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There are few studies concerning the effects of xenobiotics and their transformation products on aquatic plant metabolites, which can uptake and detoxify them using untargeted metabolomics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigates how pharmaceuticals, including diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ), as well as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TRIM), present in aquatic environments, can influence the biosynthetic pathways of\n                      <jats:italic>Lemna minor<\/jats:italic>\n                      .Based on previous research on the effects of DCF, SMX, and TRIM on\n                      <jats:italic>Lemna<\/jats:italic>\n                      pathways, specifically phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, and the phenylpropanoid pathway, including flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Lemna<\/jats:italic>\n                      was incubated with DCF, CBZ, SMX, and TRIM alone and in a mixture (MIX) at 5 ppb (5 \u00b5g\/L) for 5 days, at concentrations near environmental levels. The methanolic extract was analysed using a Q Exactive Focus Orbitrap to investigate changes in the aforementioned biosynthetic pathways, as reported in previous studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Lemna<\/jats:italic>\n                      can modulate its pathways to produce more phenolic compounds as a defence mechanism against various drugs. This modulation can be considered an indicator for each drug.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment can affect the biosynthetic pathways of\n                      <jats:italic>Lemna<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Therefore,\n                      <jats:italic>Lemna minor<\/jats:italic>\n                      can be used as a model to study the stress-response of different pharmaceuticals on plant metabolites and their pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-026-02405-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T04:17:26Z","timestamp":1772857046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and their mixture on the metabolism of Lemna minor: a targeted metabonomic study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rofida","family":"Wahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffroy","family":"Duport\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Chiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Drewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Sauv\u00eatre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Cruzeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2405_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brain, R. 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