{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:53:45Z","timestamp":1790996025366,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Microbiol Biotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-026-05210-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:02:18Z","timestamp":1787835738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective effects of Bacillus clausii against Amoxicillin-induced hepatic injury are associated with Attenuation of LPS\u2013TLR4\u2013NF-\u03baB signalling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahla S.","family":"El-Shenawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noran M.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyaa S.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia A.","family":"El-Fahla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081487","volume":"12","author":"MM Abd El-Emam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abd El-Emam MM, Mostafa M, Farag AA, Youssef HS, El-Demerdash AS, Bayoumi H, Gebba MA, El-Halawani SM, Saleh AM, Badr AM et al (2023) The Potential effects of quercetin-loaded nanoliposomes on amoxicillin\/clavulanate-induced hepatic damage: Targeting the SIRT1\/Nrf2\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and microbiota modulation. Antioxidants 12:1487","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"5210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15028736","volume":"15","author":"E Abdelhaliem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdelhaliem E, Al-Huqail A (2016) Detection of protein and DNA damage induced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone in Triticum aestivum L. using biomarker and comet assay. Genet Mol Res 15:1\u201319","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"5210_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s13273-025-00524-3","volume":"21","author":"N Akhtara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akhtara N, Bharali MK (2025) Genotoxicity assessment after sub-chronic exposure to amoxicillin, azithromycin, and Ciprofloxacin in male albino mice. Mol Cell Toxicol 21:1151\u20131160","journal-title":"Mol Cell Toxicol"},{"key":"5210_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Awadhi A, Alnaqbi S, Albawardi A (2024) Long-Lasting complete remission in a patient with metastatic metaplastic breast cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy: A Case report and a review of the literature. Cureus 16 (2), e53419","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53419"},{"key":"5210_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003","volume":"72","author":"A Albillos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Albillos A, de Gottardi A, Rescigno M (2020) The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy. J Hepatol 72:558\u2013577","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5210_CR6","first-page":"5358","volume":"25","author":"C Anlas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anlas C, Ustuner O (2016) Genotoxic assessment of amoxicillin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by comet assay and micronucleus test. Fresenius Environ Bull 25:5358\u20135364","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ Bull"},{"key":"5210_CR7","first-page":"1183","volume":"115","author":"E Antohi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antohi E, Gales C, Nechifor M (2011) Pharmacological agents that affect sperm motility. Medical-Surgical J 115:1183\u20131188","journal-title":"Medical-Surgical J"},{"key":"5210_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115607948","volume":"35","author":"O Atli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atli O, Demir-Ozkay U, Ilgin S, Aydin T, Akbulut E, Sener E (2016) Evidence for neurotoxicity associated with amoxicillin in juvenile rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 35:866\u2013876","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"5210_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(90)90208-Q","volume":"190","author":"MA Baker","year":"1990","unstructured":"Baker MA, Cerniglia GJ, Zaman A (1990) Microtiter plate assay for the measurement of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in large numbers of biological samples. Anal Biochem 190:360\u2013365","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"5210_CR10","unstructured":"Bancroft JD, Gamble M (2008) Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Elsevier health sciences"},{"key":"5210_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergasa NV (2021) Drug induced liver injury. In Clinical cases in hepatology (Springer), pp. 411\u2013442","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4715-2_14"},{"key":"5210_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(80)90105-9","volume":"105","author":"H Bergmeyer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bergmeyer H (1980) IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentrations of enzymes: Part 3. IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase (L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6. 1.2). Clin Chim Acta 105:147\u2013154","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"5210_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/316552a0","volume":"316","author":"B Beutler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beutler B, Greenwald D, Hulmes JD, Chang M, Pan YC, Mathison J, Ulevitch R, Cerami A (1985) Identity of tumour necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin. Nature 316:552\u2013554","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5210_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/84.3.363","volume":"84","author":"JE Buttery","year":"1985","unstructured":"Buttery JE, Chamberlain BR, Milner CR, Pannall PR (1985) Colorimetric measurement of plasma lactate. Am J Clin Pathol 84:363\u2013365","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"5210_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalghatgi, S., Spina, C. S., Costello, J. C., Liesa, M., Morones-Ramirez, J. R., Slomovic, S., ... & Collins, J. J. (2013). Bactericidal antibiotics induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in mammalian