{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:26:56Z","timestamp":1787740016001,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Meteoric Biopharmaceuticals"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017204","name":"Institute of Chemical Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Microbiol Biotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-026-05134-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:30:15Z","timestamp":1786426215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of the anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties of Weizmannia coagulans MBBCM9\u2122 and formulation of a probiotic oral health product"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Sawant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankti","family":"Ganatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Sawant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameya","family":"Parkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mruduka","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikunj","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajakta","family":"Dandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratnesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5134_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abou Elez RMM, Elsohaby I, Al-Mohammadi AR et al (2023) Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum against Listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk, chicken and pregnant women. Front Microbiol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1201201","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1201201"},{"key":"5134_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-022-00484-6","author":"S Aghamohammad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aghamohammad S, Sepehr A, Miri ST et al (2022) The effects of the probiotic cocktail on modulation of the NF-kB and JAK\/STAT signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response in bowel disease model. BMC Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12865-022-00484-6. 23:","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"5134_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aghamohammad S, Sepehr A, Miri ST et al (2023) Ameliorating inflammation in an in vitro model by screening the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of putative probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. Heliyon 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19475"},{"key":"5134_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-9969(02)00112-7","volume":"47","author":"AJ Ahola","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ahola AJ, Yli-Knuuttila H, Suomalainen T et al (2002) Short-term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factors. Arch Oral Biol 47:799\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0003-9969(02)00112-7","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"5134_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-018-1090-z","volume":"57","author":"A Ahuja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahuja A, Potanin A (2018) Rheological and sensory properties of toothpastes. Rheol Acta 57:459\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00397-018-1090-z","journal-title":"Rheol Acta"},{"key":"5134_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12608","volume":"54","author":"E Albuquerque-Souza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albuquerque-Souza E, Balzarini D, Ando-Suguimoto ES et al (2019) Probiotics alter the immune response of gingival epithelial cells challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 54:115\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12608","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"5134_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12415","volume":"52","author":"B Alkaya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alkaya B, Laleman I, Keceli S et al (2017) Clinical effects of probiotics containing Bacillus species on gingivitis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Periodontal Res 52:497\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.12415","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"5134_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-017-0159-6","volume":"4","author":"RP Allaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Allaker RP, Stephen AS (2017) Use of Probiotics and Oral Health. Curr Oral Health Rep 4:309\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40496-017-0159-6","journal-title":"Curr Oral Health Rep"},{"key":"5134_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W et al (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"5134_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.17392\/870-16","volume":"14","author":"IP Ami\u017ei\u0107","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ami\u017ei\u0107 IP, Cigi\u0107 L, Gavi\u0107 L et al (2017) Antimicrobial efficacy of probiotic-containing toothpastes: An in vitro evaluation. Med Glas 14:139\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17392\/870-16","journal-title":"Med Glas"},{"key":"5134_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-024-01631-8","volume":"33","author":"MA Anwar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anwar MA, Sayed GA, Hal DM et al (2025) Herbal remedies for oral and dental health: a comprehensive review of their multifaceted mechanisms including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways. Inflammopharmacology 33:1085\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-024-01631-8","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"5134_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2011.08.004","volume":"166","author":"HA Ardakani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ardakani HA, Mitsoulis E, Hatzikiriakos SG (2011) Thixotropic flow of toothpaste through extrusion dies. J Nonnewton Fluid Mech 166:1262\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2011.08.004","journal-title":"J Nonnewton Fluid Mech"},{"key":"5134_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290705.x","volume":"29","author":"NB Arweiler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arweiler NB, Auschill TM, Reich E, Netuschil L (2002) Substantivity of toothpaste slurries and their effect on reestablishment of the dental biofilm. J Clin Periodontol 29:615\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290705.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"5134_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3290\/j.ohpd.b2182977","volume":"19","author":"NB Arweiler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arweiler NB, M\u00fcller-Breitenkamp F, Heumann C et al (2021) Antibacterial Action, Substantivity and Anti-plaque Effect of Different Toothpaste Slurries - A Randomised Controlled Trial. Oral Health Prev Dent 19:529\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3290\/j.ohpd.b2182977","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"5134_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aspinall SR, Parker JK, Khutoryanskiy VV (2021a) Role of mucoadhesive polymers in retention of toothpaste in the oral cavity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112104"},{"key":"5134_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babalola BM, Wilson LD (2024) Valorization of Eggshell as Renewable Materials for Sustainable Biocomposite Adsorbents\u2014An Overview. J Compos Sci 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcs8100414","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs8100414"},{"key":"5134_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12162","volume":"32","author":"JL Baker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baker JL, Faustoferri RC, Quivey RG (2017) Acid-adaptive mechanisms of Streptococcus mutans \u2013the more we know, the more we don\u2019t. Mol Oral Microbiol 32:107\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/omi.12162","journal-title":"Mol Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2025\/v37i67708","volume":"37","author":"A Banu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Banu A, Ali NM, Muqeeth FMA, Shoeib MA (2025) Herbal Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals: A Natural Approach to Skin, Hair, and Oral Care. J Pharm Res Int 37:122\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/jpri\/2025\/v37i67708","journal-title":"J Pharm Res Int"},{"key":"5134_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barbosa-C\u00e1novas GV, Fontana AJ, Schmidt SJ et al (2007) Water Activity in Foods Fundamentals and Applications Editors Water Activity in Foods. Blackwell Publishing and the Institute of Food Technologists. