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Masseter muscle area was measured on an axial slice at the maxillary sinus floor, and sex-specific cutoffs for low masseter muscle area were derived against sarcopenia defined by appendicular skeletal muscle index. Prognostic value of AI-derived masseter muscle area (AI-MMA) was tested in an independent cohort of primary oral cancer patients (n\u2009=\u2009247) using Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Segmentation performance was high (Dice similarity coefficient, 0.92). AI-MMA correlated strongly with manual MMA in males and females (r\u2009=\u20090.892 and r\u2009=\u20090.896, respectively; both p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Low AI-MMA was associated with poorer overall survival. In multivariable analysis, low AI-MMA remained an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.584; 95% CI, 1.132\u20135.898; p\u2009=\u20090.024), together with stage III\u2013IV disease (HR, 5.811; 95% CI, 2.130\u201315.860; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and low body mass index (HR, 2.572; 95% CI, 1.162\u20135.693; p\u2009=\u20090.020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Automated AI-MMA from routine staging CT provides an objective prognostic biomarker in oral cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-026-00923-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T18:11:18Z","timestamp":1775931078000},"page":"810-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep learning-based automated masseter muscle area on routine CT stratifies survival in oral cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Shin-ichiro","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"923_CR1","first-page":"7","volume":"72","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. 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