{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T15:32:25Z","timestamp":1793287945481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Microbiol Biotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-026-05316-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:47:57Z","timestamp":1791344877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable polyhydroxybutyrate production and characterization from Chlorella vulgaris cultivated on waste-derived carbon sources"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3063-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oyku","family":"Alp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7147-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raziye","family":"Ozturk Urek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"5316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.24871","volume":"110","author":"AM Aguirre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aguirre AM, Bassi A (2013) Investigation of biomass concentration, lipid production, and cellulose content in Chlorella vulgaris cultures using response surface methodology. Biotechnol Bioeng 110:2114\u20132122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.24871","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"5316_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158168","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158168","volume":"11","author":"S Ansari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ansari S, Fatma T (2016) Cyanobacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB): screening, optimization and characterization. PLoS ONE 11:e0158168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158168","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5316_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201700102","volume":"18","author":"A Aramvash","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aramvash A, Moazzeni Zavareh F, Gholami Banadkuki N (2018) Comparison of different solvents for extraction of polyhydroxybutyrate from Cupriavidus necator. Eng Life Sci 18:20\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/elsc.201700102","journal-title":"Eng Life Sci"},{"key":"5316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","volume":"72","author":"MM Bradford","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"5316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.06.026","volume":"265","author":"APA Cassuriaga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cassuriaga APA, Freitas BCB, Morais MG, Costa JAV (2018) Innovative polyhydroxybutyrate production by Chlorella fusca grown with pentoses. Bioresour Technol 265:456\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.06.026","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"5316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12121291","volume":"12","author":"MAM Condori","year":"2025","unstructured":"Condori MAM, Colque Ollachica D, Ccapa Loncone AR, Pires JCM, Gagneten AM (2025b) Sustainable nutrient recovery from wastewater mixture to optimize microalgal lipid production: A vision of zero water footprint. Bioengineering 12:1291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering12121291","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"5316_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2025.104441","volume":"92","author":"MAM Condori","year":"2025","unstructured":"Condori MAM, Taboada Choque YS, Quispe Lopez JE, Villas Gutierrez ME, Assemany P (2025a) Strategies for biomass yield and pollutant removal improvement during Chlorella cultivation in explosive industry wastewater. Algal Res 92:104441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.algal.2025.104441","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"5316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37320","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.37320","volume":"42","author":"JA Coronado-Reyes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coronado-Reyes JA, Salazar-Torres JA, Juarez-Campos B, Gonzalez-Hernandez JC (2020) Chlorella vulgaris, a microalga important to be used in biotechnology: a review. Food Sci Technol 42:e37320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/fst.37320","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"5316_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2016.09.017","volume":"102","author":"R Cr\u00e9tois","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cr\u00e9tois R, Chenal JM, Sheibat-Othman N, Monnier A, Martin C, Astruz O, Kurusu R, Demarquette NR (2016) Physical explanations about the improvement of polyhydroxybutyrate ductility: hidden effect of plasticizer on physical ageing. Polymer 102:176\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymer.2016.09.017","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"5316_CR11","first-page":"5","volume":"13","author":"PE da Costa Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"da Costa Silva PE, Paulo AJ, de Barros MPS, de Andrade Alves A, do Nascimento MH, Neves AGD, Lins LF, Houllou LM, Bezerra RP, Porto ALF (2024) Obtaining polyhydroxyalkanoate and plastic film formation from the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris under light stress and nitrogen deficiency. Res Soc Dev 13:5\u20139","journal-title":"Res Soc Dev"},{"key":"5316_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2018.05.002","volume":"51","author":"P Dauvergne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dauvergne P (2018) Why is the global governance of plastic failing the oceans? Glob Environ Change 51:22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2018.05.002","journal-title":"Glob Environ Change"},{"key":"5316_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1021\/ac702185d","volume":"80","author":"J De Gelder","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Gelder J, Willemse-Erix D, Scholtes MJ, Sanchez JI, Maquelin K, Vandenabeele P, De Boever P, Puppels GJ, Moens L, De Vos P (2008) Monitoring poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production in Cupriavidus necator DSM 428 (H16) with Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 80:2155\u20132160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac702185d","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"5316_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7354","DOI":"10.48048\/wjst.2021.7354","volume":"18","author":"P Dechatiwongse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dechatiwongse P, Choorit W (2021) Mixotrophic growth of astaxanthin-rich alga Haematococcus pluvialis using refined crude glycerol as carbon substrate: batch and fed-batch cultivations. Walailak J Sci Technol 