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Specific cancer biomarkers were determined using commercial kits.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tumours produced significant levels of selected serum cancer biomarkers, and the implanted tumours had changed the serum metabolite profiles\u2014mimicking human lung cancer profiles\u2014which were significantly different from the non-cancer control. Histological analysis confirmed characteristics of solid adenocarcinomas.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The A549 spheroid-derived xenograft model demonstrates promise as a feasible and physiologically relevant tool for non-small cell lung cancer research.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-025-02274-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T05:12:15Z","timestamp":1749618735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing metabolic alterations and cancer biomarkers in athymic nude mice implanted with NSCLC spheroids"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Charity","family":"Mabela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrisna","family":"Gouws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shayne","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wihan","family":"Pheiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2274_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a037820","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a037820","volume":"11","author":"A Arnal-Estap\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arnal-Estap\u00e9, A., Foggetti, G., Starrett, J. 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