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Therefore, we examined cerebral [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET uptake in two chemically induced rat epilepsy models and in patients with focal epilepsy to further investigate whether this phenomenon represents a major pitfall in brain tumor diagnostics and whether [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET may be a potential marker to localize epileptic foci.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Five rats underwent kainic acid titration to exhibit 3 to 3.5\u00a0h of class IV\u2013V motor seizures (status epilepticus, SE). Rats underwent 4\u00d7 [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET PET and 4\u00d7 MRI on the following 25\u00a0days. Six rats underwent kindling with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) 3 to 8\u00d7\/week over 10\u00a0weeks, and hence, seizures increased from class I to class IV. [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET PET and MRI were performed regularly on days with and without seizures. Four rats served as healthy controls. Additionally, five patients with focal epilepsy underwent [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET PET within 12\u00a0days after the last documented seizure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No abnormalities in [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET PET or MRI were detected in the kindling model. The SE model showed significantly decreased [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET uptake 3\u00a0days after SE in all examined brain regions, and especially in the amygdala region, which normalized within 2\u00a0weeks. Corresponding signal alterations in T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-weighted MRI were noted in the amygdala and hippocampus, which recovered 24\u00a0days post-SE. No abnormality of cerebral [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET uptake was noted in the epilepsy patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was no evidence for increased cerebral [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET uptake after epileptic seizures neither in the rat models nor in patients. The SE model even showed decreased [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET uptake throughout the brain. We conclude that epileptic seizures <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> do not cause a longer lasting increased [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FET accumulation and are unlikely to be a major cause of pitfall for brain tumor diagnostics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-020-01503-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T18:13:45Z","timestamp":1589480025000},"page":"1255-1265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigation of Cerebral O-(2-[18F]Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine Uptake in Rat Epilepsy Models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4191-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Stegmayr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Surges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Burda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Stoffels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fil\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Willuweit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Neumaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Heinzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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