18:7354\u20137320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48048\/wjst.2021.7354","journal-title":"Walailak J Sci Technol"},{"key":"5316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02272-4","volume":"32","author":"C Duangsri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duangsri C, Mudtham NA, Incharoensakdi A, Raksajit W (2020) Enhanced polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation in heterotrophically grown Arthrospira platensis under nitrogen deprivation. J Appl Phycol 32:3645\u20133654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10811-020-02272-4","journal-title":"J Appl Phycol"},{"key":"5316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","volume":"28","author":"M DuBois","year":"1956","unstructured":"DuBois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28:350\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac60111a017","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"5316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2024.08.497","volume":"83","author":"E Elghazy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elghazy E, Mohamed SMDS, Wianglor K, Tetali S, Raut M, Roy I, Pandhal J (2024) Large-scale cultivation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and its potential applications in the manufacturing of bulk and medical prototypes. New Biotechnol 83:133\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbt.2024.08.497","journal-title":"New Biotechnol"},{"key":"5316_CR18","unstructured":"Elias HG (2003) An introduction to plastics, 2nd edn. Wiley"},{"key":"5316_CR19","unstructured":"European Bioplastics (2026) Bioplastics. https:\/\/www.european-bioplastics.org\/bioplastics\/. Accessed 19 Jan 2026"},{"key":"5316_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6942950","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6942950","volume":"2017","author":"A Flores-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flores-S\u00e1nchez A, L\u00f3pez-Cuellar MDR, P\u00e9rez-Guevara F, Figueroa L\u00f3pez U, Mart\u00edn-Buf\u00e1jer JM, Vergara-Porras B (2017) Synthesis of poly-(R-hydroxyalkanoates) by Cupriavidus necator ATCC 17699 using Mexican avocado (Persea americana) oil as a carbon source. Int J Polym Sci 2017:6942950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/6942950","journal-title":"Int J Polym Sci"},{"key":"5316_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1700782","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700782","volume":"3","author":"R Geyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL (2017) Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci Adv 3:e1700782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.1700782","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"5316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04007-2","volume":"25","author":"MH Hendy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hendy MH, Shehabeldine AM, Hashem AH, El-Sayed AF, El-Sheikh HH (2025) Optimization and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate produced by Halomonas meridiana using orange peel waste. BMC Microbiol 25:304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04007-2","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"5316_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2011.02.036","volume":"35","author":"T Heredia-Arroyo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heredia-Arroyo T, Wei W, Ruan R, Hu B (2011) Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and its potential application for oil accumulation from non-sugar materials. Biomass Bioenergy 35:2245\u20132253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2011.02.036","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"5316_CR24","first-page":"209","volume":"37","author":"KJ Hwang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hwang KJ, You SF, Don TM (2006) Disruption kinetics of bacterial cells during purification of poly-\u03b2-hydroxyalkanoate using ultrasonication. J Chin Inst Chem Eng 37:209\u2013216","journal-title":"J Chin Inst Chem Eng"},{"key":"5316_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67319-6","volume-title":"Bionanocomposites for packaging applications","author":"M Jawaid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jawaid M, Swain SK (2018) Bionanocomposites for packaging applications. Springer, Switzerland. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67319-6"},{"key":"5316_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-017-0443-9","volume":"7","author":"D Kamravamanesh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamravamanesh D, Pfl\u00fcgl S, Nischkauer W, Limbeck A, Lackner M, Herwig C (2017) Photosynthetic poly-\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714. AMB Express 7:143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-017-0443-9","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"5316_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.019","volume":"93","author":"G Kavitha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kavitha G, Kurinjimalar C, Sivakumar K, Kaarthik M, Aravind R, Palani P, Rengasamy R (2016) Optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production utilizing wastewater as nutrient source by Botryococcus braunii K\u00fctz using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 93:534\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5316_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-024-02993-x","volume":"19","author":"M Kavut","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kavut M, Ozturk Urek R (2025) Phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis M2: mixotrophic production, extraction, partial purification, and investigation of some biochemical properties. J Food Meas Charact 19:603\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11694-024-02993-x","journal-title":"J Food Meas Charact"},{"key":"5316_CR29","first-page":"193","volume":"3","author":"A Khanafari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khanafari A, Akhavan SA, Mogharab M (2006) Production and recovery of poly-\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate from whey degradation by Azotobacter. J Environ Health Sci Eng 3:193\u2013198","journal-title":"J Environ Health Sci Eng"},{"key":"5316_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.08.107","volume":"199","author":"DY Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim DY, Vijayan D, Praveenkumar R, Han JI, Lee K, Park JY, Chang WS, Lee JS, Oh YK (2016) Cell-wall disruption and lipid\/astaxanthin extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus. Bioresour Technol 199:300\u2013310","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"5316_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-025-07027-0","volume":"16","author":"SD