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470376454","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470376454"},{"key":"5134_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0257(98)00094-9","volume":"81","author":"HA Barnes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barnes HA, Barnes HA (1999) The yield stress-a review or \u2019panta roi\u2019-everything flows? J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 81:133\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0377-0257(98)00094-9","journal-title":"J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech"},{"key":"5134_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112292","volume":"135","author":"A Bernardette Mart\u00ednez-Rizo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bernardette Mart\u00ednez-Rizo A, Fosado-Rodr\u00edguez R, C\u00e9sar Torres-Romero J et al (2024) Models in vivo and in vitro for the study of acute and chronic inflammatory activity: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 135:112292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112292","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"5134_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2017.04.002","volume":"8","author":"M Bouassida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bouassida M, Fourati N, Krichen F et al (2017) Potential application of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 lipopeptides in toothpaste formulation Application of biosurfactant in toothpaste. J Adv Res 8:425\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2017.04.002","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"5134_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350600801709","volume":"64","author":"E \u00c7aglar","year":"2006","unstructured":"\u00c7aglar E, Cildir SK, Ergeneli S et al (2006) Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws or tablets. Acta Odontol Scand 64:314\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016350600801709","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"5134_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2007.00866.x","volume":"18","author":"E \u00c7aglar","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u00c7aglar E, Kuscu OO, Cildir SK et al (2008a) A probiotic lozenge administered medical device and its effect on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Int J Paediatr Dent 18:35\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2007.00866.x","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"5134_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350802089467","volume":"66","author":"E \u00c7aglar","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u00c7aglar E, Onder Kuscu O, Selvi Kuvvetli S et al (2008b) Short-term effect of ice-cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 on the number of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Acta Odontol Scand 66:154\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016350802089467","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"5134_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.8.2457-2464.2003","volume":"185","author":"RM Cabrera-Martinez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cabrera-Martinez RM, Tovar-Rojo F, Ramana Vepachedu V, Setlow P (2003) Effects of overexpression of nutrient receptors on germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 185:2457\u20132464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.185.8.2457-2464.2003","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5134_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotri.2017.03.001","volume":"10","author":"H Cai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cai H, Li Y, Chen J (2017) Rheology and Tribology Study of the Sensory Perception of Oral Care Products. Biotribology 10:17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biotri.2017.03.001","journal-title":"Biotribology"},{"key":"5134_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W et al (2020) Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103643"},{"key":"5134_CR29","unstructured":"Cappuccino JG, Sherman N (1999) Microbiology: A laboratory manual. Benjamin\/Cummings, Menlo Park. ISBN: 9780805376463"},{"key":"5134_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10061","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610061","volume":"19","author":"GS Chatzopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chatzopoulos GS, Karakostas P, Kavakloglou S et al (2022) Clinical Effectiveness of Herbal Oral Care Products in Periodontitis Patients: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:10061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191610061","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5134_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2978","volume":"39","author":"YF Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen YF, Wang SY, Yang YH et al (2017) Targeting HSF1 leads to an antitumor effect in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Med 39:1564\u20131570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2978","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"5134_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-25-1-151","volume":"25","author":"ME Chislett","year":"1961","unstructured":"Chislett ME, Kushner DJ (1961) Germination Under Alkaline Conditions and Transmission of Alkali Resistance by Endospores of Certain Strains of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus circulans. J Gen Microbiol 25:151\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00221287-25-1-151","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-017-0164-5","volume":"26","author":"W Cho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cho W, Il, Chung MS (2017) Antimicrobial effect of a combination of herb extract and organic acid against Bacillus subtilis spores. Food Sci Biotechnol 26:1423\u20131428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10068-017-0164-5","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"5134_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi E-M, Park S-K (2025) The efficacy of lactic acid bacteria-based toothpaste on oral health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oral Health 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1668943","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1668943"},{"key":"5134_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chugh P, Dutt R, Sharma A et al (2020) A critical appraisal of the effects of probiotics on oral health. J Funct Foods 70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103985"},{"key":"5134_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn108","volume":"31","author":"SK Cildir","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cildir SK, Germec D, Sandalli N et al (2009) Reduction of salivary mutans streptococci in orthodontic patients during daily consumption of yoghurt containing probiotic bacteria. Eur J Orthod 31:407\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjn108","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"5134_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cirio S, Salerno C, Guglielmetti SD et al (2025) In Vivo Study on the Salivary Kinetics of Two Probiotic Strains Delivered via Chewing Gum. Microorganisms 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13040721","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040721"},{"key":"5134_CR42","unstructured":"(Consumer Voice (2013, October) Herbal toothpastes: What\u2019s the composition? Consumer Voice :17\u201324"},{"key":"5134_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.10.003","volume":"55","author":"JE Creeth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Creeth JE, Kelly SA, Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabezas C et al (2016) Effect of toothbrushing duration and dentifrice quantity on enamel remineralisation: An in situ randomized clinical trial. J Dent 55:61\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.10.003","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"5134_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20368","volume":"71A","author":"UP Cronin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cronin UP, Wilkinson MG (2007) The use of flow cytometry to study the germination of Bacillus cereus endospores. Cytometry Part A 71A:143\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.a.20368","journal-title":"Cytometry Part A"},{"key":"5134_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13305","author":"R Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui R, Zhang C, Pan Z et al (2024) Probiotic-fermented edible herbs as functional foods: A review of current status, challenges, and strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1541-4337.13305. 