{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:32:23Z","timestamp":1785281543915,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,13]],"date-time":"2014-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-0979-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]],"date-time":"2014-04-12T18:09:42Z","timestamp":1397326182000},"page":"135-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Diagnosis and treatment of snoring in adults\u2013S2k Guideline of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Boris A.","family":"Stuck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Dreher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Heiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"K\u00fchnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim T.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Pistner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Sitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Verse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"979_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0389-5","volume":"14","author":"BA Stuck","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stuck BA, Abrams J, de la Chaux R, Dreher A, Heiser C, Hohenhorst W, K\u00fchnel T, Maurer JT, Pirsig W, Steffen A, Verse T (2010) Diagnosis and treatment of snoring in adults\u2014S1 Guideline of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Sleep Breathing 14:317\u2013321","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing"},{"key":"979_CR2","series-title":"diagnostic and coding manual","volume-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2005","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005) International classification of sleep disorders, 2nd edn, diagnostic and coding manual. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester","edition":"2"},{"key":"979_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2002.00554.x","volume":"27","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Stone P, McGuinness K, Morris J, Camilleri AE (2002) Sound frequency analysis and the site of snoring in natural and induced sleep. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 27:162\u2013166","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"key":"979_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.12.1254","volume":"134","author":"N Hiraki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hiraki N, Suzuki H, Udaka T, Shiomori T (2008) Snoring, daytime sleepiness, and nasal obstruction with or without allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 134:1254\u20131257","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0623-y","volume":"265","author":"CO Kara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kara CO, T\u00fcmkaya F, Ardic N, Topuz B (2008) Does tonsillectomy reduce the risk of being a habitual or severe snorer? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 265:1263\u20131268","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.6.1779","volume":"130","author":"M Knuiman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Knuiman M, James A, Divitini M, Bartholomew H (2006) Longitudinal study of risk factors for habitual snoring in a general adult population: the Busselton Health Study. Chest 130:1779\u20131783","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"979_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2007.02.024","volume":"31","author":"E Ozturk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozturk E, Dalayman D, Sonmez G, Mutlu H, Sildiroglu HO, Basekim CC, Kizilkaya E (2007) The effect of pharyngeal soft tissue components on snoring. Clin Imaging 31:259\u2013263","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"979_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.6.2012001","volume":"164","author":"D Carmelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carmelli D, Bliwise DL, Swan GE, Reed T (2001) Genetic factors in self-reported snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness: a twin study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:949\u2013952","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"979_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489950180306","volume":"119","author":"D Friberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Friberg D (1999) Heavy snorer\u2019s disease: a progressive local neuropathy. Acta Otolaryngol 119:925\u2013933","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21371","volume":"121","author":"O Sunnergren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sunnergren O, Brostr\u00f6m A, Svanborg E (2011) Soft palate sensory neuropathy in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope 121:451\u2013456","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"979_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1730","volume":"35","author":"DA Dantas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dantas DA, Mauad T, Silva LF, Lorenzi-Filho G, Formigoni GG, Cahali MB (2012) The extracellular matrix of the lateral pharyngeal wall in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 35:483\u2013490","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"979_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9805070","volume":"159","author":"E Lindberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lindberg E, Elmasry A, Gislason T, Janson C, Bengtsson H, Hetta J, Nettelbladt M, Boman G (1999) Evolution of sleep apnea syndrome in sleepy snorers: a population-based prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:2024\u20132027","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"979_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2010.02127.x","volume":"35","author":"RA Cathcart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cathcart RA, Hamilton DW, Drinnan MJ, Gibson GJ, Wilson JA (2010) Night-to-night variation in snoring sound severity: one night studies are not reliable. Clin Otolaryngol 35:198\u2013203","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-160797-7\/50090-2","volume-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","author":"V Hoffstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoffstein V (2005) Snoring and upper airway resistance. