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This study characterised RWW collected from a food-service establishment in Johor, Malaysia (COD 1,341\u00a0mg\/L; BOD 837\u00a0mg\/L; pH 6.8), and systematically evaluated its capacity to support indigenous ureolytic bacterial enrichment across three media formulations: yeast extract-based (Medium-1), nutrient broth-based (Medium-2), and brown sugar-based (Medium-3). Medium-1 delivered the strongest performance, achieving OD\n                    <jats:sub>600<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06, urease activity\u2009=\u200917.42\u2009\u00b1\u20091.19 mM urea hydrolysed min\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    precipitation\u2009=\u20092.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u00a0g\/L. Optimal bioactivity was recorded at pH 8 and 30\u00a0\u00b0C, conditions closely aligned with the tropical collection environment. 16\u00a0S rRNA amplicon sequencing (DADA2 pipeline; SILVA nr v138.1) yielded 101,869 quality-filtered reads across 116 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs; Shannon H\u2009=\u20092.79), identifying a co-dominant community of Firmicutes (50.83%) and Proteobacteria (48.36%), with\n                    <jats:italic>Sporosarcina<\/jats:italic>\n                    (6.09%),\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3.35%),\n                    <jats:italic>Lysinibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2.63%), and\n                    <jats:italic>Raoultella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (34.39%) as principal ureolytic contributors. Soil biocementation trials returned a mean surface strength of 423.3\u2009\u00b1\u200921.6 psi and a CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    content of 16.64\u2009\u00b1\u20091.72%. Heavy metal immobilisation efficiencies reached 99.60% for Cd\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 81.87% for Ni\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 42.47% for Cr\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 22.47% for Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 10\u00a0mg\/L. XRD, FTIR, TGA, and DSC collectively confirmed a thermally stable, mineralogically pure biogenic calcite (&gt;\u200996.7% residue at 894\u00a0\u00b0C). Collectively, these findings establish RWW-enriched consortia as functionally capable, cost-effective biocatalysts for sustainable MICP, in support of circular economy objectives within tropical urban contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-026-05159-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1785515099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Restaurant wastewater as a sustainable medium for ureolytic bacteria in biocementation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Armstrong Ighodalo","family":"Omoregie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thangaraj","family":"Pramila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1917-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adharsh","family":"Rajasekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching Yi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazlami Fikri","family":"Basri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron Chew","family":"Wei-Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih Siong","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Jumbo-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"5159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Achal V, Pan X (2011) Characterization of urease and carbonic anhydrase producing bacteria and their role in calcite precipitation. 894\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-010-9801-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9801-4"},{"key":"5159_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2024.e03028","volume":"20","author":"MA Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad MA, Zhang J, Liu B, Guohao X, Xiaoyi T, Haoying G, Changjie S, Runhao L, Xiaona X, Weilin L, Huang R, Peiwen T, Deng X (2024) Synergistic effect of composite bacteria on self-healing process of concrete crack. 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