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MHC has received grant support from Bayer and consulting fees from Apogee Therapeutics and BMS, unrelated to the current work. JHY received institutional grant support from Bayer and consulting fee from Genentech and Bridge Biotherpeutics. JH received a gift from BridgeBio Inc. to conduct research.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research board (LTRC: 2018P000186 [Network Analysis of Multiple Omics Data in the Lung Tissue Research Consortium]; COPDGene: 2007P000554 [Genetic Epidemiology of COPD]) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards; Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the stud.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"142"}}