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds) Principles and practice of sleep medicine. Philadelphia Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1001\u20131012"},{"key":"979_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7084.860","volume":"314","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ohayon MM, Guilleminault C, Priest RG, Caulet M (1997) Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep: telephone interview survey of a United Kingdom population sample. BMJ 314:860\u2013863","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"979_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00540-9","volume":"35","author":"FB Hu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hu FB, Willett WC, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ (2000) Snoring and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:308\u2013313","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"979_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400630","volume":"4","author":"M Roopa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roopa M, Deepa M, Indulekha K, Mohan V (2010) Prevalence of sleep abnormalities and their association with metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-67). J Diabetes Sci Technol 4:1524\u20131531","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"979_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(99)90299-8","volume":"93","author":"C Zamarr\u00f3n","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zamarr\u00f3n C, Gude F, Otero Otero Y, Rodr\u00edguez-Su\u00e1rez JR (1999) Snoring and myocardial infarction: a 4-year follow-up study. Respir Med 93:108\u2013112","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"979_CR19","first-page":"35","volume":"16","author":"JH Groen de","year":"1993","unstructured":"de Groen JH, Op den Velde W, Hovens JE, Falger PR, Schouten EG, van Duijn H (1993) Snoring and anxiety dreams. Sleep 16:35\u201336","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"979_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.2.205","volume":"22","author":"JH Ficker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ficker JH, Wiest GH, Lehnert G, Meyer M, Hahn EG (1999) Are snoring medical students at risk of failing their exams? Sleep 22:205\u2013209","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"979_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131209100110","volume":"91","author":"AL Hamdan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamdan AL, Al-Barazi R, Kanaan A, Al-Tamimi W, Sinno S, Husari A (2012) The effect of snoring on voice: a controlled study of 30 subjects. Ear Nose Throat J 91:28\u201333","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"979_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055873.71552.51","volume":"60","author":"AI Scher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scher AI, Lipton RB, Stewart WF (2003) Habitual snoring as a risk factor for chronic daily headache. Neurology 60:1366\u20131368","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"979_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.15.2289","volume":"160","author":"EO Bixler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, Ten Have T, Leiby BE, Vela-Bueno A, Kales A (2000) Association of hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing. Arch Intern Med 160:2289\u20132295","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"979_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2076","volume":"35","author":"NS Marshall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marshall NS, Wong KK, Cullen SR, Knuiman MW, Grunstein RR (2012) Snoring is not associated with all-cause mortality, incident cardiovascular disease, or stroke in the Busselton Health Study. Sleep 35:1235\u20131240","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"979_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","volume":"342","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J (2000) Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 342:1378\u20131384","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"979_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811402475","volume":"145","author":"J Rich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rich J, Raviv A, Raviv N, Brietzke SE (2011) An epidemiologic study of snoring and all-cause mortality. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 145:341\u2013346","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704","volume":"328","author":"T Young","year":"1993","unstructured":"Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S (1993) The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 328:1230\u20131235","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"979_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/073993300245311","volume":"21","author":"J Ulfberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ulfberg J, Carter N, Talb\u00e4ck M, Edling C (2000) Adverse health effects among women living with heavy snorers. Health Care Women Int 21:81\u201390","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"key":"979_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2176","volume":"128","author":"P Virkkula","year":"2005","unstructured":"Virkkula P, Bachour A, Hyt\u00f6nen M, Malmberg H, Salmi T, Maasilta P (2005) Patient- and bedpartner-reported symptoms, smoking and nasal resistance in sleep disordered breathing. Chest 128:2176\u20132182","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"979_CR30","first-page":"80","volume":"20","author":"E Alcoceba","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alcoceba E, Gonzalez M, Gaig P, Figuerola E, Auguet T, Olona M (2010) Edema of the uvula: etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 20:80\u201383","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"979_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(88)80015-5","volume":"90","author":"JW Pasman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pasman JW, Joosten EM, Wouters HJ (1998) Increased daytime sleepiness and snoring\u2014obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused by webbing of the soft palate. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 90:75\u201378","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"979_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930.57.7.454","volume":"57","author":"MR Scherler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scherler MR (2000) Chirurgische Behandlungsm\u00f6glichkeiten des Schnarchens und der Schlafapnoe. Ther Umsch 57:454\u2013457","journal-title":"Ther Umsch"},{"key":"979_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.03.042","volume":"135","author":"SE Brietzke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brietzke SE, Mair EA (2006) Acoustical analysis of snoring: can the probability of success be predicted? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135:417\u2013420","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0700-2","volume":"265","author":"M Herzog","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herzog M, Schmidt A, Bremert T, Herzog B, Hosemann W, Kaftan H (2008) Analysed snoring sounds correlate to obstructive sleep disordered breathing. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 265:105\u2013113","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20153","volume":"119","author":"M Herzog","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herzog M, Kuhnel T, Bremert T, Herzog B, Hosemann W, Kaftan H (2009) The upper airway in sleep-disordered breathing: a clinical prediction model. Laryngoscope 119:765\u2013773","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"979_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00101703","volume":"25","author":"TM Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jones TM, Swift AC, Calverley PM, Ho MS, Earis JE (2005) Acoustic analysis of snoring before and after palatal surgery. Eur Respir J 25:1044\u20131049","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"979_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.1999.00229.x","volume":"24","author":"JE Osborne","year":"1999","unstructured":"Osborne JE, Osman EZ, Hill PD, Lee BV, Sparkes C (1999) A new acoustic method of differentiating palatal from non-palatal snoring. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 24:130\u2013133","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"key":"979_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00800.x","volume":"29","author":"NC Saunders","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saunders NC, Tassone P, Wood G, Norris A, Harries M, Kotecha B (2004) Is acoustic analysis of snoring an alternative to sleep nasendoscopy? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 29:242\u2013246","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"key":"979_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0858-7","volume":"266","author":"M Herzog","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herzog M, Kuhnel T, Bremert T, Herzog B, Hosemann W, Kaftan H (2009) The impact of the microphone position on the frequency analysis of snoring sounds. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 266:1315\u20131322","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1798-1","volume":"269","author":"H Babar-Craig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Babar-Craig H, Rajani NK, Bailey P, Kotecha BT (2012) Validation of sleep nasendoscopy for assessment of snoring with bispectral index monitoring. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 269:1277\u20131279","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1991.tb01050.x","volume":"16","author":"CB Croft","year":"1991","unstructured":"Croft CB, Pringle M (1991) Sleep nasendoscopy: a technique of assessment in snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. Clin Otolaryngol allied Sci 16:504\u2013509","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol allied Sci"},{"key":"979_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000161347.07881.6d","volume":"115","author":"C Herder den","year":"2005","unstructured":"den Herder C, van Tinteren H, de Vries N (2005) Sleep endoscopy versus modified Mallampati score in sleep apnea and snoring. Laryngoscope 115:735\u2013739","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"979_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200109","volume":"112","author":"MR Badawey El","year":"2003","unstructured":"El Badawey MR, McKee G, Heggie N, Marshall H, Wilson JA (2003) Predictive value of sleep nasendoscopy in the management of habitual snorers. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112:40\u201344","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"979_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/0365523031000055","volume":"550","author":"K Iwanaga","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iwanaga K, Hasegawa K, Shibata N, Kawakatsu K, Akita Y, Suzuki K, Yagisawa M, Nishimura T (2003) Endoscopic examination of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients during drug-induced sleep. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 550:36\u201340","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"979_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji063","volume":"27","author":"A Johal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johal A, Battagel JM, Kotecha BT (2005) Sleep nasendoscopy: a diagnostic tool for predicting treatment success with mandibular advancement splints in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur J Orthod 27:607\u2013614","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"979_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1633-8","volume":"268","author":"EJ Kezirian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kezirian EJ, Hohenhorst W, de Vries N (2011) Drug-induced sleep endoscopy: the VOTE classification. