{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:02:54Z","timestamp":1788141774438,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Damascus Univesity"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-018-0358-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T03:19:25Z","timestamp":1541560765000},"page":"159-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of bisphosphonate treatment on the jawbone: an exploratory study using periapical and panoramic radiographic evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imad","family":"Barngkgei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esam","family":"Halboub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Almashraqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"358_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785","volume":"285","author":"NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention Diagnosis and Therapy","year":"2001","unstructured":"NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention Diagnosis and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:785\u201395.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"358_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"843","author":"Assessment of fracture risk","year":"1994","unstructured":"Assessment of fracture risk. and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1994;843:1\u2013129.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"358_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.12.004","volume":"104","author":"R Gutta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gutta R, Louis PJ. Bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws: science and rationale. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:186\u201393.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"358_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3747\/co.2008.176","volume":"15","author":"B Petrut","year":"2008","unstructured":"Petrut B, Trinkaus M, Simmons C, Clemons M. A primer of bone metastases management in breast cancer patients. Curr Oncol. 2008;15:50\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"358_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.14712\/18059694.2015.47","volume":"55","author":"Z Janovska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Janovska Z. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. A severe side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2012;55:111\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)"},{"key":"358_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.04.031","volume":"72","author":"SL Ruggiero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J, Goodday R, Aghaloo T, Mehrotra B, et al. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw\u20142014 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:1938\u201356.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"358_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2405","volume":"30","author":"AA Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan AA, Morrison A, Hanley DA, Felsenberg D, McCauley LK, O\u2019Ryan F, et al. Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and international consensus. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30:3\u201323.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"358_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.2465","volume":"24","author":"A Badros","year":"2006","unstructured":"Badros A, Weikel D, Salama A, Goloubeva O, Schneider A, Rapoport A, et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in multiple myeloma patients: clinical features and risk factors. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:945\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"358_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3292","volume":"21","author":"P Tennis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tennis P, Rothman KJ, Bohn RL, Tan H, Zavras A, Laskarides C, et al. Incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw among users of bisphosphonates with selected cancers or osteoporosis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21:810\u20137.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"358_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2006.11431","volume":"136","author":"C Dannemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dannemann C, Zwahlen R, Gratz KW. Clinical experiences with bisphosphonate induced osteochemonecrosis of the jaws. Swiss Med Wkly. 2006;136:504\u20139.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"358_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2013-y","volume":"24","author":"F Lapi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lapi F, Cipriani F, Caputi AP, Corrao G, Vaccheri A, Sturkenboom MC, et al. Assessing the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw due to bisphosphonate therapy in the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:697\u2013705.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"358_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.10.061","volume":"65","author":"T Mavrokokki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mavrokokki T, Cheng A, Stein B, Goss A. Nature and frequency of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws in Australia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65:415\u201323.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"358_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.04.009","volume":"52","author":"A Bedogni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bedogni A, Fedele S, Bedogni G, Scoletta M, Favia G, Colella G, et al. Staging of osteonecrosis of the jaw requires computed tomography for accurate definition of the extent of bony disease. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;52:603\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"358_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12121","volume":"33","author":"M Diniz-Freitas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diniz-Freitas M, Fernandez-Montenegro P, Fernandez-Feijoo J, Limeres-Posse J, Gonzalez-Mosquera A, Vazquez-Garcia E, et al. Mandibular cortical indices on cone-beam computed tomography images in osteoporotic women on treatment with oral bisphosphonates. Gerodontology. 2014;33:155\u201360.","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"358_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2016.46.3.185","volume":"46","author":"I Barngkgei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barngkgei I, Halboub E, Almashraqi AA, Khattab R, Al Haffar I. IDIOS: An innovative index for evaluating dental imaging-based osteoporosis screening indices. Imaging Sci Dent. 2016;46:185\u2013202.