","author":"IA Murray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murray IA, Patterson AD, Perdew GH (2014) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in cancer: friend and foe. Nat Rev Cancer 14:801\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc3846","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"4395_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27592","volume":"61","author":"M Nagahashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagahashi M, Takabe K, Liu R, Peng K, Wang X, Wang Y, Hait NC, Wang X, Allegood JC, Yamada A, Aoyagi T, Liang J, Pandak WM, Spiegel S, Hylemon PB, Zhou H (2015) Conjugated bile acid\u2013activated S1P receptor 2 is a key regulator of sphingosine kinase 2 and hepatic gene expression. Hepatology 61:1216\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27592","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4395_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naito Y, Takagi T, Inoue R (2021) Role of Gut Microbiota in Bile-Acid Metabolism. In: Takada A, Himmerich H (eds) Psychology and Pathophysiological Outcomes of Eating. IntechOpen. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.100440","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.100440"},{"key":"4395_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02533198","volume":"5","author":"SH Naqvi","year":"1970","unstructured":"Naqvi SH, Herndon BL, Del Rosario L, Nicholas HJ (1970) Intracerebrally injected monohydroxy and other C24 steroid acids as demyelinating agents in the guinea pig. Lipids 5:964\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02533198","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"4395_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40112","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40112","volume":"7","author":"D Nizamutdinov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nizamutdinov D, DeMorrow S, McMillin M, Kain J, Mukherjee S, Zeitouni S, Frampton G, Bricker PCS, Hurst J, Shapiro LA (2017) Hepatic alterations are accompanied by changes to bile acid transporter-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus after traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 7:40112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep40112","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03066-w","volume":"479","author":"M Nortunen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nortunen M, V\u00e4kiparta N, Porvari K, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ, Huhta H (2021) Pathophysiology of reflux oesophagitis: role of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and Farnesoid X receptor. Virchows Arch 479:285\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-021-03066-w","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"4395_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00140","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00140-18","volume":"3","author":"S O\u2019Flaherty","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Flaherty S, Briner Crawley A, Theriot CM, Barrangou R (2018) The Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase repertoire reveals niche-specific adaptation. mSphere 3:e00140-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSphere.00140-18","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"4395_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G175","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00063.2024","volume":"327","author":"ML O\u2019Guinn","year":"2024","unstructured":"O\u2019Guinn ML, Handler DA, Hsieh JJ, Mallicote MU, Feliciano K, Gayer CP (2024) FXR deletion attenuates intestinal barrier dysfunction in murine acute intestinal inflammation. Am J Physiol-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 327:G175\u2013G187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00063.2024","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"key":"4395_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04480-z","volume":"603","author":"D Paik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paik D, Yao L, Zhang Y, Bae S, D\u2019Agostino GD, Zhang M, Kim E, Franzosa EA, Avila-Pacheco J, Bisanz JE, Rakowski CK, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ, Turnbaugh PJ, Longman RS, Krout MR, Clish CB, Rastinejad F, Huttenhower C, Huh JR, Devlin AS (2022) Human gut bacteria produce \u03a4\u039717-modulating bile acid metabolites. Nature 603:907\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04480-z","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4395_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29857","volume":"68","author":"P Pathak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pathak P, Xie C, Nichols RG, Ferrell JM, Boehme S, Krausz KW, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ, Chiang JYL (2018) Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism. Hepatology 68:1574\u20131588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.29857","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4395_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176715","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176715","volume":"12","author":"TWH Pols","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pols TWH, Puchner T, Korkmaz HI, Vos M, Soeters MR, De Vries CJM (2017) Lithocholic acid controls adaptive immune responses by inhibition of Th1 activation through the Vitamin D receptor. PLoS ONE 12:e0176715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0176715","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4395_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422421000081","volume":"35","author":"R-AG Pushpass","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pushpass R-AG, Alzoufairi S, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA (2022) Circulating bile acids as a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health: impact of prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenol-rich foods. Nutr Res Rev 35:161\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954422421000081","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"4395_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0397-1","volume":"35","author":"FJ Quintana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quintana FJ (2013) Regulation of central nervous system autoimmunity by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Semin Immunopathol 35:627\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-013-0397-1","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"4395_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G906","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00043.2007","volume":"294","author":"F Raimondi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Raimondi F, Santoro P, Barone MV, Pappacoda S, Barretta ML, Nanayakkara M, Apicella C, Capasso L, Paludetto R (2008) Bile acids modulate tight junction structure and barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers via EGFR activation. Am J Physiol-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 294:G906\u2013G913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00043.2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"key":"4395_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054472","volume":"8","author":"B