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 268:1233\u20131236","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00618.x","volume":"18","author":"MB Pringle","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pringle MB, Croft CB (1993) A grading system for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea\u2014based on sleep nasendoscopy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 18:480\u2013484","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"key":"979_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480050218753","volume":"120","author":"H Steinhart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Steinhart H, Kuhn-Lohmann J, Gewalt K, Constantinidis J, Mertzlufft F, Iro H (2000) Upper airway collapsibility in habitual snorers and sleep apneics: evaluation with drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Acta Otolaryngol 120:990\u2013994","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966529","volume":"86","author":"A Dreher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dreher A, Klemens C, Patscheider M, Kramer M, Feucht N, Schultheiss C, Baker F, de la Chaux R (2007) Use of pharyngeal pressure measurement to localize the source of snoring. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 86:789\u2013793","journal-title":"Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie"},{"key":"979_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200806-981OC","volume":"179","author":"KC Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es KC, Drager LF, Genta PR, Marcondes BF, Lorenzi-Filho G (2009) Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179:962\u2013966","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"979_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38705.470590.55","volume":"332","author":"MA Puhan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Puhan MA, Suarez A, Lo Cascio C, Zahn A, Heitz M, Braendli O (2006) Didgeridoo playing as alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 332:266\u2013270","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"979_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.254","volume":"27","author":"WJ Randerath","year":"2004","unstructured":"Randerath WJ, Galetke W, Domanski U, Weitkunat R, Ruhle KH (2004) Tongue-muscle training by intraoral electrical neurostimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 27:254\u2013259","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"979_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-007-0159-1","volume":"12","author":"I Pai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pai I, Lo S, Wolf D, Kajieker A (2008) The effect of singing on snoring and daytime somnolence. Sleep Breath 12:265\u2013268","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"979_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2011.02297.x","volume":"36","author":"PJ Wardrop","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wardrop PJ, Ravichandran S, Hair M, Robertson SM, Sword D (2011) Do wind and brass players snore less? A cross-sectional study of snoring and daytime fatigue in professional orchestral musicians. Clin Otolaryngol 36:134\u2013138","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1054\/ctim.2000.0376","volume":"8","author":"A Ojay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ojay A, Ernst E (2000) Can singing exercises reduce snoring? A pilot study. Complement Ther Med 8:151\u2013156","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"979_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0683-5","volume":"17","author":"MJ Ravesloot","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ravesloot MJ, van Maanen JP, Dun L, de Vries N (2013) The undervalued potential of positional therapy in position-dependent snoring and obstructive sleep apnea-a review of the literature. Sleep Breath 17:39\u201349","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"979_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890240045010","volume":"122","author":"S Loth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Loth S, Petruson B (1996) Improved nasal breathing reduces snoring and morning tiredness. A 6-month follow-up study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:1337\u20131340","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.1.64","volume":"125","author":"S Loth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Loth S, Petruson B, Wir\u00e9n L, Wilhelmsen L (1999) Better quality of life when nasal breathing of snoring men is improved at night. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 125:64\u201367","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR59","first-page":"283","volume":"30","author":"B Petruson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Petruson B, Theman K (1992) Clinical evaluation of the nasal dilator Nozovent. The effect on snoring and dryness of the mouth. Rhinology 30:283\u2013287","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"979_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870040084019","volume":"116","author":"B Petruson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Petruson B (1990) Snoring can be reduced when the nasal airflow is increased by the nasal dilator Nozovent. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 116:462\u2013464","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90358-4","volume":"92","author":"G Liistro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liistro G, Rombaux P, Dury M, Pieters T, Aubert G, Rodenstein DO (1998) Effects of Breathe Right on snoring: a polysomnographic study. Respir Med 92:1076\u20131078","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"979_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.01504.x","volume":"15","author":"D Pevernagie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pevernagie D, Hamans E, Van Cauwenberge P, Pauwels R (2000) External nasal dilation reduces snoring in chronic rhinitis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Respir J 15:996\u20131000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"979_CR63","first-page":"367","volume":"3","author":"A Todorova","year":"1998","unstructured":"Todorova A, Schellenberg R, Hofmann HC, Dimpfel W (1998) Effect of the external nasal dilator Breathe Right on snoring. Eur J Med Res 