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"358_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.02.005","volume":"119","author":"SR Torres","year":"2015","unstructured":"Torres SR, Chen CS, Leroux BG, Lee PP, Hollender LG, Lloid M, et al. Mandibular inferior cortical bone thickness on panoramic radiographs in patients using bisphosphonates. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;119:584\u201392.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12282","volume":"21","author":"S Yamada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamada S, Uchida K, Iwamoto Y, Sugino N, Yoshinari N, Kagami H, et al. Panoramic radiography measurements, osteoporosis diagnoses and fractures in Japanese men and women. Oral Dis. 2015;21:335\u201341.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"358_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-17-00015","volume":"43","author":"N Yajima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yajima N, Munakata M, Fuchigami K, Sanda M, Kasugai S. Influence of bisphosphonates on implant failure rates and characteristics of postmenopausal woman mandibular jawbone. J Oral Implantol. 2017;43:345\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"358_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70097-1","volume":"88","author":"SC White","year":"1999","unstructured":"White SC, Rudolph DJ. Alterations of the trabecular pattern of the jaws in patients with osteoporosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88:628\u201335.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"358_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.07.025","volume":"40","author":"K Karayianni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karayianni K, Horner K, Mitsea A, Berkas L, Mastoris M, Jacobs R, et al. Accuracy in osteoporosis diagnosis of a combination of mandibular cortical width measurement on dental panoramic radiographs and a clinical risk index (OSIRIS): the OSTEODENT project. Bone. 2007;40:223\u20139.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"358_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/30424604","volume":"37","author":"O Nackaerts","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nackaerts O, Jacobs R, Devlin H, Pavitt S, Bleyen E, Yan B, et al. Osteoporosis detection using intraoral densitometry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37:282\u20137.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01615.x","volume":"16","author":"A Taguchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taguchi A. Triage screening for osteoporosis in dental clinics using panoramic radiographs. Oral Dis. 2010;16:316\u201327.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"358_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/55502190","volume":"38","author":"JG Verheij","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verheij JG, Geraets WG, van der Stelt PF, Horner K, Lindh C, Nicopoulou-Karayianni K, et al. Prediction of osteoporosis with dental radiographs and age. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009;38:431\u20137.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-12-1","volume":"12","author":"MS Kavitha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kavitha MS, Asano A, Taguchi A, Kurita T, Sanada M. Diagnosis of osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs using the support vector machine method in a computer-aided system. BMC Med Imaging. 2012;12:1.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"358_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.01.012","volume":"42","author":"H Hamada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamada H, Matsuo A, Koizumi T, Satomi T, Chikazu D. A simple evaluation method for early detection of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the mandible using computed tomography. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42:924\u20139.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"358_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2008.06.003","volume":"52","author":"DA Miles","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miles DA. The future of dental and maxillofacial imaging. Dent Clin North Am. 2008;52:917\u201328 (viii)","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"358_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc1000","volume":"4","author":"F Bertoldo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bertoldo F, Santini D, Lo Cascio V. Bisphosphonates and osteomyelitis of the jaw: a pathogenic puzzle. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2007;4:711\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Oncol"},{"key":"358_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.05.012","volume":"47","author":"A Mavropoulos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mavropoulos A, Kiliaridis S, Rizzoli R, Ammann P. Normal masticatory function partially protects the rat mandibular bone from estrogen-deficiency induced osteoporosis. J Biomech. 2014;47:2666\u201371.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"358_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2013.02.003","volume":"58","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shimizu Y, Ishida T, Hosomichi J, Kaneko S, Hatano K, Ono T. Soft diet causes greater alveolar osteopenia in the mandible than in the maxilla. Arch Oral Biol. 2013;58:907\u201311.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"358_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600674","volume":"31","author":"SC White","year":"2002","unstructured":"White SC. Oral radiographic predictors of osteoporosis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2002;31:84\u201392.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-477","volume":"5","author":"S Otto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Otto S, Sotlar K, Ehrenfeld M, Pautke C. Osteonecrosis of the jaw as a possible rare side effect of annual bisphosphonate administration for osteoporosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5:477.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"358_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.06.221","volume":"72","author":"M Ulmner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ulmner M, Jarnbring F, Torring O. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in Sweden associated with the oral use of bisphosphonate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:76\u201382.