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However, the compatibility of microorganisms is constrained by their distinct ecological niche and metabolic activities, which may limit the stability of consortia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To characterize the biochemical landscape of\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains and evaluate their metabolic compatibility with the\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      consortium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Metabolites were extracted from each\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain using LC\u2013MS grade quality methanol. The methanolic extracts were analysed on a UPLC\u2013MS system. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed to assess sample clustering and overall metabolic variation among\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. Feature-based molecular networking was used for metabolite annotation of\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s chemical space. Functional analysis was used to map annotated metabolites in the metabolic pathways of\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings revealed distinct metabolic markers, including primary and secondary metabolites. The sphingolipid metabolism was significantly impacted, among others. The in vitro studies revealed a positive interaction with no evidence of antagonism between\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains and the\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      consortium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The major constraint of biostimulant application is the lack of standardisation in product composition. Therefore, these findings provide insights into the molecular composition and functional dynamics of microbial networks. Such knowledge is crucial and essential for the development of cutting-edge innovations in the field of biostimulants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-026-02531-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:17:57Z","timestamp":1791051477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The chemical blueprint of Trichoderma for next-generation microbial biostimulants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Thuso","family":"Mudau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lerato Pertunia","family":"Tshehlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keabetswe Tebogo","family":"Ncube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fidele","family":"Tugizimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2531_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-025-04753-5","volume":"42","author":"M Aamir","year":"2026","unstructured":"Aamir, M., Shah, K., Moharana, D. 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