Renga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renga B, Mencarelli A, Cipriani S, D\u2019Amore C, Carino A, Bruno A, Francisci D, Zampella A, Distrutti E, Fiorucci S (2013) The Bile Acid Sensor FXR Is Required for Immune-Regulatory Activities of TLR-9 in Intestinal Inflammation. PLoS ONE 8:e54472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0054472","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4395_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322733","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2024.2322733","volume":"35","author":"F Reusswig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reusswig F, Reich M, Wienands L, Herebian D, Keitel-Anselmino V, Elvers M (2024) The bile acid receptor TGR5 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation. Platelets 35:2322733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537104.2024.2322733","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"4395_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000057","volume":"30","author":"JM Ridlon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ridlon JM, Kang DJ, Hylemon PB, Bajaj JS (2014) Bile acids and the gut microbiome. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 30:332\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000057","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4395_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rivi\u00e8re A, Selak M, Lantin D, Leroy F, De Vuyst L (2016) Bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria: importance and strategies for their stimulation in the human gut. Front Microbiol 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00979","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00979"},{"key":"4395_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19708-0","volume":"8","author":"AJ Rodriguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodriguez AJ, Mousa A, Ebeling PR, Scott D, De Courten B (2018) Effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 8:1169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-19708-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9279","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179279","volume":"25","author":"L Romero-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Romero-Ram\u00edrez L, Mey J (2024) Emerging Roles of Bile Acids and TGR5 in the Central Nervous System: Molecular Functions and Therapeutic Implications. IJMS 25:9279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25179279","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"4395_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","volume":"17","author":"SI Sayin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sayin SI, Wahlstr\u00f6m A, Felin J, J\u00e4ntti S, Marschall H-U, Bamberg K, Angelin B, Hy\u00f6tyl\u00e4inen T, Ore\u0161i\u010d M, B\u00e4ckhed F (2013) Gut Microbiota Regulates Bile Acid Metabolism by Reducing the Levels of Tauro-beta-muricholic Acid, a Naturally Occurring FXR Antagonist. Cell Metab 17:225\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4395_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21365","volume":"118","author":"SA Shah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shah SA, Volkov Y, Arfin Q, Abdel-Latif MM, Kelleher D (2006) Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits interleukin beta 1 and deoxycholic acid-induced activation of NF-\u03baB and AP-1 in human colon cancer cells. Intl Journal of Cancer 118:532\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.21365","journal-title":"Intl Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"4395_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01838-w","volume":"17","author":"H-M Shan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shan H-M, Zang M, Zhang Q, Shi R-B, Shi X-J, Mamtilahun M, Liu C, Luo L, Tian X, Zhang Z, Yang G-Y, Tang Y, Pu J, Wang Y (2020) Farnesoid X receptor knockout protects brain against ischemic injury through reducing neuronal apoptosis in mice. J Neuroinflammation 17:164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-020-01838-w","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"4395_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i22.3010","volume":"27","author":"J-W Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao J-W, Ge T-T, Chen S-Z, Wang G, Yang Q, Huang C-H, Xu L-C, Chen Z (2021) Role of bile acids in liver diseases mediated by the gut microbiome. WJG 27:3010\u20133021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v27.i22.3010","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"4395_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9689","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009689","volume":"5","author":"SH Sheikh Abdul Kadir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Miragoli M, Abu-Hayyeh S, Moshkov AV, Xie Q, Keitel V, Nikolaev VO, Williamson C, Gorelik J (2010) Bile Acid-Induced Arrhythmia Is Mediated by Muscarinic M2 Receptors in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes. PLoS ONE 5:e9689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0009689","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4395_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609060","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.609060","volume":"11","author":"Y Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Y, Su W, Zhang L, Shi C, Zhou J, Wang P, Wang H, Shi X, Wei S, Wang Q, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Yu Y, Pan R, Zhou H, Lu L (2021) TGR5 regulates macrophage inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Front Immunol 11:609060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.609060","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4395_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12141888","volume":"12","author":"L Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi L, Jin L, Huang W (2023a) Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases. Cells 12:1888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12141888","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4395_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102411","volume":"15","author":"Q Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi Q, Yuan X, Zeng Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xue C, Li L (2023b) Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids in Cholestatic Liver Disease. Nutrients 15:2411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15102411","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4395_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.01.021","volume":"27","author":"SR Sinha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sinha SR, Haileselassie Y, Nguyen LP, Tropini C, Wang M, Becker LS, Sim D, Jarr K, Spear ET, Singh G, Namkoong H, Bittinger K, Fischbach MA, Sonnenburg JL, Habtezion A (2020) Dysbiosis-induced secondary bile acid deficiency promotes intestinal inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 27:659-670.