cells. Science translational medicine, 5(192), 192ra85-192ra85","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006055"},{"key":"5210_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cenci G, Caldini G, Trotta F, Bosi P (2008) In vitro inhibitory activity of probiotic spore-forming bacilli against genotoxins. Lett Appl Microbiol 46, 331\u2013337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02314.x"},{"key":"5210_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971959","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.971959","volume":"12","author":"CM Chan Wah Hak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan Wah Hak CM, Rullan A, Patin EC, Pedersen M, Melcher AA, Harrington KJ (2022) Enhancing anti-tumour innate immunity by targeting the DNA damage response and pattern recognition receptors in combination with radiotherapy. Front Oncol 12:971959","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"5210_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552358","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1552358","volume":"12","author":"X Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen X, Yan L, Yang J, Xu C, Yang L (2025) The impact of probiotics on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes: a meta-research of meta-analysis studies. Front Nutr 12:1552358","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"5210_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury J, Mandal TK, Mondal S (2020) Genotoxic impact of emerging contaminant amoxicillin residue on zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryos. Heliyon 6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05379"},{"key":"5210_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040371","volume":"14","author":"G Cusumano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cusumano G, Flores GA, Venanzoni R, Angelini P (2025) The Impact of antibiotic therapy on intestinal microbiota: Dysbiosis, antibiotic resistance, and restoration strategies. Antibiotics 14:371","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5210_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.02.013","volume":"54","author":"HY Dar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dar HY, Pal S, Shukla P, Mishra PK, Tomar GB, Chattopadhyay N, Srivastava RK (2018) Bacillus clausii inhibits bone loss by skewing Treg-Th17 cell equilibrium in postmenopausal osteoporotic mice model. Nutrition 54:118\u2013128","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"5210_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02961-0","volume":"21","author":"AJ \u00c9li\u00e1s","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00c9li\u00e1s AJ, Barna V, Patoni C, Demeter D, Veres DS, Bunduc S, Er\u0151ss B, Hegyi P, F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri-Nagy L, Lenti K (2023) Probiotic supplementation during antibiotic treatment is unjustified in maintaining the gut microbiome diversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 21:262","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"5210_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El-Fahla NA, El-Shenawy NS, Tawfik NM (2026) Probiotic Bacillus Clausii Protects against Amoxicillin-evoked Reproductive Dysfunction through Oxidative Stress Modulation. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-025-10891-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10891-x"},{"key":"5210_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tfae091","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae091","volume":"13","author":"MM Elnasharty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elnasharty MM, Elwan AM, Elhadidy ME, Mohamed MA, Abd El-Rahim AH, Hafiz NA, Abd-El-Moneim OM, El-Aziz A, Abdalla KB, A.M., and, Farag IM (2024) Various investigations of ameliorative role of Ashwagandha seeds (Withania somnifera) against amoxicillin toxicity. Toxicol Res 13:tfae091","journal-title":"Toxicol Res"},{"key":"5210_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu L, Qian Y, Shang Z, Sun X, Kong X, Gao Y (2022) Antibiotics enhancing drug-induced liver injury assessed for causality using Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method: Emerging role of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 9; 972518","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.972518"},{"key":"5210_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2017.11.001","volume":"7","author":"CP Gonzalez-Hunt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Hunt CP, Wadhwa M, Sanders LH (2018) DNA damage by oxidative stress: Measurement strategies for two genomes. Curr Opin Toxicol 7:87\u201394","journal-title":"Curr Opin Toxicol"},{"key":"5210_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030312","volume":"13","author":"Y Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong Y, Boiti A, Vallone D, Foulkes NS (2024) Reactive oxygen species signaling and oxidative stress: transcriptional regulation and evolution. Antioxidants 13:312","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"5210_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00904-3","volume":"21","author":"CL Hsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsu CL, Schnabl B (2023) The gut\u2013liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 21:719\u2013733","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5210_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3329\/ajmbr.v11i1.78653","volume":"11","author":"MS Islam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Islam MS, Islam MS, Alam MA, Islam S (2025) Chronic exposure to amoxicillin and its effects on growth, immunity, organ function and residue accumulation in mice. Asian J Med Biol Res 11:13\u201322","journal-title":"Asian J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"5210_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jan T, Negi R, Sharma B, Kumar S, Singh S, Rai AK, Ahmed N (2024) Next generation probiotics for human health: An emerging perspective. Heliyon, 10(16)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35980"},{"key":"5210_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(88)90554-4","volume":"174","author":"LH