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Yet, these dysregulations are heterogenous due to the uncertain prevalence and require a more extensive characterization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate LC-associated dysregulations in inflammatory mediators and lipids by longitudinal Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lipoprotein analysis and cytokine profiling in human blood.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We quantitatively profiled lipoproteins and inflammatory parameters in LC patients at 5 (n\u00a0=\u00a095), 9\u00a0(n\u00a0=\u00a073), 12\u00a0(n\u00a0=\u00a095), 16\u00a0(n\u00a0=\u00a078), and 20\u00a0(n\u00a0=\u00a085) months post AC by in vitro diagnostics research (IVDr)-based NMR spectroscopy. Simultaneously, we assessed inflammatory meditators with a 13-plex cytokine panel by flow cytometry. We then compared the lipoprotein profiles with historical data from AC (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009307) and healthy cohorts collected before the COVID-19 pandemic (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009305), whereas the cytokine profiles were correlated with that of the AC cohort.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified 31 main and 80 significantly altered subclass lipoproteins, respectively. LC was associated with higher serum levels of very low-density, intermediate-density, low-density, high-density lipoproteins, along with triglycerides, cholesterols, and apolipoprotein a-I &amp; a-II lipoproteins compared to the healthy cohort. We also observed significantly lower concentrations of NMR-based inflammatory parameters in LC than in AC cohort, whilst proinflammatory mediators IFN-\u03b12, IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, CXCL8\/IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17\u00a0A, and IL-23 displayed significantly higher concentrations in LC compared with the AC cohort. Conversely, CCL2\/MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-18 were significantly higher in the AC cohort than in LC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate a persistent hyperlipidemic phenotype in LC alongside signs of chronic inflammation and lipoprotein metabolism that vary in states of acute and chronic inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Long COVID-19 is characterized by persistent hyperlipidemic and progressive chronic inflammatory phenotypes for up to 2 years after the acute infection<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-025-02262-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T13:41:31Z","timestamp":1746625291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Longitudinal lipoprotein and inflammatory mediators analysis uncover persisting inflammation and hyperlipidemia following SARS-CoV-2 infection in long COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gyuntae","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Bucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Lonati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Trautwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2024.100344","volume":"79","author":"J Al-Zadjali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Zadjali, J., Al-Lawati, A., Al Riyami, N., Farsi, A., Al Jarradi, K., Boudaka, N., Al Barhoumi, A., Al Lawati, A., Khaifi, M. 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