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2020.01.021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"4395_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348844","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1348844","volume":"18","author":"H Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song H, Liu J, Wang L, Hu X, Li J, Zhu L, Pang R, Zhang A (2024) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a bile acid that may be used for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Neurosci 18:1348844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1348844","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"4395_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100230","volume":"3","author":"M Spatz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spatz M, Ciocan D, Merlen G, Rainteau D, Humbert L, Gomes-Rochette N, Hugot C, Trainel N, Mercier-Nom\u00e9 F, Domenichini S, Puchois V, Wrzosek L, Ferrere G, Tordjmann T, Perlemuter G, Cassard A-M (2021) Bile acid-receptor TGR5 deficiency worsens liver injury in alcohol-fed mice by inducing intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. JHEP Reports 3:100230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100230","journal-title":"JHEP Reports"},{"key":"4395_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(03)00720-8","volume":"197","author":"ED Strauch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Strauch ED, Yamaguchi J, Bass BL, Wang J-Y (2003) Bile salts regulate intestinal epithelial cell migration by nuclear factor\u2013\u03baB\u2013induced expression of transforming growth factor\u2013\u03b2. J Am Coll Surg 197:974\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1072-7515(03)00720-8","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"4395_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628482110180","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848211018098","volume":"14","author":"R Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun R, Xu C, Feng B, Gao X, Liu Z (2021) Critical roles of bile acids in regulating intestinal mucosal immune responses. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 14:17562848211018098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562848211018098","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4395_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01297092","volume":"38","author":"JY Sung","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sung JY, Shaffer EA, Costerton JW (1993) Antibacterial activity of bile salts against common biliary pathogens: Effects of hydrophobicity of the molecule and in the presence of phospholipids. Digest Dis Sci 38:2104\u20132112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01297092","journal-title":"Digest Dis Sci"},{"key":"4395_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.03.004","volume":"45","author":"R Thanissery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thanissery R, Winston JA, Theriot CM (2017) Inhibition of spore germination, growth, and toxin activity of clinically relevant C. difficile strains by gut microbiota derived secondary bile acids. Anaerobe 45:86\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.03.004","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"4395_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4970","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022009618","volume":"7","author":"B Thompson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thompson B, Lu S, Revilla J, Uddin MJ, Oakland DN, Brovero S, Keles S, Bresnick EH, Petri WA, Burgess SL (2023) Secondary bile acids function through the vitamin D receptor in myeloid progenitors to promote myelopoiesis. Blood Adv 7:4970\u20134982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022009618","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"4395_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","volume":"474","author":"E Thursby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thursby E, Juge N (2017) Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 474:1823\u20131836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BCJ20160510","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"4395_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214538743","volume":"239","author":"J Tsuei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsuei J, Chau T, Mills D, Wan Y-JY (2014) Bile acid dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, and gastrointestinal cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 239:1489\u20131504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1535370214538743","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"4395_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.05.011","volume":"29","author":"A Uberoi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uberoi A, Bartow-McKenney C, Zheng Q, Flowers L, Campbell A, Knight SAB, Chan N, Wei M, Lovins V, Bugayev J, Horwinski J, Bradley C, Meyer J, Crumrine D, Sutter CH, Elias P, Mauldin E, Sutter TR, Grice EA (2021) Commensal microbiota regulates skin barrier function and repair via signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cell Host Microbe 29:1235-1248.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2021.05.011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"4395_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00163","volume":"4","author":"V Urdaneta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Urdaneta V, Casades\u00fas J (2017) Interactions between Bacteria and Bile Salts in the Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Tracts. Front Med 4:163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2017.00163","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4395_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vasavan T, Ferraro E, Ibrahim E, Dixon P, Gorelik J, Williamson C (2018) Heart and bile acids \u2013 Clinical consequences of altered bile acid metabolism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol Basis Disease 1864:1345\u20131355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.12.039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.12.039"},{"key":"4395_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33453","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33453","volume":"6","author":"L Verbeke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verbeke L, Mannaerts I, Schierwagen R, Govaere O, Klein S, Vander Elst I, Windmolders P, Farre R, Wenes M, Mazzone M, Nevens F, Van Grunsven LA, Trebicka J, Laleman W (2016) FXR agonist obeticholic acid reduces hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of toxic cirrhosis. Sci Rep 6:33453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep33453","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703218","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.703218","volume":"9","author":"A Visekruna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visekruna A, Luu M (2021) The role of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in intestinal and liver function, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:703218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.703218","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"4395_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80348-2","volume":"3","author":"H Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang H, Chen J, Hollister K, Sowers LC, Forman BM (1999) Endogenous bile acids are ligands for the nuclear receptor FXR\/BAR. Mol Cell 3:543\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80348-2","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"4395_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7659509","volume":"2019","author":"C Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang C, Zhu C, Shao L, Ye J, Shen Y, Ren Y (2019) Role of bile acids in dysbiosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mediators Inflamm 2019:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/7659509","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"4395_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20194","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04630","volume":"72","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Guo Y, Han W, Liang M, Xiao X, Jiang X, Yu W (2024a) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 72:20194\u201320210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04630","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"4395_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1515\/mr-2024-0020","volume":"4","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xu H, Zhou X, Chen W, Zhou H (2024b) Dysregulated bile acid homeostasis: unveiling its role in metabolic diseases. Medical Review 4:262\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/mr-2024-0020","journal-title":"Medical Review"},{"key":"4395_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G550","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00256.2016","volume":"312","author":"JBJ Ward","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ward JBJ, Lajczak NK, Kelly OB, O\u2019Dwyer AM, Giddam AK, N\u00ed Gabhann J, Franco P, Tambuwala MM, Jefferies CA, Keely S, Roda A, Keely SJ (2017) Ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid exert anti-inflammatory actions in the colon. Am J Physiol-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 312:G550\u2013G558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00256.2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"key":"4395_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58644-w","volume":"10","author":"A Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson A, Almousa A, Teft WA, Kim RB (2020) Attenuation of bile acid-mediated FXR and PXR activation in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. Sci Rep 10:1866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-58644-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4395_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1674124","volume":"11","author":"JA Winston","year":"2020","unstructured":"Winston JA, Theriot CM (2020) Diversification of host bile acids by members of the gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 11:158\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2019.1674124","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4395_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15047","volume":"42","author":"R Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu R, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Wu J, Zhu Y, Shi X, Qiu X, Yang S, Wang S, Zheng B, Wu T, Li Z, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang W, Bao J, Hu J, Wu X, Wang H, Jiang X, Chen L (2022) The effect of biliary obstruction, biliary drainage and bile reinfusion on bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Liver Int 42:135\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15047","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"4395_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.123.001604","volume":"52","author":"T Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu T, Li L, Zhou W, Bi G, Jiang X, Guo M, Yang X, Fang J, Pang J, Fan S, Bi H (2024) Gut Microbiota Affects Mouse Pregnane X Receptor Agonist Pregnenolone 16\u03b1-Carbonitrile-Induced Hepatomegaly by Regulating Pregnane X Receptor and Yes-Associated Protein Activation. Drug Metab Dispos 52:597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.123.001604","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"4395_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6634821","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6634821","volume":"2021","author":"X Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao X, Cheng Y, Fu J, Lu Z, Wang F, Jin M, Zong X, Wang Y (2021) Gut Immunity and Microbiota Dysbiosis Are Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in LPS-Challenged Piglets. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021:6634821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6634821","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4395_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02289","volume":"9","author":"Q Xiong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiong Q, Huang H, Wang N, Chen R, Chen N, Han H, Wang Q, Siwko S, Liu M, Qian M, Du B (2018) Metabolite-sensing g protein coupled receptor tgr5 protects host from viral infection through amplifying type I interferon responses. Front Immunol 9:2289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02289","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4395_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.09.061","volume":"579","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Huang D, Xu X, Wu X, Liu L, Niu W, Lu L, Zhou H (2021) An elevated deoxycholic acid level induced by high-fat feeding damages intestinal stem cells by reducing the ileal IL-22. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 579:153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.09.061","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"4395_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.03.014","volume":"181","author":"Le Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang Le, Chang N, Liu X, Han Z, Zhu T, Li C, Yang L, Li L (2012) Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to hepatic myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor-\u03b21 via Sphingosine Kinase\/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P)\/S1P Receptor Axis. Am J Pathol 181:85\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.03.014","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"4395_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i24.3609","volume":"27","author":"Z-H Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Z-H, Liu F, Zhu X-R, Suo F-Y, Jia Z, Yao S-K (2021) Altered profiles of fecal bile acids correlate with gut microbiota and inflammatory responses in patients with ulcerative colitis. WJG 27:3609\u20133629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v27.i24.3609","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"4395_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307981","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202307981","volume":"11","author":"M Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang M, Zheng X, Fan J, Cheng W, Yan T, Lai Y, Zhang N, Lu Y, Qi J, Huo Z, Xu Z, Huang J, Jiao Y, Liu B, Pang R, Zhong X, Huang S, Luo G, Lee G, Jobin C, Eren