Kumar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kumar SD, Mohanram I, Vivekanandan KE, Renita AA, Kumar JA, Subramani R, Kandasamy S (2026) A comprehensive review of renewable bioplastics with a focus on algae-derived alternatives for sustainable development. Biomass Convers Biorefin 16:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-025-07027-0","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefin"},{"key":"5316_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3144\/expresspolymlett.2011.60","volume":"5","author":"B Kunasundari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kunasundari B, Sudesh K (2011) Isolation and recovery of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Express Polym Lett 5:620\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3144\/expresspolymlett.2011.60","journal-title":"Express Polym Lett"},{"key":"5316_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.002","volume":"113","author":"SG Kuntzler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuntzler SG, de Almeida ACA, Costa JAV, de Morais MG (2018) Polyhydroxybutyrate and phenolic compounds microalgae electrospun nanofibers: a novel nanomaterial with antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 113:1008\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.002","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5316_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4695","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15244695","volume":"15","author":"M Lackner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lackner M, Mukherjee A, Koller M (2023) What are bioplastics? Defining renewability, biosynthesis, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Polymers 15:4695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15244695","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"5316_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/bm049700c","volume":"6","author":"RW Lenz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lenz RW, Marchessault RH (2005) Bacterial polyesters: biosynthesis, biodegradable plastics and biotechnology. Biomacromolecules 6:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bm049700c","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"5316_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0110591","volume":"11","author":"HK Lichtenthaler","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lichtenthaler HK, Wellburn AR (1983) Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochem Soc Trans 11:591\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bst0110591","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"5316_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-335","volume":"2","author":"R Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li R, Jiang Y, Wang X, Yang J, Gao Y, Zi X, Zhang X, Gao H, Hu N (2013) Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas mandelii CBS-1 produces high levels of poly-\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate. SpringerPlus 2:335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2193-1801-2-335","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"5316_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-024-02324-1","volume":"23","author":"T Mandragutti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mandragutti T, Jarso TS, Godi S, Begum SS, K B (2024) Physicochemical characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced by the rare halophile Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum MTCC 13074. Microb Cell Fact 23:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-024-02324-1","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"5316_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.101","volume":"164","author":"RE Mart\u00ednez-Herrera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Herrera RE, Aleman-Huerta ME, Almaguer-Cant\u00fa V, Rosas-Flores W, Mart\u00ednez-G\u00f3mez VJ, Quintero-Zapata I, Rivera G, Rutiaga-Qui\u00f1ones OM (2020) Efficient recovery of thermostable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by a rapid and solvent-free extraction protocol assisted by ultrasound. Int J Biol Macromol 164:771\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.101","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5316_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60147a030","volume":"31","author":"GL Miller","year":"1959","unstructured":"Miller GL (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31:426\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac60147a030","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"5316_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.12.077","volume":"155","author":"SK Mishra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mishra SK, Suh WI, Farooq W, Moon M, Shrivastav A, Park MS, Yang JW (2014) Rapid quantification of microalgal lipids in aqueous medium by a simple colorimetric method. Bioresour Technol 155:330\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.12.077","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"5316_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108264","volume":"69","author":"MS Morlino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morlino MS, Garc\u00eda RS, Savio F, Zampieri G, Morosinotto T, Treu L, Campanaro S (2023) Cupriavidus necator as a platform for polyhydroxyalkanoate production: an overview of strains, metabolism, and modelling approaches. Biotechnol Adv 69:108264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108264","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"5316_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2025.420706","volume":"29","author":"GM Morsy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Morsy GM, Abdo SM, Mohamed EA, Salah El Din RA, El Gamal AD (2025) Optimizing growth conditions and polyhydroxybutyrate production in Spirulina platensis and Haematococcus pluvialis for sustainable bioplastic development. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 29:1607\u20131629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejabf.2025.420706","journal-title":"Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish"},{"key":"5316_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13050687","volume":"13","author":"MM Mour\u00e3o","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mour\u00e3o MM, Xavier LP, Urbatzka R, Figueiroa LB, Costa CEFD, Dias CGBT, Schneider MPC, Vasconcelos V, Santos AV (2021) Characterization and biotechnological potential of intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate by Stigeoclonium sp. B23 using cassava peel as carbon source. Polymers 13:687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym13050687","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"5316_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093832","volume":"28","author":"N Mulchandani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mulchandani N, Narayan R (2023) Redesigning carbon\u2013carbon backbone polymers for biodegradability\u2013compostability at the end-of-life stage. Molecules 28:3832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28093832","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5316_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-023-03149-y","volume":"36","author":"S Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng S, Cao Y, Xie Z, Zhang X, Ma S, Kong W (2024) Effects of sodium acetate and ammonium acetate on the growth and production of cellular components of Chlorella vulgaris 31. J Appl Phycol 36:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10811-023-03149-y","journal-title":"J Appl Phycol"},{"key":"5316_CR47","unstructured":"Plastics Europe (2023) Plastics \u2013 the fast facts 2023. https:\/\/plasticseurope.org\/knowledge-hub\/plastics-the-fast-facts-2023\/. Accessed 15 Feb 2026"},{"key":"5316_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4351","volume":"29","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pradhan S, Dikshit PK, Moholkar VS (2018) Production, ultrasonic extraction, and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) using Bacillus megaterium and Cupriavidus necator. Polym Adv Technol 29:2392\u20132400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pat.4351","journal-title":"Polym Adv Technol"},{"key":"5316_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9050225","volume":"9","author":"VUN Reddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reddy VUN, Ramanaiah SV, Reddy MV, Chang YC (2022) Review of the developments of bacterial medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs). Bioengineering 9:225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering9050225","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"5316_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.227","volume":"168","author":"S Righi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Righi S, Baioli F, Samor\u00ec C, Galletti P, Tagliavini E, Stramigioli C, Tugnoli A, Fantke P (2017) A life cycle assessment of poly-hydroxybutyrate extraction from microbial biomass using dimethyl carbonate. J Clean Prod 168:692\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.227","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"5316_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020379","volume":"12","author":"SM Rincon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rincon SM, Beyenal H, Romero HM (2024) A response surface methodology study for Chlorella vulgaris mixotrophic culture optimization. Microorganisms 12:379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12020379","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"5316_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6199.1000433","volume":"9","author":"R Robert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robert R, Iyer PR (2018) Isolation and optimization of PHB (poly-\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate)-based biodegradable plastics from Chlorella vulgaris. J Bioremediat Biodegrad 9:433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2155-6199.1000433","journal-title":"J Bioremediat Biodegrad"},{"key":"5316_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-46645-8_9","volume-title":"Petroleum Science and Technology: Downstream","author":"CS Hsu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hsu CS, Robinson PR (2024) Petrochemicals. In: Hsu CS, Robinson PR (eds) Petroleum Science and Technology: Downstream. Springer Nature, Cham, pp 243\u2013291"},{"key":"5316_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2019.101358","volume":"22","author":"K Roja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roja K, Sudhakar DR, Anto S, Mathimani T (2019) Extraction and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates from marine green alga and cyanobacteria. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 22:101358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcab.2019.101358","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol"},{"key":"5316_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00407-8","volume":"7","author":"JG Rosenboom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosenboom JG, Langer R, Traverso G (2022) Bioplastics for a circular economy. Nat Rev Mater 7:117\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41578-021-00407-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"5316_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12135","volume":"114","author":"BB Salgaonkar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salgaonkar BB, Mani K, Braganca JM (2013) Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulated by a moderately halophilic salt pan isolate Bacillus megaterium strain H16. J Appl Microbiol 114(5):1347\u20131356","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"5316_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-009-0036-7","volume":"49","author":"RZ Sayyed","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sayyed RZ, Gangurde NS, Chincholkar SB (2009) Hypochlorite digestion method for efficient recovery of PHB from Alcaligenes faecalis. Indian J Microbiol 49:230\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12088-009-0036-7","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"key":"5316_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020018","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0047562","volume":"2344","author":"AI Setyorini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Setyorini AI, Dianursanti (2021) Isolation and optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate from Chlorella vulgaris using NaClO and ultrasonication-aided chemical pretreatment methods. AIP Conf Proc 2344:020018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0047562","journal-title":"AIP Conf Proc"},{"key":"5316_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.11648\/j.abb.20170504.13","volume":"5","author":"IM Shamsuddin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shamsuddin IM, Jafar JA, Shawai ASA, Yusuf S, Lateefah M, Aminu I (2017) Bioplastics as better alternative to petroplastics and their role in national sustainability: a review. Adv Biosci Bioeng 5:63\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/j.abb.20170504.13","journal-title":"Adv Biosci