23:","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"5134_CR41","first-page":"58","volume":"20","author":"T Cundell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cundell T (2015) The role of water activity in the microbial stability of non-sterile drug products. Eur Pharm Rev 20:58\u201363","journal-title":"Eur Pharm Rev"},{"key":"5134_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-021-01292-2","volume":"60","author":"JHL da Fons\u00eaca","year":"2021","unstructured":"da Fons\u00eaca JHL, d\u2019\u00c1vila MA (2021) Rheological behavior of carboxymethylcellulose and cellulose nanocrystal aqueous dispersions. Rheol Acta 60:497\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00397-021-01292-2","journal-title":"Rheol Acta"},{"key":"5134_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"I Das","year":"2013","unstructured":"Das I, Roy S, Chandni S, Loganathan K, Kumar G, Rao BR (2013) Biosurfactant from marine actinobacteria and its application in cosmetic formulation of toothpaste. Der Pharm Lett 5:1\u20136","journal-title":"Der Pharm Lett"},{"key":"5134_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Oliveira MS, da Silva NP, de Paula MSA et al (2025) Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) nanocapsules coated with Chitosan optimize the antimicrobial activity of Tea Tree Oil and Azithromycin against oral pathogens. Microb Pathog 206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107820"},{"key":"5134_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","volume":"23","author":"PN Deo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deo PN, Deshmukh R (2019) Oral microbiome: Unveiling the fundamentals. J Oral Maxillofacial Pathol 23:122\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofacial Pathol"},{"key":"5134_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-273417","volume":"117","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dinarello CA (2011) Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Blood 117:3720\u20133732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2010-07-273417","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"5134_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061129","volume":"10","author":"M Dinis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dinis M, Traynor W, Agnello M et al (2022) Tooth-Specific Streptococcus mutans Distribution and Associated Microbiome. Microorganisms 10:1129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10061129","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"5134_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Driessens FCM, Theuns HM, Borggreven JMPM J.W.E.van Dijk (1986) Solubility behaviour of Whole Human Enamel. Caries 103\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000260928","DOI":"10.1159\/000260928"},{"key":"5134_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El Enshasy H, Malik K, Malek RA et al (2016) Anaerobic probiotics: The key microbes for human health. Advances in Biochemical Engineering\/Biotechnology. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH :397\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/10_2015_5008","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2015_5008"},{"key":"5134_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feddersen RL, Thorp SN (2012) Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose. Industrial Gums: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives: Third Edition. Elsevier Inc :537\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-08-092654-4.50024-3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-092654-4.50024-3"},{"key":"5134_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1086","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1127","volume":"43","author":"S Federhen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Federhen S (2015) Type material in the NCBI Taxonomy Database. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D1086\u2013D1098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gku1127","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5134_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030290","volume":"2","author":"SD Forssten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Forssten SD, Bj\u00f6rklund M, Ouwehand AC (2010) Streptococcus mutans, Caries and Simulation Models. Nutrients 2:290\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu2030290","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5134_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao X, Swarge BN, Roseboom W et al (2022) Time-Resolved Proteomics of Germinating Spores of Bacillus cereus. Int J Mol Sci 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232113614","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113614"},{"issue":"1","key":"5134_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-1-307","volume":"148","author":"PC Genest","year":"2002","unstructured":"Genest PC et al (2002) Killing of spores of Bacillus subtilis by peroxynitrite appears to be caused by membrane damage. Microbiology 148(1):307\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00221287-148-1-307","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5134_CR56","first-page":"39","volume":"7","author":"J Ghapanchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghapanchi J, Kamali F, Moattari A, Poorshahidi S, Shahin E, Rezazadeh F, Khorshidi H, Jamshidi S (2015) In vitro comparison of cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of 16 commercial toothpastes. J Int Oral Health 7(3):39\u201343","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"5134_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1159\/000494146","volume":"11","author":"M Grant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grant M, Kilsg\u00e5rd O, \u00c5kerman S et al (2019) The Human Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide Profile according to the Oral Microbiota in Health, Periodontitis and Smoking. J Innate Immun 11:432\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000494146","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"5134_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haider MS, Ahmad T, Yang M et al (2021) Tuning the thermogelation and rheology of poly(2-oxazoline)\/poly(2-oxazine)s based thermosensitive hydrogels for 3d bioprinting. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels7030078","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7030078"},{"key":"5134_CR59","unstructured":"Harwood CR, Cutting SM (1988) Molecular biological methods for Bacillus. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. ISBN: 0471923931"},{"key":"5134_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj1970.7.2_10","volume":"7","author":"S Hashimoto","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hashimoto S (1972) Rheology of Toothpaste. J Soc Cosmet Chem Japan 7:10\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5107\/sccj1970.7.2_10","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem Japan"},{"key":"5134_CR156","unstructured":"Hashman TE, Matheny M (2016) Dried spore germinative compound mixtures. US Patent US 20160362654A1, published Dec 15 2016"},{"key":"5134_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.08.015","volume":"27","author":"HA Hemeg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hemeg HA, Moussa IM, Ibrahim S et al (2020) Antimicrobial effect of different herbal plant extracts against different microbial population. Saudi J Biol Sci 27:3221\u20133227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.08.015","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"5134_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581809340705","volume":"28","author":"JD Hillman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hillman JD, McDonell E, Hillman CH et al (2009) Safety assessment of ProBiora3, a probiotic mouthwash: Subchronic toxicity study in rats. Int J Toxicol 28:357\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581809340705","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"5134_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2016.07.005","volume":"11","author":"H Hung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hung H, Te, Ye DQ, Lai CH (2016) Comparison of the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to commonly used dental alloys stratified by gold content. J Dent Sci 11:437\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2016.07.005","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"5134_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.95.6.2090-2101.1968","author":"M Hyatt","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hyatt M, Levinson H (1968) Water vapor, aqueous ethyl alcohol, and heat activation of Bacillus megaterium spore germination. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.95.6.2090-2101.1968. 