Johansson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Johansson LH, H\u00e5kan Borg LA (1988) A spectrophotometric method for determination of catalase activity in small tissue samples. Anal Biochem 174:331\u2013336","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"5210_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154791","volume":"125","author":"PF Justino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Justino PF, Franco AX, Pontier-Bres R, Monteiro CE, Barbosa AL, Souza MH, Czerucka D, Soares PM (2020) Modulation of 5-fluorouracil activation of toll-like\/MyD88\/NF-?B\/MAPK pathway by Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 probiotic. Cytokine 125:154791","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"5210_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2018.1482354","volume":"125","author":"M Karaman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karaman M, Budak H, \u00c7iftci M (2019) Amoxicillin and gentamicin antibiotics treatment adversely influence the fertility and morphology through decreasing the Dazl gene expression level and increasing the oxidative stress. Archives Physiol Biochem 125:447\u2013455","journal-title":"Archives Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"5210_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.02.005","volume":"629","author":"P-Y Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li P-Y, Chang Y-C, Tzang B-S, Chen C-C, Liu Y-C (2007) Antibiotic amoxicillin induces DNA lesions in mammalian cells possibly via the reactive oxygen species. Mutat Research\/Genetic Toxicol Environ Mutagen 629:133\u2013139","journal-title":"Mutat Research\/Genetic Toxicol Environ Mutagen"},{"key":"5210_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhao L, Sun C, Yang J, Zhang X, Dou S, Hua Q, Ma A, Cai J (2023) Regulation of Gut Microflora by Lactobacillus casei Zhang Attenuates Liver Injury in Mice Caused by Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. International journal of molecular sciences 24","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119444"},{"key":"5210_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2024.05.003","volume":"18","author":"G Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li G, Hou Y, Zhang C, Zhou X, Bao F, Yang Y, Chen L, Yu D (2024) Interplay Between Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Overview. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:101355","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5210_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17121676","volume":"17","author":"FRF Lima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lima FRF, Monteiro CEdS, Damasceno SRB, Pantoja PdS, Franco \u00c1X, Silva RO, Sousa JAO, Mendes TS, Lima MA, Justino PFC (2024) Bacillus clausii attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in Mice. Pharmaceuticals 17:1676","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"5210_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101475","volume":"12","author":"N Mendez-Sanchez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendez-Sanchez N, Coronel-Castillo CE, Cordova-Gallardo J, Qi X (2023) Antibiotics in chronic liver disease and their effects on gut microbiota. Antibiotics 12:1475","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5210_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86099-0","volume":"11","author":"K Mitachi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mitachi K, Ariake K, Shima H, Sato S, Miura T, Maeda S, Ishida M, Mizuma M, Ohtsuka H, Kamei T et al (2021) Novel candidate factors predicting the effect of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 11:6541","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5210_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Qiu, X., Lu, S., Yu, H., Lu, P., Zeng, S., ... & Niu, J. (2026). The role of probiotics Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus johnsonii in inhibziting pathogens, maintaining gut health, and improving disease outcomes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(3), 1545","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031545"},{"key":"5210_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, P. S., Chen, C. W., Kuo, Y. W., & Ho, H. H. (2021). Lactobacillus spp. reduces ethanol-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation in a mouse model of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 21(3), 188","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9619"},{"key":"5210_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12636","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69533-7","volume":"10","author":"L Paparo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paparo L, Tripodi L, Bruno C, Pisapia L, Damiano C, Pastore L, Canani B, R (2020) Protective action of Bacillus clausii probiotic strains in an in vitro model of Rotavirus infection. Sci Rep 10:12636","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5210_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khokhlova, E., Colom, J., Simon, A., Mazhar, S., Garc\u00eda-Lainez, G., Llopis, S., ... & Rea, K. (2023). Immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of a novel potential probiotic Bacillus clausii CSI08. Microorganisms, 11(2), 240","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020240"},{"key":"5210_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman MU, Ghazanfar S, Haq U, Ullah R, Khan S, Wu S, Ahmad J, W., and, Tipu MK (2022) Probiotics (Bacillus clausii and Lactobacillus fermentum NMCC-14) Ameliorate Stress Behavior in Mice by Increasing Monoamine Levels and mRNA Expression of Dopamine Receptors (D(1) and D(2)) and Synaptophysin. 