{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:20:28Z","timestamp":1787314828481,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"University of Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Imaging Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study investigated the effects of laterality, age, gender, BMI, and physical activity level on iliac bone turnover using [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]NaF PET\/CT.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifty-nine males and 44 females from the CAMONA study were analyzed. A region of interest (ROI) was drawn to segment the iliac bone using Hounsfield unit thresholds and morphological closing algorithm. [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]NaF SUVmean was compared between the left and right iliac bones using a paired t-test, while Pearson correlation\u00a0coefficient assessed changes with age, BMI, and physical activity level.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]NaF uptake was higher in right iliac bone than left in males, females, and the combined-group. In males, SUVmean was 2.98 \u00b1\u20091.63 (1.1\u20137.87) on left and 3.71 \u00b1\u20091.49 (1.49\u20133.7) on right. In females, SUVmean was 2.59 \u00b1\u20091.14 (0.88\u20136.27) on left and 3.72 \u00b1\u20091.04 (2.22\u20136.51) on right. Combined, SUVmean was 2.81 \u00b1\u20091.44 (0.88\u20137.87) on left and 3.71 \u00b1\u20091.31 (0.89\u20138.07) on right. [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]NaF uptake negatively correlated with age (right: r\u2009= -\u20090.27, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.006; left: r\u2009= -\u20090.22, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.02), stronger in females (right: r\u2009= -\u20090.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.04; left: r\u2009= -\u20090.31, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.04) than males (right: r\u2009= -\u20090.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.04; left: r\u2009= -\u20090.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.18). SUVmean correlated positively with BMI in males (right: r\u2009= 0.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0002; left: r\u2009= 0.38, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0027), females (right: r\u2009= 0.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0168; left: r\u2009= 0.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0505),\u00a0and combined-group (right: r\u2009= 0.43, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt; 0.0001; left: r\u2009= 0.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0001). No significant correlation was found between SUVmean and physical activity in males, while in females, a negative correlation was observed on left (r =\u2009- 0.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0390) but not\u00a0on right (r =\u2009- 0.27, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.1302), and when combined, the correlation remained significant on left (r =\u2009- 0.24, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0372) but not on right (r =\u2009- 0.16, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.1541).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]NaF uptake was higher in the right iliac bone and declined with age, particularly in females. The positive correlation between SUVmean and BMI; and the negative correlation between SUVmean and physical activity suggest metabolic influences on bone turnover. [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]NaF PET\/CT may serve as a tool for assessing bone metabolism and turnover in asymptomatic individuals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-025-02003-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T16:06:48Z","timestamp":1745510808000},"page":"295-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["[18F]NaF PET\/CT Imaging of Iliac Bones to Assess Bone Turnover"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shashi B.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Om H.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bimash B.","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Glennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha Rosario","family":"Bahadur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloofaralsadat","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishor","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poul Flemming","family":"H\u00f8ilund-Carlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3300-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona-Elisabeth","family":"Revheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abass","family":"Alavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2003_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA (2021) Osteoporosis or low bone mass in older adults: United States, 2017\u20132018. NCHS Data Brief 405:1\u20138","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:103477"},{"key":"2003_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505S","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00258-4","volume":"17","author":"BL Riggs","year":"1995","unstructured":"Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd (1995) The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone 17:505S-511S","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2003_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.12.016","volume":"104","author":"HP Dimai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dimai HP (2017) Use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for diagnosis and fracture risk assessment; WHO-criteria, T- and Z-score, and reference databases. Bone 104:39\u201343","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2003_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-010-9154-0","volume":"11","author":"G Karaguzel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karaguzel G, Holick MF (2010) Diagnosis and treatment of osteopenia. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 11:237\u2013251","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2003_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4208.2015","volume":"86","author":"AA Licata","year":"2015","unstructured":"Licata AA (2015) Challenges of estimating fracture risk with DXA: Changing concepts about bone strength and bone density. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 86:628\u2013632","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform"},{"key":"2003_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.016","volume":"80","author":"MH Edwards","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edwards MH, Dennison EM, Aihie Sayer A et al (2015) Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older age. Bone 80:126\u2013130","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2003_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1568","volume":"90","author":"SA Wainwright","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wainwright SA, Marshall LM, Ensrud KE et al (2005) Hip fracture in women without osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2787\u20132793","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2003_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.06.005","volume":"18","author":"SB Broy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Broy SB, Cauley JA, Lewiecki ME et al (2015) Fracture risk prediction by non-BMD DXA measures: The 2015 ISCD official positions part 1: Hip geometry. J Clin Densitom 18:287\u2013308","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"2003_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y","volume":"33","author":"MS LeBoff","year":"2022","unstructured":"LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL et al (2022) The clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 33:2049\u20132102","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2003_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000418","volume":"27","author":"C Steller Wagner Martins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Steller Wagner Martins C, Jorgetti V, Moys\u00e9s RMA (2018) Time to rethink the use of bone biopsy to prevent fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 27:243\u2013250","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"2003_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-016-0312-5","volume":"14","author":"W Raynor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raynor W, Houshmand S, Gholami S et al (2016) Evolving role of molecular imaging with (18)F-sodium fluoride PET as a biomarker for calcium metabolism. Curr Osteoporos Rep 14:115\u2013125","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"2003_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.12.003","volume":"43","author":"KJ Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin KJ, Olgaard K, Coburn JW et al (2004) Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of bone turnover abnormalities in renal osteodystrophy. Am J Kidney Dis 43:558\u2013565","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2003_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04383-8","volume":"46","author":"PF H\u00f8ilund-Carlsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"H\u00f8ilund-Carlsen PF, Edenbrandt L, Alavi A (2019) Global disease score (GDS) is the name of the game! Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 46:1768\u20131772","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2003_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00002142-200210000-00002","volume":"13","author":"MJ Barger-Lux","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barger-Lux MJ, Recker RR (2002) Bone microstructure in osteoporosis: transilial biopsy and histomorphometry. Top Magn Reson Imaging 13:297\u2013305","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2003_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpet.2022.09.001","volume":"18","author":"AJ Sheppard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sheppard AJ, Paravastu SS, Wojnowski NM et al (2023) Emerging role of 18F-NaF PET\/computed tomographic imaging in osteoporosis: a potential upgrade to the osteoporosis toolbox. PET Clin 18:1\u201320","journal-title":"PET Clin"},{"key":"2003_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115351","volume":"136","author":"S Rhodes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rhodes S, Batzdorf A, Sorci O et al (2020) Assessment of femoral neck bone metabolism using 18F-sodium fluoride PET\/CT imaging. Bone 136:115351","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2003_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040818","volume":"19","author":"ML Frost","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frost ML, Fogelman I, Blake GM et al (2004) Dissociation between global markers of bone formation and direct measurement of spinal bone formation in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 19:1797\u20131804","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2003_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.082263","volume":"51","author":"G Segall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Segall G, Delbeke D, Stabin MG et al (2010) SNM practice guideline for sodium 18F-fluoride PET\/CT bone scans 1.0. J Nucl Med 51:1813\u20131820","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2003_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23546","volume":"300","author":"HK Kurki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kurki HK (2017) Bilateral asymmetry in the human pelvis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 300:653\u2013665","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2003_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.6.2183","volume":"88","author":"S Judex","year":"2000","unstructured":"Judex S, Zernicke RF (2000) High-impact exercise and growing bone: relation between high strain rates and enhanced bone formation. J Appl Physiol 88:2183\u20132191","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2003_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2291","volume":"16","author":"YF Hsieh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hsieh YF, Robling AG, Ambrosius WT et al (2001) Mechanical loading of diaphyseal bone in vivo: the strain threshold for an osteogenic response varies with location. J Bone Miner Res 16:2291\u20132297","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2003_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.09.004","volume":"50","author":"BM Auerbach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Auerbach BM, Ruff CB (2006) Limb bone bilateral asymmetry: variability and commonality among modern humans. J Hum Evol 50:203\u2013218","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"2003_CR23","first-page":"1168","volume":"62","author":"PSU Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park PSU, Raynor W, Werner T et al (2021) Assessing the effects of age and sex in bone turnover in tibia using NaF-PET\/CT. J Nucl Med 62:1168","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2003_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.051243","volume":"44","author":"R Brophy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brophy R, Silvers HJ, Gonzales T, Mandelbaum BR (2010) Gender influences: the role of leg dominance in ACL injury among soccer players. Br J Sports Med 44:694\u2013697","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2003_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512439027","volume":"40","author":"G Ruedl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruedl G, Webhofer M, Helle K et al (2012) Leg dominance is a risk factor for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female recreational skiers. Am J Sports Med 40:1269\u20131273","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2003_CR26","first-page":"108","volume":"7","author":"A Al-Zaghal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Zaghal A, Yellanki DP, Kothekar E et al (2019) Sacroiliac joint asymmetry regarding inflammation and bone turnover: Assessment by FDG and NaF PET\/CT. Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol 7:108\u2013114","journal-title":"Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol"},{"key":"2003_CR27","first-page":"181","volume":"21","author":"DP Yellanki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yellanki DP, Kothekar E, Al-Zaghal A et al (2018) Efficacy of 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF PET\/CT imaging: A novel semi-quantitative assessment of the effects of age and obesity on hip joint inflammation and bone degeneration. Hell J Nucl Med 21:181\u2013185","journal-title":"Hell J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2003_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0082","volume":"85","author":"JD Adachi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adachi JD, Adami S, Gehlbach S et al (2010) Impact of prevalent fractures on quality of life: baseline results from the global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women. Mayo Clin Proc 85:806\u2013813","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2003_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081720","volume":"181","author":"G Ioannidis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM et al (2009) Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. CMAJ 181:265\u2013271","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2003_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katsimbri P (2017) The biology of normal bone remodelling. Eur J Cancer Care 26(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecc.12740","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12740"},{"key":"2003_CR31","first-page":"115","volume":"21","author":"SC Manolagas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Manolagas SC (2000) Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 21:115\u2013137","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2003_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070607","volume":"7","author":"DM Black","year":"1992","unstructured":"Black DM, Cummings SR, Genant HK et al (1992) Axial and appendicular bone density predict fractures in older women. J Bone Miner Res 7:633\u2013638","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2003_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2007.06.008","volume":"252","author":"R Pacifici","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pacifici R (2008) Estrogen deficiency, T cells and bone loss. Cell Immunol 252:68\u201380","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2003_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.618123","volume":"12","author":"M-P Lecart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lecart M-P, Reginster J-Y (2011) Current options for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 12:2533\u20132552","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2003_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09738-5","volume":"23","author":"K David","year":"2022","unstructured":"David K, Narinx N, Antonio L et al (2022) Bone health in ageing men. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 23:1173\u20131208","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2003_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.22.2815","volume":"286","author":"ES Siris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Siris ES, Miller PD, Barrett-Connor E et al (2001) Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment. JAMA 286:2815\u20132822","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2003_CR37","first-page":"136","volume":"13","author":"PSU Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park PSU, Jia L, Raynor WY et al (2023) Novel technique of detecting inflammatory and osseous changes in the glenohumeral joint associated with patient age and weight using FDG- and NaF-PET imaging. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 13:136\u2013146","journal-title":"Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2003_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2016.12.010","volume":"39","author":"SA Shapses","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shapses SA, Pop LC, Wang Y (2017) Obesity is a concern for bone health with aging. Nutr Res 39:1\u201313","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"2003_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071016","volume":"23","author":"TG Travison","year":"2008","unstructured":"Travison TG, Araujo AB, Esche GR et al (2008) Lean mass and not fat mass is associated with male proximal femur strength. J Bone Miner Res 23:189\u2013198","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2003_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1863-y","volume":"16","author":"C De Laet","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Laet C, Kanis JA, Od\u00e9n A et al (2005) Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 16:1330\u20131338","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2003_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2018.33.4.435","volume":"33","author":"AR Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong AR, Kim SW (2018) Effects of resistance exercise on bone health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 33:435\u2013444","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"2003_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner CH, Robling AG (2005) Mechanisms by which exercise improves bone strength. J Bone Miner Metab 23 Suppl:16\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03026318"},{"issue":"1","key":"2003_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77560-7","volume":"10","author":"S Okazaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okazaki S, Shirahama M, Hashida R et al (2020) Iliac intramedullary stabilization for Type IIIA fragility fractures of the pelvis. Sci Rep 10(1):20380","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2003_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2021.28.4.249","volume":"28","author":"B-H Yoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoon B-H, Kim D-Y (2021) Discordance between hip and spine bone mineral density: a point of care. J Bone Metab 28:249\u2013251","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"2003_CR45","first-page":"155","volume":"84","author":"K Kobayashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kobayashi K, Sato K, Kato F et al (2022) Trends in the numbers of spine surgeries and spine surgeons over the past 15 years. Nagoya J Med Sci 84:155\u2013162","journal-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci"},{"key":"2003_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01141","volume":"97","author":"H Maradit Kremers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maradit Kremers H, Larson DR, Crowson CS et al (2015) Prevalence of total hip and knee replacement in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am 97:1386\u20131397","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2003_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.1995.tb05544.x","volume":"103","author":"T Steiniche","year":"1995","unstructured":"Steiniche T (1995) Bone histomorphometry in the pathophysiological evaluation of primary and secondary osteoporosis and various treatment modalities. APMIS 103:5\u201344","journal-title":"APMIS"}],"container-title":["Molecular Imaging and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11307-025-02003-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11307-025-02003-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11307-025-02003-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T19:02:20Z","timestamp":1749754940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11307-025-02003-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11307-025-02003-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-1632","1860-2002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-1632","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-2002","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in regard to this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}