95:","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5134_CR66","unstructured":"ICH (2003) International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products Q1A(R2)"},{"key":"5134_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00070.x","volume":"104","author":"T Imfeld","year":"1996","unstructured":"Imfeld T (1996) Prevention of progression of dental erosion by professional and individual prophylactic measures. Eur J Oral Sci 104:215\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00070.x","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"5134_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2329\/perio.45.105","volume":"45","author":"H Ishikawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ishikawa H, Alba\u2019 Y, Nakanishi M et al (2003) Suppression of Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria in the Saliva of Humans by the Administration of Lactobacillus salivarius TI 2711. J Japanese Soc Periodontology 45:105\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2329\/perio.45.105","journal-title":"J Japanese Soc Periodontology"},{"key":"5134_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-2812-1","volume":"20","author":"C Janakiram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Janakiram C, Venkitachalam R, Fontelo P et al (2020) Effectiveness of herbal oral care products in reducing dental plaque & gingivitis \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 20:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-020-2812-1","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"5134_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.696693","volume":"71","author":"G Johannsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johannsen G, Tellefsen G, Johannsen A, Liljeborg A (2013) The importance of measuring toothpaste abrasivity in both a quantitative and qualitative way. Acta Odontol Scand 71:508\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016357.2012.696693","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"5134_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S207","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2149","volume":"15","author":"A Kamble","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamble A, Jabin Z, Agarwal N, Anand A (2022) Effectiveness of Oral Probiotics in Reducing S. Mutans Count in Caries-active Children: A Comparison with Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouthrinse (Hiora\u00ae). Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 15:S207\u2013S211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2149","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"5134_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2016.1185386","volume":"36","author":"I Kato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kato I, Vasquez A, Moyerbrailean G et al (2017) Nutritional Correlates of Human Oral Microbiome. J Am Coll Nutr 36:88\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.2016.1185386","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"5134_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijohd.2020.029","volume":"6","author":"J Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur J, Paul R, Gupta D et al (2020) Clinical efficacy of a probiotic fluoride dentifrice: A comparitive clinical and microbiologic study. Int J Oral Health Dentistry 6:131\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18231\/j.ijohd.2020.029","journal-title":"Int J Oral Health Dentistry"},{"key":"5134_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaushik G, Patel M (2023) Draft Genome Sequence of Weizmannia coagulans MB BCM9, a Stable Spore-Forming Probiotic. Microbiol Resour Announc 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mra.01212-22","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.01212-22"},{"key":"5134_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kawar N, Park SG, Schwartz JL et al (2021) Salivary microbiome with gastroesophageal reflux disease and treatment. Sci Rep 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-80170-y","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80170-y"},{"key":"5134_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khalaf H, Nakka SS, Sand\u00e9n C et al (2016) Antibacterial effects of Lactobacillus and bacteriocin PLNC8 \u03b1\u03b2 on the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. BMC Microbiol 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-016-0810-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0810-8"},{"key":"5134_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan SA, Fidel PL, Al Thunayyan A et al (2013) Impaired histatin-5 levels and salivary antimicrobial activity against C. Albicans in HIV infected individuals. J AIDS Clin Res 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2155-6113.1000193","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000193"},{"key":"5134_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_510_20","volume":"12","author":"V Kharkar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kharkar V, Kolte A, Kolte R et al (2021) Influence of adjunctive photodynamic therapy on Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-10 gingival crevicular fluid levels in chronic periodontitis - A randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Dent 12:235\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_510_20","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"5134_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kharwar A, Bazaz MR, Dandekar MP (2022) Quantitative and qualitative characterization of commercially available oral suspension of probiotic products containing Bacillus Clausii spores. BMC Microbiol 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02631-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02631-w"},{"key":"5134_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KK S, C SC, K S, et al (2023) Development and Characterisation of an Optimised Toothpaste of Achyranthes aspera plant extract for the Effective Protection from Dental Black Stain forming Chromogenic bacteria species. South African Journal of Botany 154:46\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.01.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.01.024"},{"key":"5134_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00435-15","volume":"198","author":"SM Knudsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knudsen SM, Cermak N, Feij\u00f3 Delgado F et al (2016) Water and Small-Molecule Permeation of Dormant Bacillus subtilis Spores. J Bacteriol 198:168\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.00435-15","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5134_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2381","volume":"8","author":"PE Kolenbrander","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kolenbrander PE, Palmer RJ, Periasamy S, Jakubovics NS (2010) Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell\u2013cell distance. Nat Rev Microbiol 8:471\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro2381","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Konuray G, Erginkaya Z (2018) Potential use of Bacillus coagulans in the food industry. Foods 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods7060092","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7060092"},{"key":"5134_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koopman N, Remijas L, Seppen J et al (2022) Mechanisms and Applications of Bacterial Sporulation and Germination in the Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23063405","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063405"},{"key":"5134_CR83","unstructured":"K\u00fcchenmeister C, Plog JP (2014) How much squeezing power is required to get the toothpaste out of the tube? Yield stress determination using the HAAKE Viscotester iQ. Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Note V-275"},{"key":"5134_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","volume":"16","author":"RJ Lamont","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lamont RJ, Koo H, Hajishengallis G (2018) The oral microbiota: dynamic communities and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 16:745\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1515\/epoly-2021-0077","volume":"21","author":"G Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li G, Zhang M, Ji H et al (2021a) The optimization of Carreau model and rheological behavior of alumina\/linear low-density polyethylene composites with different alumina content and diameter. E-Polymers 21:742\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/epoly-2021-0077","journal-title":"E-Polymers"},{"key":"5134_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c00642","volume":"84","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Wen H, Ge X (2021b) Hormesis Effect of Berberine against Klebsiella pneumoniae Is Mediated by Up-Regulation of the Efflux Pump KmrA. J Nat Prod 84:2885\u20132892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c00642","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"5134_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang J, Li C, Chen Z et al (2024) Progress of research and application of Heyndrickxia coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) as probiotic bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1415790","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1415790"},{"key":"5134_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.902237","volume":"23","author":"X Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin X, Chen X, Tu Y et al (2017) Effect of probiotic lactobacilli on the growth of streptococcus mutans and multispecies biofilms isolated from children with active caries. Med Sci Monit 23:4175\u20134181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.902237","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"5134_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000350456","volume":"23","author":"F Lippert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lippert F (2013) An introduction to toothpaste\u2014its purpose, history and ingredients. Monogr Oral Sci 23:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000350456","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"key":"5134_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12305","volume":"67","author":"F Lippert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lippert F, Arrageg MA, Eckert GJ, Hara AT (2017) Interaction between toothpaste abrasivity and toothbrush filament stiffness on the development of erosive\/abrasive lesions in vitro. Int Dent J 67:344\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/idj.12305","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"5134_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s13367-015-0021-0","volume":"27","author":"Z Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Z, Liu L, Zhou H et al (2015) Toothpaste microstructure and rheological behaviors including aging and partial rejuvenation. Korea Australia Rheology J 27:207\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13367-015-0021-0","journal-title":"Korea Australia Rheology J"},{"key":"5134_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(90)90075-2","volume":"141","author":"JJ Lucchini","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lucchini JJ, Corre J, Cremieux A (1990) Antibacterial activity of phenolic compounds and aromatic alcohols. Res Microbiol 141:499\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0923-2508(90)90075-2","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13160","volume":"22","author":"F Lyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lyu F, Zhang T, Gui M et al (2023) The underlying mechanism of bacterial spore germination: An update review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 22:2728\u20132746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1541-4337.13160","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"5134_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.13044","volume":"51","author":"M Majeed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Majeed M, Majeed S, Nagabhushanam K et al (2016) Evaluation of the stability of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 during processing and storage of functional foods. Int J Food Sci Technol 51:894\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijfs.13044","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"5134_CR96","first-page":"161","volume":"3","author":"UT Mamza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mamza UT, Sodipo OA, Abdulrahman FI, Khan IZ (2018) Phytochemical Analysis and In vitro Antimicrobial Assay of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch. (Burseraceae). Chem Res J 3:161\u2013168 ISSN 2455\u20138990","journal-title":"Chem Res J"},{"key":"5134_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maria Comelli E, Guggenheim B, Stingele F, Neeser J-R (2002) Selection of dairy bacterial strains as probiotics for oral health. Eur J Oral Sci 110: 218\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.21216.x","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.21216.x"},{"key":"5134_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10091823","volume":"10","author":"I Mari\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mari\u0107 I, Vuji\u010di\u0107 N\u0160, Pustak A et al (2020) Rheological, microstructural and thermal properties of magnetic poly(Ethylene oxide)\/iron oxide nanocomposite hydrogels synthesized using a one-step gamma-irradiation method. Nanomaterials 10:1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano10091823","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"5134_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00790.x","volume":"32","author":"PD Marsh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marsh PD (2005) Dental plaque: biological significance of a biofilm and community life-style. J Clin Periodontol 32:7\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00790.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"5134_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044451140-9\/50013-5","volume-title":"Adhesion science and engineering","author":"JM Martin-Martinez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martin-Martinez JM (2002) Rubber base adhesives. In: Dillard DA, Pocius AV (eds) Adhesion science and engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-044451140-9\/50013-5"},{"key":"5134_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McGarry SV, Grinage EAF, Sanchez K et al (2025) Germinated Spores of the Probiotic Bacterium Bacillus coagulans JBI-YZ6.3 Support Dynamic Changes in Intestinal Epithelial Communication and Resilience to Mechanical Wounding. Microorganisms 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13071466","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071466"},{"key":"5134_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.120644","volume":"84","author":"MR Messora","year":"2013","unstructured":"Messora MR, Oliveira LFF, Foureaux RC et al (2013) Probiotic Therapy Reduces Periodontal Tissue Destruction and Improves the Intestinal Morphology in Rats With Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. J Periodontol 84:1818\u20131826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2013.120644","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"5134_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Milutinovi\u0107 M, Dimitrijevi\u0107-Brankovi\u0107 S, Rajili\u0107-Stojanovi\u0107 M (2021) Plant Extracts Rich in Polyphenols as Potent Modulators in the Growth of Probiotic and Pathogenic Intestinal Microorganisms. Front Nutr 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.688843","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.688843"},{"key":"5134_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moharamzadeh K (2017) Biocompatibility of oral care products. In: Shelton R (ed) Biocompatibility of dental biomaterials. Woodhead Publishing, pp 113\u2013129. ISBN 9780081008843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-08-100884-3.00008-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100884-3.00008-4"},{"key":"5134_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.44.100190.002531","volume":"44","author":"A Moir","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moir A, Smith DA (1990) The genetics of bacterial spore germination. Annu Rev Microbiol 44:531\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.mi.44.100190.002531","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10213","volume":"61","author":"B M\u00fcller","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00fcller B, Meyer JS, G\u00e4chter R (2016) Alkalinity regulation in calcium carbonate-buffered lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 61:341\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lno.10213","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"5134_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00fcnstedt H (2021) Rheological measurements and structural analysis of polymeric materials. Polym (Basel) 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym13071123","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13071123"},{"key":"5134_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s40495-020-00235-4","volume":"6","author":"A Murakami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murakami A (2020) Hormesis-Mediated Mechanisms Underlying Bioactivities of Phytochemicals. Curr Pharmacol Rep 