13:915595 Frontiers in pharmacology","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.915595"},{"key":"5210_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20685","volume":"27","author":"L Rocco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rocco L, Peluso C, Stingo V (2012) Micronucleus test and comet assay for the evaluation of zebrafish genomic damage induced by erythromycin and lincomycin. Environ Toxicol 27:598\u2013604","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"5210_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6863","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25136863","volume":"25","author":"S Rom\u00e1n-Sag\u00fcillo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rom\u00e1n-Sag\u00fcillo S, Qui\u00f1ones Castro R, Ju\u00e1rez-Fern\u00e1ndez M, Soluyanova P, Stephens C, Robles-Diaz M, Jorquera Plaza F, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gallego J, Mart\u00ednez-Fl\u00f3rez S, Garcia-Mediavilla MV (2024) Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury and amoxicillin\u2013clavulanate: spotlight on gut microbiota, fecal metabolome and bile acid profile in patients. Int J Mol Sci 25:6863","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5210_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2018.e257","volume":"5","author":"YA Sarker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarker YA, Hasan MM, Paul TK, Rashid SZ, Alam MN, Sikder MH (2018) Screening of antibiotic residues in chicken meat in Bangladesh by thin layer chromatography. J Adv Veterinary Anim Res 5:140\u2013145","journal-title":"J Adv Veterinary Anim Res"},{"key":"5210_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22306","volume":"48","author":"E Seki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seki E, Brenner DA (2008) Toll-like receptors and adaptor molecules in liver disease: update. Hepatology 48:322\u2013335","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5210_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.12.015","volume":"117","author":"N Shahzad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shahzad N, Ahmad J, Khan W, Al-Ghamdi SS, Ain MR, Ibrahim IAA, Akhtar M, Khanam R (2014) Interactions of atenolol with alprazolam\/escitalopram on anxiety, depression and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 117:79\u201384","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"5210_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2003.10.006","volume":"66","author":"WHL Siu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Siu WHL, Cao J, Jack RW, Wu RSS, Richardson BJ, Xu L, Lam PKS (2004) Application of the comet and micronucleus assays to the detection of B[a]P genotoxicity in haemocytes of the green-lipped mussel (Perna viridis). Aquat Toxicol 66:381\u2013392","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"5210_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.10.042","volume":"148","author":"G Szabo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szabo G (2015) Gut\u2013liver axis in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 148:30\u201336","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5210_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000128925.06662.69","volume":"38","author":"MC Urdaci","year":"2004","unstructured":"Urdaci MC, Bressollier P, Pinchuk I (2004) Bacillus clausii probiotic strains: antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. J Clin Gastroenterol 38:S86\u2013S90","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5210_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2022.2085559","volume":"18","author":"RM Wong-Chew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong-Chew RM, de Castro J-AA, Morelli L, Perez M, Ozen M (2022) Gut immune homeostasis: the immunomodulatory role of Bacillus clausii, from basic to clinical evidence. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 18:717\u2013729","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"5210_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wang B, Tang L, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Gong L, Ni J, Li W (2022b) Probiotic Bacillus Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Gut-Liver Axis in a Rat Model. Antioxid (Basel) 11(2):291","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020291"},{"key":"5210_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020291","volume":"11","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wang B, Tang L, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Gong L, Ni J, Li W (2022a) Probiotic Bacillus alleviates oxidative stress-induced liver injury by modulating gut-liver axis in a rat model. Antioxidants 11:291","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"5210_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70004","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.70004","volume":"51","author":"SR Zainab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zainab SR, Khan JZ, Rehman MU, Shah FA, Tipu MK (2024) Effect of Bacillus clausii in attenuating symptoms of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by modulating NFkB pathway and oxidative stress in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 51:e70004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"5210_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeb, A., & Ullah, F. (2016). A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in fried fast foods. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2016(1), 9412767","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9412767"},{"key":"5210_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10010022","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Hu X, Zhong S, Yu W, Wang J, Zhu W, Yang T, Zhao G, Jiang Y, Li Y (2022) Effects of continuous LPS induction on oxidative stress and liver injury in weaned piglets. Veterinary Sci 10:22","journal-title":"Veterinary Sci"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05210-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05210-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05210-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:02:27Z","timestamp":1790992947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05210-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05210-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-0972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-0972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University and complied with institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt (Approval No. SCU-VET-AREC-R-2025013).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"495"}}