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All CBCT images were analysed using Mimics and 3-matic software (Materialise NV, Belgium, version 21.0) to calculate the apical surface area. Impaction level was categorised according to the Pell and Gregory classification system. Spearman\u2019s correlation and Welch\u2019s ANOVA were conducted to assess the relationship between ASAM and age and to compare ASAM across the four levels (A, B, modified B\/C, and C). Differences between left and right IMTM were assessed using an independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, and analysed with SPSS (version 26).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ASAM showed an inverse correlation with age (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.89,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.79), with a median of 4.86 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (IQR: 2.35\u201311.92). The steepest decline was observed between 17\u201318 years, followed by a plateau from 21 years onwards. Left and right IMTM were not statistically different (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.53) and subsequently pooled. ASAM increased with impaction depth; however, only level C exhibited significantly larger ASAM than levels A and B (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with an effect size of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.13, indicating a notable delay in maturation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the relationship between ASAM in IMTM and age, with potential applicability in dental age estimation. However, caution is advised for level C impactions, as the estimated age may be biased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-025-00868-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T12:28:26Z","timestamp":1759840106000},"page":"371-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationships among apical surface area, impaction level, and age in impacted mandibular third molars: a CBCT study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ghassan Ali","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4419-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabiah Al-Adawiyah","family":"Rahmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9085-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Hazwan","family":"Abdul Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghna","family":"Gohain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arofi","family":"Kurniawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuraiza","family":"Mohamad Zaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2481-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norliza","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515615857","volume":"95","author":"K Carter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carter K, Worthington S. 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