6:325\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40495-020-00235-4","journal-title":"Curr Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"5134_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6725","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01817-15","volume":"81","author":"K Nagler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagler K, Setlow P, Reineke K et al (2015) Involvement of coat proteins in Bacillus subtilis spore germination in high-salinity environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:6725\u20136735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01817-15","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR110","unstructured":"Natalie Asmussen (2023) Oral Probiotics. The Best Dental Supplements for a Healthy Mouth and Body"},{"key":"5134_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nishihara T, Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Hirofuji T (2014) Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius-containing tablets on caries risk factors: A randomized open-label clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6831-14-110","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-110"},{"key":"5134_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nowakowska D, Kulbacka J, Wezgowiec J et al (2021) Biological response induced in primary human gingival fibroblasts upon exposure to various types of injectable astringent retraction agents. Materials 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14082081","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14082081"},{"key":"5134_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.14419\/ijac.v6i1.10808","volume":"6","author":"J Ogboji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ogboji J, Chindo Y, Jauro I A, et al (2018) Formulation, physicochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of green toothpaste on streptococcus mutans. Int J Adv Chem 6:108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14419\/ijac.v6i1.10808","journal-title":"Int J Adv Chem"},{"key":"5134_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.01.005","volume":"50","author":"N Okahashi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okahashi N, Nakata M, Terao Y et al (2011) Pili of oral Streptococcus sanguinis bind to salivary amylase and promote the biofilm formation. Microb Pathog 50:148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.01.005","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"5134_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oluwasina OO, Idris SO, Ogidi CO, Igbe FO (2023) Production of herbal toothpaste: Physical, organoleptic, phyto-compound, and antimicrobial properties. Heliyon 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13892"},{"key":"5134_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0648-2","volume":"16","author":"MPT Otten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Otten MPT, Busscher HJ, Abbas F et al (2012) Plaque-left-behind after brushing: Intra-oral reservoir for antibacterial toothpaste ingredients. Clin Oral Investig 16:1435\u20131442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-011-0648-2","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5134_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2004.3362","volume":"38","author":"TOKSOYM Ozan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozan TOKSOYM, Tugcu-demi\u0307r\u00f6z F, Tirnaksiz F (2013) Evaluation of Rheological and Textural Properties of Toothpastes. J Pharm Sci 38:135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17305\/bjbms.2004.3362","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"5134_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pandey BP, Adhikari K, Pradhan SP et al (2020) In-vitro antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants from western Nepal. Futur J Pharm Sci 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43094-020-00107-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-020-00107-0"},{"key":"5134_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.10.004","volume":"19","author":"D Paredes-Sabja","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paredes-Sabja D, Setlow P, Sarker MR (2011) Germination of spores of Bacillales and Clostridiales species: mechanisms and proteins involved. Trends Microbiol 19:85\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2010.10.004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121309","volume":"9","author":"S Parham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parham S, Kharazi AZ, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR et al (2020) Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials. Antioxidants 9:1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9121309","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"5134_CR149","unstructured":"Patel S, Patel M, Kaushik G et al (2024) Innovative Fusion of Probiotics and Mouth Fresheners: Investigating Unaltered Growth, Microscopic Analysis, and Mucoadhesive Strength. Int J Pharm Compd 28:229\u2013239"},{"key":"5134_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen PE (2008) Oral health. In: Heggenhougen K, Quah S (eds) International Encyclopedia of Public Health, vol 4. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 677\u2013685","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373960-5.00527-X"},{"key":"5134_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2010.09.019","volume":"56","author":"LC Pham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pham LC, Hoogenkamp MA, Exterkate RAM et al (2011) Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on saliva-derived microcosms. Arch Oral Biol 56:136\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2010.09.019","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"5134_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.30","author":"NB Pitts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD et al (2017) Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Primers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.30. 3:","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"5134_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polo A, Cappello C, Carafa I et al (2022) A novel functional herbal tea containing probiotic Bacillus coagulans GanedenBC30: An in vitro study using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). J Funct Foods 88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104873"},{"key":"5134_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.614-620","volume":"12","author":"VC Prakasita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prakasita VC, Asmara W, Widyarini S, Wahyuni AETH (2019) Combinations of herbs and probiotics as an alternative growth promoter: An in vitro study. Vet World 12:614\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2019.614-620","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"5134_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110334","volume":"371","author":"G Purohit Manish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Purohit Manish G, Gaurav A, Obaid et al (2023) Janus kinase\/signal transducers and activator of transcription (JAK\/STAT) and its role in Lung inflammatory disease. Chem Biol Interact 371:110334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110334","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"5134_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Radhamanalan G (2026) Postbiotics and phage synergy in precision oral microbiome engineering: systems biology strategies targeting Streptococcus mutans in dental caries. Front Mol Biosci 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2026.1766853","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2026.1766853"},{"key":"5134_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1515\/cti-2022-0010","volume":"4","author":"H Ramli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramli H, Zainal NFA, Hess M, Chan CH (2022) Basic principle and good practices of rheology for polymers for teachers and beginners. Chem Teacher Int 4:307\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cti-2022-0010","journal-title":"Chem Teacher Int"},{"key":"5134_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2010.483615","volume":"15","author":"SMA Razavi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Razavi SMA, Karazhiyan H (2012) Rheological and textural characteristics of date paste. Int J Food Prop 15:281\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10942912.2010.483615","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop"},{"key":"5134_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sali SS, Hale JDF, Jain R (2025) A New Frontier in Oral Care: Live Streptococcus salivarius M18 Probiotic Toothpaste. Appl Microbiol (Switzerland) 