AM, Chang EB, Wei H, Pan T, Wang X (2024) Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis modulates host transcriptome and m6 a epitranscriptome via bile acid metabolism. Adv Sci 11:2307981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202307981","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"4395_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25742","volume":"232","author":"N Yanguas-Cas\u00e1s","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yanguas-Cas\u00e1s N, Barreda-Manso MA, Nieto-Sampedro M, Romero-Ram\u00edrez L (2017) TUDCA: An Agonist of the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1\/TGR5 With Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Microglial Cells. J Cell Physiol 232:2231\u20132245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.25742","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"4395_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37182","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.37182","volume":"7","author":"L Yao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yao L, Seaton SC, Ndousse-Fetter S, Adhikari AA, DiBenedetto N, Mina AI, Banks AS, Bry L, Devlin AS (2018) A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism. eLife 7:e37182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.37182","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"4395_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12045","volume":"139","author":"K Yoneno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoneno K, Hisamatsu T, Shimamura K, Kamada N, Ichikawa R, Kitazume MT, Mori M, Uo M, Namikawa Y, Matsuoka K, Sato T, Koganei K, Sugita A, Kanai T, Hibi T (2013) TGR 5 signalling inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by in vitro differentiated inflammatory and intestinal macrophages in Crohn\u2019s disease. Immunology 139:19\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.12045","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"4395_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.003","volume":"39","author":"T Zelante","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zelante T, Iannitti RG, Cunha C, De Luca A, Giovannini G, Pieraccini G, Zecchi R, D\u2019Angelo C, Massi-Benedetti C, Fallarino F, Carvalho A, Puccetti P, Romani L (2013) Tryptophan Catabolites from Microbiota Engage Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Balance Mucosal Reactivity via Interleukin-22. Immunity 39:372\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4395_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051214","volume":"20","author":"H Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng H, Umar S, Rust B, Lazarova D, Bordonaro M (2019) Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer. IJMS 20:1214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20051214","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"4395_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678355","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678355","volume":"12","author":"S Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang S, Gang X, Yang S, Cui M, Sun L, Li Z, Wang G (2021) The Alterations in and the Role of the Th17\/Treg Balance in Metabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 12:678355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678355","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4395_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116567","volume":"174","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Lv T, Wang X, Wu M, Zhang R, Yang X, Fu Y, Liu Z (2024) Role of the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013heart axis between bile acids and cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 174:116567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116567","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4395_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00811","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00811-22","volume":"10","author":"C Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao C, Bao L, Qiu M, Feng L, Chen L, Liu Z, Duan S, Zhao Y, Wu K, Zhang N, Hu X, Fu Y (2022) Dietary Tryptophan-Mediated Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation by the Gut Microbiota Alleviates Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 10:e00811-e822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00811-22","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"4395_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020255","volume":"15","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Ren H, Yang N, Xia X, Chen Q, Zhou D, Liu Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Huang W, Zhou H, Xu H, Zhang W (2023) Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum-Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism to Prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis via the Gut-Joint Axis. Nutrients 15:255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15020255","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4395_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308771","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202308771","volume":"11","author":"T Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao T, Zhong G, Wang Y, Cao R, Song S, Li Y, Wan G, Sun H, Huang M, Bi H, Jiang Y (2024) Pregnane X Receptor Activation in Liver Macrophages Protects against Endotoxin-Induced Liver Injury. Advanced Science 11:2308771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202308771","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"key":"4395_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232725","volume":"12","author":"T Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou T, Ismail A, Francis H (2023a) Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies. Cells 12:2725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12232725","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4395_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Li Y, Hu M, Xu H, Li W (2023) Farnesoid X Receptor Activation Decreases Toll-like Receptor 2 Expression by Upregulating HBeAg Production. Hepat Mon 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/hepatmon-129128","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon-129128"},{"key":"4395_CR165","first-page":"480","volume":"30","author":"X Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu X, Chen Z, Zhang B, Xie S, Wang M (2024) Bile Acid Injection Regulated Blood Glucose in T2DM Rats Via the TGR5\/GLP-1 Rather than FXR\/FGF15 Pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 30:480\u2013485","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04395-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04395-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04395-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T15:03:10Z","timestamp":1753714990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04395-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-025-04395-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-3993","1573-0972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-3993","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}],"article-number":"215"}}