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Several Super-resolution (SR) techniques using <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic> anatomical information have been proposed to correct motion and PVE in PET images. Ultrasound is ideally suited to capture real-time high-resolution cine images of rodent hearts. Here, we evaluated an ultrasound-based SR method using simultaneously acquired and co-registered PET-CT-Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging (UUI) of the beating heart in closed-chest rodents.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The method was tested with numerical and animal data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) acquired with the non-invasive hybrid imaging system PETRUS that acquires simultaneously PET, CT, and UUI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We showed that ultrasound-based SR drastically enhances the quality of PET images of the beating rodent heart. For the simulations, the deviations between expected and mean reconstructed values were 2\u00a0% after applying SR. For the experimental data, when using Ultrasound-based\u00a0SR correction, contrast was improved by a factor of two, signal-to-noise ratio by 11\u00a0%, and spatial resolution by 56\u00a0% (~\u20090.88\u00a0mm) with respect to static PET. As a consequence, the metabolic defect following an acute cardiac ischemia was delineated with much higher anatomical precision.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results provided a proof-of-concept that image quality of cardiac PET in fast-beating rodent hearts can be significantly improved by ultrasound-based SR, a portable low-cost technique. Improved PET imaging of the rodent heart may allow new explorations of physiological and pathological situations related with cardiac metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-020-01512-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T16:04:35Z","timestamp":1593446675000},"page":"1342-1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging for Super-Resolution Preclinical Cardiac PET"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mailyn","family":"Perez-Liva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thulaciga","family":"Yoganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin L.","family":"Herraiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Por\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickael","family":"Tanter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Balvay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Viel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anikitos","family":"Garofalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Provost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Tavitian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1512_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.225011","volume":"590","author":"J Jeppesen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeppesen J, Kiens B (2012) Regulation and limitations to fatty acid oxidation during exercise. 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