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/applmicrobiol5010014","DOI":"10.3390\/applmicrobiol5010014"},{"key":"5134_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-003-0236-1","volume":"7","author":"L Sbordone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sbordone L, Bortolaia C (2003) Oral microbial biofilms and plaque-related diseases: microbial communities and their role in the shift from oral health to disease. Clin Oral Investig 7:181\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-003-0236-1","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5134_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12606","volume":"43","author":"U Schlagenhauf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schlagenhauf U, Jakob L, Eigenthaler M et al (2016) Regular consumption of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges reduces pregnancy gingivitis: an RCT. J Clin Periodontol 43:948\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12606","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"5134_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmitter T, Fiebich BL, Fischer JT et al (2018) Ex vivo anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics for periodontal health. J Oral Microbiol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20002297.2018.1502027","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2018.1502027"},{"key":"5134_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12393","volume":"87","author":"L Sedghi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A et al (2021) The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontol 2000 87:107\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12393","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"5134_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC12","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/16310.7351","volume":"10","author":"C Seethalakshmi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seethalakshmi C, Jagat Reddy RC, Asifa N, Prabhu S (2016) Correlation of salivary pH, incidence of dental caries and periodontal status in diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res 10:ZC12\u2013ZC14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/16310.7351","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"5134_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_209_20","volume":"12","author":"K Selvaraj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Selvaraj K, Bharath N, Natarajan R et al (2020) Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of toothpastes containing probiotic and neem as primary ingredient on salivary Streptococcus mutans in Melmaruvathur population: An in vivo study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 12:595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_209_20","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"5134_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01455-13","volume":"196","author":"P Setlow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Setlow P (2014) Germination of spores of Bacillus species: What we know and do not know. J Bacteriol 196:1297\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.01455-13","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5134_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaheena S, Chintagunta AD, Dirisala VR, Sampath Kumar NS (2019) Extraction of bioactive compounds from Psidium guajava and their application in dentistry. AMB Express 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0935-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-019-0935-x"},{"key":"5134_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.162101","volume":"9","author":"BRC Shekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shekar BRC, Nagarajappa R, Suma S, Thakur R (2015) Herbal extracts in oral health care - A review of the current scenario and its future needs. Pharmacogn Rev 9:87\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0973-7847.162101","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev"},{"key":"5134_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.10.030","volume":"198","author":"D Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi D, Mi G, Wang M, Webster TJ (2019) In vitro and ex vivo systems at the forefront of infection modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 198:228\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.10.030","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5134_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01306.x","volume":"35","author":"H Shimauchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shimauchi H, Mayanagi G, Nakaya S et al (2008) Improvement of periodontal condition by probiotics with Lactobacillus salivarius WB21: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 35:897\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01306.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"5134_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892002287336240328083220","volume":"25","author":"Y Shinde","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shinde Y, Deokar G (2024) Regulation of Gut Microbiota by Herbal Medicines. Curr Drug Metab 25:110\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113892002287336240328083220","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"5134_CR143","unstructured":"Sri A, Amal S, Hussain S, Amin Jalaluddin M (2015) Preparation of Artificial Saliva Formulation. In: Current Breakthrough in Pharmacy Materials and Analyses"},{"key":"5134_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Srivastava V, Dhiman VK, Pandey A et al (2025) Harnessing the medicinal potential of herbs through hormesis: Perspectives in global health and therapeutics. Food Chem Adv 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focha.2025.101011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2025.101011"},{"key":"5134_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1159\/000235581","volume":"43","author":"C Stecks\u00e9n-Blicks","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stecks\u00e9n-Blicks C, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m I, Twetman S (2009) Effect of long-term consumption of milk supplemented with probiotic lactobacilli and fluoride on dental caries and general health in preschool children: A cluster-randomized study. Caries Res 43:374\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000235581","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5134_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stoli\u0107 Jovanovi\u0107 A, Martinovi\u0107 M, \u017dugi\u0107 A et al (2023) Derivatives of L-Ascorbic Acid in Emulgel: Development and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Topical Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030813","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030813"},{"key":"5134_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12083","volume":"2","author":"AG Stovell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stovell AG, Newton BM, Lynch RJM (2013) Important considerations in the development of toothpaste formulations for children. Int Dent J 63 Suppl 2:57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/idj.12083","journal-title":"Int Dent J 63 Suppl"},{"key":"5134_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sui X, Guo L, Bao Z et al (2025) Efflux Pumps and Porins Enhance Bacterial Tolerance to Phenolic Compounds by Inhibiting Hydroxyl Radical Generation. Microorganisms 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13010202","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010202"},{"key":"5134_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2012.09.003","volume":"98\u201399","author":"K Takamura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takamura K, Fischer H, Morrow NR (2012) Physical properties of aqueous glycerol solutions. J Pet Sci Eng 98\u201399:50\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.petrol.2012.09.003","journal-title":"J Pet Sci Eng"},{"key":"5134_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teame T, Wang A, Xie M et al (2020) Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review. Front Nutr 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2020.570344","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.570344"},{"key":"5134_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.12.019","volume":"73","author":"J Techawipharat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Techawipharat J, Suphantharika M, BeMiller JN (2008) Effects of cellulose derivatives and carrageenans on the pasting, paste, and gel properties of rice starches. Carbohydr Polym 73:417\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.12.019","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"5134_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.194102","volume":"7","author":"M