3:367\u2013379","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"979_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3109\/00016480902934211","volume":"130","author":"E Hultcrantz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hultcrantz E, Harder L, Harder H, Zetterlund EL, Roberg K (2010) To treat snoring with nasal steroids\u2014effects on more than one level? Acta Otolaryngol 130:124\u2013131","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26430","volume":"2","author":"A Larrain","year":"2006","unstructured":"Larrain A, Hudson M, Dominitz JA, Pope CE 2nd (2006) Treatment of severe snoring with a combination of pseudoephedrine sulfate and domperidone. J Clin Sleep Med 2:21\u201325","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"979_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.1.14","volume":"104","author":"F S\u00e9ri\u00e8s","year":"1993","unstructured":"S\u00e9ri\u00e8s F, Marc I (1993) Effects of protriptyline on snoring characteristics. Chest 104:14\u201318","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"979_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1159\/000055762","volume":"63","author":"J Ulfberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ulfberg J, Nystr\u00f6m B (2001) Treatment of snorers with a volatile oil: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 63:298\u2013301","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"979_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.05.024","volume":"131","author":"RC Wijewickrama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wijewickrama RC, Blalock D, Mims JW (2004) Study of lubricant-induced changes in chronic snorers (SLICCS). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131:606\u2013609","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11020447","volume":"11","author":"JR Stradling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stradling JR, Negus TW, Smith D, Langford B (1998) Mandibular advancement devices for the control of snoring. Eur Respir J 11:447\u2013450","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"979_CR70","first-page":"289","volume":"115","author":"A Neill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neill A, Whyman R, Bannan S, Jeffrey O, Campbell A (2002) Mandibular advancement splint improves indices of obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring but side effects are common. N Z Med J 115:289\u2013292","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"979_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1179\/146531204225020409","volume":"31","author":"AM Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith AM, Battagel JM (2004) Non-apneic snoring and the orthodontist: the effectiveness of mandibular advancement splints. J Orthod 31:115\u2013123","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"979_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.125993","volume":"122","author":"AM Fransson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fransson AM, Tegelberg A, Svenson BA, Lennartsson B, Isacsson G (2002) Influence of mandibular protruding device on airway passages and dentofacial characteristics in obstructive sleep apnea and snoring. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 122:371\u2013379","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"979_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.2.240","volume":"29","author":"CA Kushida","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kushida CA, Morgenthaler TI, Littner MR, Alessi CA, Bailey D, Coleman J Jr, Friedman L, Hirshkowitz M, Kapen S, Kramer M, Lee-Chiong T, Owens J, Pancer JP (2006) Practice parameters for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with oral appliances: an update for 2005. Sleep 29:240\u2013243","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"979_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji122","volume":"28","author":"ME Cooke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooke ME, Battagel JM (2006) A thermoplastic mandibular advancement device for the management of non-apnoeic snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 28:327\u2013338","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"979_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.2.127","volume":"23","author":"CD Johnston","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnston CD, Gleadhill IC, Cinnamond MJ, Peden WM (2001) Oral appliances for the management of severe snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 23:127\u2013134","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"979_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480310015984","volume":"124","author":"OM Vanderveken","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vanderveken OM, Boudewyns AN, Braem MJ, Okkerse W, Verbraecken JA, Willemen M, Wuyts FL, De Backer WA, Van de Heyning PH (2004) Pilot study of a novel mandibular advancement device for the control of snoring. Acta Otolaryngol 124:628\u2013633","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"Spec Iss A","key":"979_CR77","first-page":"115773","volume":"88","author":"M Braem","year":"2009","unstructured":"Braem M, Keteleer G, Vanderveken O, Van De Heyning PJ (2009) In-vitro retention of mandibular advancement devices. J Dent Res 88(Spec Iss A):115773","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"979_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00099710","volume":"37","author":"WJ Randerath","year":"2011","unstructured":"Randerath WJ, Verbraecken J, Andreas S, Bettega G, Boudewyns A, Hamans E, Jalbert F, Paoli JR, Sanner B, Smith I, Stuck BA, Lacassagne L, Marklund M, Maurer JT, Pepin JL, Valipour A, Verse T, Fietze I, Task Force Report ERS (2011) Non-CPAP therapies in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 37:1000\u20131028","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"979_CR79","unstructured":"Scherr S, Dort L, Almeida F, Bennet K, Blumenstock N, Demko G, Essick G, Katz SG, McLoman P, Phillips KS, Prehn RS, Rogers RR, Schell T, Sheats RD, Sreshta FP. Consensus statement accepted by the Board of the American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine (2014). Definition of effective oral appliance. Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine (in press)"},{"key":"979_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-007-0116-z","volume":"11","author":"S Schwarting","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schwarting S, H\u00fcbers U, Heise M, Schlieper J, Hauschild A (2007) Position paper on the use of mandibular advancement devices in adults with sleep-related breathing disorders. A position paper of the German Society of Dental Sleep Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft Zahnaerztliche Schlafmedizin, DGZS). Sleep Breath 11:125\u2013126","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"979_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31819b97ef","volume":"20","author":"F Tosun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tosun F, Kemikli K, Yetkin S, Ozgen F, Durmaz A, Gerek M (2009) Impact of endoscopic sinus surgery on sleep quality in patients with chronic nasal obstruction due to nasal polyposis. J Craniofac Surg 20:446\u2013449","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"979_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.115400","volume":"124","author":"SE Brietzke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brietzke SE, Mair EA (2001) Injection snoreplasty: how to treat snoring without all the pain and expense. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 124:503\u2013510","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.4.412","volume":"127","author":"G Berger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berger G, Finkelstein Y, Stein G, Ophir D (2001) Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring: medium- to long-term subjective and objective analysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:412\u2013417","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510600209X","volume":"120","author":"T Iyngkaran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iyngkaran T, Kanagalingam J, Rajeswaran R, Georgalas C, Kotecha B (2006) Long-term outcomes of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty in 168 patients with snoring. J Laryngol Otol 120:932\u2013938","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"979_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-0979-7","volume":"267","author":"E Hultcrantz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hultcrantz E, Harder L, Loord H, K\u00e4ll LG, Ydreborg K, Wallberg S, Svanborg E (2010) Long-term effects of radiofrequency ablation of the soft palate on snoring. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 267:137\u2013142","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215001906697","volume":"114","author":"LA Hicklin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hicklin LA, Tostevin P, Dasan S (2000) Retrospective survey of long-term results and patient satisfaction with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for snoring. J Laryngol Otol 114:675\u2013681","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"979_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199409000-00017","volume":"104","author":"BC Levin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Levin BC, Becker GD (1994) Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for snoring: long-term results. Laryngoscope 104:1150\u20131152","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"979_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.7.847","volume":"28","author":"BA Stuck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stuck BA, Sauter A, H\u00f6rmann K, Verse T, Maurer JT (2005) Radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate in the treatment of snoring. A placebo-controlled trial. Sleep 28:847\u2013850","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"979_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480310001385","volume":"123","author":"BA Stuck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stuck BA, Starzak K, Verse T, H\u00f6rmann K, Maurer JT (2003) Complications of temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction for sleep-disordered breathing. Acta Otolaryngol 123:532\u2013535","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0709-6","volume":"266","author":"A Baisch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baisch A, Maurer JT, H\u00f6rmann K, Stuck BA (2009) Combined radiofrequency assisted uvulopalatoplasty (RF-UPP) in the treatment of snoring. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 266:125\u2013130","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2011.615065","volume":"131","author":"KW Skj\u00f6stad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Skj\u00f6stad KW, Nordgard S (2011) Three-year follow-up of palatal implants for the treatment of snoring. Acta Otolaryngol 131:1299\u20131302","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"979_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.07.027","volume":"133","author":"JT Maurer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maurer JT, Hein G, Verse T, H\u00f6rmann K, Stuck BA (2005) Long-term results of palatal implants for primary snoring. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 133:573\u2013578","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"979_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-006-0080-z","volume":"11","author":"S Welt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Welt S, Maurer JT, H\u00f6rmann K, Stuck BA (2007) Radiofrequency surgery of the tongue base in the treatment of snoring\u2014a pilot study. Sleep Breath 11:39\u201343","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-014-0979-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-014-0979-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-014-0979-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T18:06:58Z","timestamp":1597687618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-014-0979-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,13]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-014-0979-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,13]]}}}