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Howe Professorship before his at the end of March, 2025. He receive a compensation as a consultant for Tsumura & Co.Ken Cheung, PhD has received support from Tsumura & Co. for the current study.Takashi Matsumoto, PhD is an employee of Tsumura & Co.Ian Lanza, PhD, and Xuan-Mai T. Petterson, BA managed the metabolomics analyses, which were conducted on a fee-for-service basis at the Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core.Bj\u00f6rn Oskarsson, MD has received support from Tsumura & Co, serves as a consultant for MediciNova Inc and Mitsubishi, and has research funding from NINDS, Biogen, MediciNova, Cytokinetics, Mitsubishi, Calico, Sanofi, and TARGET ALS.Stephen Johnson, MD has received research support from the ALS Association.Grace E. Jang, BA has received support from Tsumura & Co. until June, 2025.Howard Andrews, MS, PhD directs the Data Management Center at Columbia University, which received support from Tsumura & Co. for data management.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"128"}}