Bioeng"},{"key":"5316_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s44316-024-00010-1","volume":"1","author":"R Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma R, Solanki P, Chaudhary M, Gupta N, Kaur P (2024) Unveiling the potential of microalgae for bioplastic production from wastewater: current trends, innovations, and future prospects. Biotechnol Sustain Mater 1:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44316-024-00010-1","journal-title":"Biotechnol Sustain Mater"},{"key":"5316_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2020.123161","volume":"212","author":"V Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma V, Sehgal R, Gupta R (2021) Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): properties and modifications. Polymer 212:123161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymer.2020.123161","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"5316_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114469","volume":"263","author":"M Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen M, Song B, Zeng G, Zhang Y, Huang W, Wen X, Tang W (2020) Are biodegradable plastics a promising solution to solve the global plastic pollution? Environ Pollut 263:114469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114469","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"5316_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134200","volume":"697","author":"M Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen M, Zeng G, Zhang Y, Wen X, Song B, Tang W (2019) Can biotechnology strategies effectively manage environmental (micro)plastics? Sci Total Environ 697:134200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134200","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"5316_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146758","volume":"322","author":"D Singh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Singh D, Rastogi VK (2025) Sustainable production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) via valorisation of Aegle marmelos shell waste: probe sonication-assisted extraction and optimization through Box\u2013Behnken response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 322:146758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146758","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5316_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2025.07.003","volume":"89","author":"PV Sola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sola PV, Montenegro JF, Moreira SI, Lorenzo FR, Vandervorst P, Gonz\u00e1lez EP, Lorenzo MP, Cou\u00f1ago IP, Land\u00edn SM, Castilla LH, Quinteiro JI, Rodr\u00edguez JAA, Algarra BA, Flo EG, Garc\u00eda J (2025) PHB in cyanobacteria: analyzing production through image processing and FTIR techniques. New Biotechnol 89:119\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbt.2025.07.003","journal-title":"New Biotechnol"},{"key":"5316_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan D, Yin J, Chen GQ (2017) Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering. Elsevier, pp 655\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63662-1.00029-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63662-1.00029-4"},{"key":"5316_CR67","first-page":"850","volume":"80","author":"ZV Tosuner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tosuner ZV, Urek RO (2021a) Simultaneous lipid production and valorization of crude glycerol by mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation of Arthrospira platensis. J Sci Ind Res 80:850\u2013857","journal-title":"J Sci Ind Res"},{"key":"5316_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tosuner ZV, Urek RO (2021b) Effects of nutrients on lipids and biodiesel production potential of Haematococcus pluvialis. Environ Eng Manag J 20(8):1289\u20131299.","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2021.119"},{"key":"5316_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-02399-z","volume":"15","author":"M Vasudevan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vasudevan M, Natarajan N (2025) Towards achieving sustainable bioplastics production and nutrient recovery from wastewater: a comprehensive overview on polyhydroxybutyrate. Biomass Convers Biorefin 15:1729\u20131748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-022-02399-z","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefin"},{"key":"5316_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123258","volume":"400","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang MM, Sun Z, Liu SF, Qin ZH, Mou JH, Zhou ZG, Lin CSK (2020) Sustainable lipid and lutein production from Chlorella mixotrophic fermentation by food waste hydrolysate. J Hazard Mater 400:123258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123258","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"5316_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60252a045","volume":"39","author":"MW Weatherburn","year":"1967","unstructured":"Weatherburn MW (1967) Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal Chem 39:971\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac60252a045","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"5316_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s11595-010-0124-x","volume":"25","author":"A Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu A, Lao Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Xia J (2010) Extraction and characterization of PHB from Acidiphilium cryptum DX1-1. J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci Ed 25:938\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11595-010-0124-x","journal-title":"J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci Ed"},{"key":"5316_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2016.12.021","volume":"42","author":"J Zhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhan J, Rong J, Wang Q (2017) Mixotrophic cultivation, a preferable microalgae cultivation mode for biomass\/bioenergy production and bioremediation: advances and prospects. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:8505\u20138517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2016.12.021","journal-title":"Int J Hydrogen Energy"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05316-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05316-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05316-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:43:54Z","timestamp":1793285034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05316-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-026-05316-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-0972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-0972","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"585"}}