Tehrani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tehrani M, Akhlaghi N, Talebian L et al (2016) Effects of probiotic drop containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Lactobacillus reuteri on salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels. Contemp Clin Dent 7:469\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-237X.194102","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"5134_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-018-1361-z","volume":"68","author":"N Tehri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tehri N, Kumar N, Raghu HV, Vashishth A (2018) Biomarkers of bacterial spore germination. Ann Microbiol 68:513\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13213-018-1361-z","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol"},{"key":"5134_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.02.002","volume":"70","author":"OS Toker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toker OS, Karasu S, Yilmaz MT, Karaman S (2015) Three interval thixotropy test (3ITT) in food applications: A novel technique to determine structural regeneration of mayonnaise under different shear conditions. Food Res Int 70:125\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.02.002","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"5134_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0790-9","volume":"28","author":"S Tsubura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsubura S, Mizunuma H, Ishikawa S et al (2009) The effect of Bacillus subtilis mouth rinsing in patients with periodontitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28:1353\u20131356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-009-0790-9","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"5134_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Holm W, Lauwens K, De Wever P et al (2023) Probiotics for oral health: do they deliver what they promise? Front Microbiol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1219692","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1219692"},{"key":"5134_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vajrabhaya Longthong, Korsuwannawong S (2018) Cytotoxicity evaluation of a Thai herb using tetrazolium (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. J Anal Sci Technol 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40543-018-0146-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s40543-018-0146-0"},{"key":"5134_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12120378","volume":"12","author":"L Vajrabhaya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vajrabhaya L, Benjasupattananan S, Sappayatosok K et al (2024) Efficacy of a Herbal Toothpaste During Active Periodontal Treatment: A Clinical Study. Dent J (Basel) 12:378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj12120378","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"5134_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.10.004","volume":"57","author":"A Vincenzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vincenzi A, Goettert MI, Volken de Souza CF (2021) An evaluation of the effects of probiotics on tumoral necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1) signaling and gene expression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 57:27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.10.004","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"5134_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vivekananda MR, Vandana KL, Bhat KG (2010) Effect of the probiotic Lactobacilli reuteri (prodentis) in the management of periodontal disease: A preliminary randomized clinical trial. J Oral Microbiol 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/jom.v2i0.5344","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v2i0.5344"},{"key":"5134_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2004.3362","volume":"4","author":"E Vrani\u0107","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vrani\u0107 E, Lacevi\u0107 A, Mehmedagi\u0107 A, Uzunovi\u0107 A (2004) Formulation ingredients for toothpastes and mouthwashes. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences \/ Udruzenje basicnih mediciniskih znanosti\u2009=\u2009Association of. Basic Med Sci 4:51\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17305\/bjbms.2004.3362","journal-title":"Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"5134_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991","volume":"173","author":"WG Weisburg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (1991) 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173:697\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5134_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wicander J, Gorsuch J, Chen L et al (2025) Germination of Bacillus spores by LiCl. J Bacteriol 207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00510-24","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00510-24"},{"key":"5134_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15020230","volume":"15","author":"F-Y Xu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xu F-Y, Huang H-X, Wen Q-H et al (2026a) Enhancing Spore Inactivation: Low-Intensity Pulsed Electric Field Combined with Ohmic Heating and Germinant Pretreatment. Foods 15:230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods15020230","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"5134_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamada M, Takahashi N, Matsuda Y et al (2018) A bacterial metabolite ameliorates periodontal pathogen-induced gingival epithelial barrier disruption via GPR40 signaling. Sci Rep 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-27408-y","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27408-y"},{"key":"5134_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.04.018","volume":"53","author":"\u00d6 Yildiz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yildiz \u00d6, Yurt B, Ba\u015ft\u00fcrk A et al (2013) Pasting properties, texture profile and stress\u2013relaxation behavior of wheat starch\/dietary fiber systems. Food Res Int 53:278\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.04.018","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"5134_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2016.04.003","volume":"52\u201354","author":"MF Young","year":"2016","unstructured":"Young MF (2016) Skeletal biology: Where matrix meets mineral. Matrix Biol 52\u201354:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matbio.2016.04.003","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"5134_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105146","volume":"163","author":"X Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu X, Liu Z, Liu Y et al (2025) Antimicrobial roles of probiotics: Molecular mechanisms and application prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 163:105146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105146","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"5134_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-012-9446-5","volume":"35","author":"JJ Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao JJ, Feng XP, Zhang XL, Le KY (2012) Effect of porphyromonas gingivalis and lactobacillus acidophilus on secretion of IL1B, IL6, and IL8 by gingival epithelial cells. Inflammation 35:1330\u20131337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-012-9446-5","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"5134_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(15)61146-7","volume":"15","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Wang SS, Yang G et al (2016) Development and evaluation of a herbal formulation with anti-pathogenic activities and probiotics stimulatory effects. J Integr Agric 15:1103\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2095-3119(15)61146-7","journal-title":"J Integr Agric"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05134-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05134-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05134-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:10:00Z","timestamp":1787739000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05134-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["5134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05134-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-0972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-0972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The probiotic strain used in the formulation of the probiotic herbal toothpaste is a registered strain with Meteoric Biopharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd., the sponsor of this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"462"}}