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"358_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1999.100503.x","volume":"10","author":"F Bassi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bassi F, Procchio M, Fava C, Schierano G, Preti G. Bone density in human dentate and edentulous mandibles using computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10:356\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"358_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.6.14274","volume":"37","author":"NN Almasoud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almasoud NN, Tanneru N, Marei HF. Alveolar bone density and its clinical implication in the placement of dental implants and orthodontic mini-implants. Saudi Med J. 2016;37:684\u20139.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"358_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/30969642","volume":"35","author":"L Jolley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jolley L, Majumdar S, Kapila S. Technical factors in fractal analysis of periapical radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35:393\u20137.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90303-6","volume":"84","author":"MK Shrout","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shrout MK, Potter BJ, Hildebolt CF. The effect of image variations on fractal dimension calculations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84:96\u2013100.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"358_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.07.020","volume":"98","author":"S Jett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jett S, Shrout MK, Mailhot JM, Potter BJ, Borke JL. An evaluation of the origin of trabecular bone patterns using visual and digital image analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;98:598\u2013604.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"358_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600597","volume":"30","author":"S Pornprasertsuk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pornprasertsuk S, Ludlow JB, Webber RL, Tyndall DA, Yamauchi M. Analysis of fractal dimensions of rat bones from film and digital images. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2001;30:179\u201383.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.150004","volume":"86","author":"E Sener","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sener E, Cinarcik S, Baksi BG. Use of fractal analysis for the discrimination of trabecular changes between individuals with healthy gingiva or moderate periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2015;86:1364\u20139.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"358_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1829-5","volume":"16","author":"C Chappard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chappard C, Brunet-Imbault B, Lemineur G, Giraudeau B, Basillais A, Harba R, et al. Anisotropy changes in post-menopausal osteoporosis: characterization by a new index applied to trabecular bone radiographic images. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16:1193\u2013202.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"358_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600630","volume":"30","author":"AM Bollen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bollen AM, Taguchi A, Hujoel PP, Hollender LG. Fractal dimension on dental radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2001;30:270\u20135.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/23760876","volume":"39","author":"R Licks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Licks R, Licks V, Ourique F, Radke Bittencourt H, Fontanella V. Development of a prediction tool for low bone mass based on clinical data and periapical radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010;39:224\u201330.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"358_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.02.004","volume":"10","author":"K Horner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Horner K, Karayianni K, Mitsea A, Berkas L, Mastoris M, Jacobs R, et al. The mandibular cortex on radiographs as a tool for osteoporosis risk assessment: the OSTEODENT Project. J Clin Densitom. 2007;10:138\u201346.","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"358_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470725337","volume-title":"Quantitative methods for health research: a practical interactive guide to epidemiology and statistics","author":"N Bruce","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bruce N, Pope D, Stanistreet D. Quantitative methods for health research: a practical interactive guide to epidemiology and statistics. Oxford: Wiley; 2008."},{"key":"358_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2232","volume":"29","author":"N Emaus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Emaus N, Wilsgaard T, Ahmed LA. Impacts of body mass index, physical activity, and smoking on femoral bone loss: the Tromso study. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29:2080\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"358_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9785-8","volume":"93","author":"M Callreus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Callreus M, McGuigan F, Akesson K. Adverse effects of smoking on peak bone mass may be attenuated by higher body mass index in young female smokers. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013;93:517\u201325.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"358_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092882","volume":"9","author":"J Oyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oyen J, Gram Gjesdal C, Nygard OK, Lie SA, Meyer HE, Apalset EM, et al. Smoking and body fat mass in relation to bone mineral density and hip fracture: the Hordaland Health Study. PLoS One. 2014;9:e92882.","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Oral Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11282-018-0358-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11282-018-0358-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11282-018-0358-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:12:25Z","timestamp":1775261545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11282-018-0358-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11282-018-0358-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0911-6028","1613-9674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0911-6028","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-9674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Imad Barngkgei, Esam Halboub, and Abeer Almashraqi declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human rights statements and informed consent"}}]}}