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This study evaluated SAC as a carbonaceous amendment during co-composting of chicken manure and spent mushroom substrate at 0% (Control), 10% (T1), 20% (T2), and 30% (T3) addition levels. SAC addition shortened the thermophilic phase from 12 days in the Control to 9 days in T2 and T3, and SAC-amended treatments reached operational stabilisation within 30\u201342 days, as indicated by temperature decline, lower late-stage gas emissions, and Solvita CO\u2082\/NH\u2083 indices. Increasing SAC dosage raised total organic carbon from 37.94% to 54.12% and compost yield from 41.94% to 54.70%, whereas total nitrogen concentration decreased from 2.28% to 1.34% because of dilution by recalcitrant carbon. Lower NH\u2083 emissions in the SAC-amended treatments were consistent with reduced volatilisation, although nitrogen retention was not quantified by a mass balance. All SAC-amended treatments achieved germination indices above 100% (111.48\u2013129.87%), indicating the absence of phytotoxicity in the assay. High-throughput 16\u00a0S rRNA gene sequencing showed treatment- and stage-dependent shifts in bacterial community structure. At Day 60, T1 recorded the highest observed richness (197 OTUs) and Faith PD (23.14), whereas T2 had the highest combined relative abundance (22.47%) of bacterial taxa previously associated with plant growth-promoting functions, including members of Rhizobiaceae and the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Mesorhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ensifer<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Because Shannon diversity in the SAC-amended treatments did not exceed that of the Control at maturity, the results indicate selective community restructuring and enrichment rather than a uniform increase in bacterial diversity. Overall, moderate SAC addition accelerated compost stabilisation and promoted favourable bacterial succession, supporting a circular pathway for converting multiple waste streams into biologically enriched compost.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-026-05223-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:14:25Z","timestamp":1787836465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Valorisation of spent activated carbon for accelerated compost stabilisation and enrichment of plant growth-promoting bacterial taxa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Halimatul Aliyah","family":"Othman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Hafif","family":"Samsudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Muhaimin","family":"Roslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshinari","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Huzairi Mohd","family":"Zainudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrix Yulis","family":"Setyawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd","family":"Yusoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5223_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13020542","author":"A Aguilar-Paredes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aguilar-Paredes A, Vald\u00e9s G, Araneda N, Valdebenito E, Hansen F, Nuti M (2023) Microbial community in the composting process and its positive impact on the soil biota in sustainable agriculture. 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