{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:42:13Z","timestamp":1792622533149,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01986-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:03:52Z","timestamp":1576195432000},"page":"771-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Effect of diurnal fasting on sleep during Ramadan: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo\u2019ez Al-Islam E.","family":"Faris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitham A.","family":"Jahrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema A.","family":"Alhayki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor A.","family":"Alkhawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameera M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaima H.","family":"Aljeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israa H.","family":"Abdulghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"BaHammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1986_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2015.02.018","volume":"115","author":"RE Patterson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patterson RE, Laughlin GA, LaCroix A, Hartman SJ, Natarajan L, Senger CM, Mart\u00ednez ME, Villase\u00f1or A, Sears DD, Marinac CR, Gallo LC (2015) Intermittent fasting and human metabolic health. J Acad Nutr Diet 115(8):1203\u20131212","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"1986_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-57","volume":"9","author":"JF Trepanowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trepanowski JF, Bloomer RJ (2010) The impact of religious fasting on human health. Nutr J 9:57\u201357","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1986_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.06.021","volume":"32","author":"MA Faris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Faris MA, Kacimi S, al-Kurd RA, Fararjeh MA, Bustanji YK, Mohammad MK, Salem ML (2012) Intermittent fasting during Ramadan attenuates proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in healthy subjects. Nutr Res 32(12):947\u2013955","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"1986_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkandari, J.R., et al., The implications of Ramadan fasting for human health and well-being. J Sports Sci, 2012. 30(sup1): p. S9-S19","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.698298"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1986_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.26719\/2003.9.1-2.131","volume":"9","author":"M Gharbi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gharbi M, Akrout M, Zouari B (2003) Food intake during and outside Ramadan. East Mediterr Health J 9(1\u20132):131\u2013140 2003","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"1986_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faris M et al (2019) Effect of Ramadan diurnal fasting on visceral adiposity and serum adipokines in overweight and obese individuals. Diabetes Res Clin Pract","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.05.023"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.04.001","volume":"4","author":"TD Hill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill TD, Deangelis R, Ellison CG (2018) Religious involvement as a social determinant of sleep: an initial review and conceptual model. Sleep Health 4(4):325\u2013330","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"1986_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S34630","volume":"4","author":"AS Bahammam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bahammam AS, Gozal D (2012) Qur'anic insights into sleep. Nat Sci Sleep 4:81\u201387","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"1986_CR9","first-page":"64","volume":"3","author":"RR Auger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Auger RR (2006) Sleep-related eating disorders. Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township)) 3(11):64\u201370","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township))"},{"issue":"3","key":"1986_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1473-x","volume":"21","author":"SO Qasrawi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qasrawi SO, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS (2017) The effect of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on sleep, sleepiness, cognitive function, and circadian rhythm. Sleep Breath 21(3):577\u2013586","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000081076","volume":"48","author":"R Roky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roky R, Houti I, Moussamih S, Qotbi S, Aadil N (2004) Physiological and chronobiological changes during Ramadan intermittent fasting. Ann Nutr Metab 48(4):296\u2013303","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"1986_CR12","first-page":"S6","volume":"65","author":"SA Meo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meo SA, Hassan A (2015) Physiological changes during fasting in Ramadan. J Pak Med Assoc 65(5 Suppl 1):S6\u2013S14","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"1986_CR13","first-page":"987","volume":"19","author":"MH Rouhani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rouhani MH, Azadbakht L (2014) Is Ramadan fasting related to health outcomes? A review on the related evidence. J Res Med Sci 19(10):987\u2013992","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1159\/000295848","volume":"56","author":"F Azizi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Azizi F (2010) Islamic fasting and health. Ann Nutr Metab 56(4):273\u2013282","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.774270","volume":"29","author":"I Salim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salim I, al Suwaidi J, Ghadban W, Alkilani H, Salam AM (2013) Impact of religious Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Med Res Opin 29(4):343\u2013354","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"1986_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faris MAE, Jahrami HA, Obaideen AA, Madkour MI (2019) Impact of diurnal intermittent fasting during Ramadan on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in healthy people: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Intermed Metab 15:18\u201326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnim.2018.11.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"1986_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-013-9687-0","volume":"53","author":"S Kul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kul S, Sava\u015f E, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk ZA, Karada\u011f G (2014) Does Ramadan fasting alter body weight and blood lipids and fasting blood glucose in a healthy population? A meta-analysis. J Relig Health 53(3):929\u2013942","journal-title":"J Relig Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1986_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012005046","volume":"17","author":"B Sadeghirad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sadeghirad B, Motaghipisheh S, Kolahdooz F, Zahedi MJ, Haghdoost AA (2014) Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 17(2):396\u2013406","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"1986_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SWH, et al. 2016 Strategies to make Ramadan fasting safer in type 2 diabetics: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Medicine, 95(2)","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002457"},{"issue":"7","key":"1986_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12462","volume":"17","author":"LJ Gray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gray LJ, Dales J, Brady EM, Khunti K, Hanif W, Davies MJ (2015) Safety and effectiveness of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents in the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes who observe Ramadan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 17(7):639\u2013648","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1986_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.181006","volume":"23","author":"TC Turin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turin TC, Ahmed S, Shommu NS, Afzal AR, al Mamun M, Qasqas M, Rumana N, Vaska M, Berka N (2016) Ramadan fasting is not usually associated with the risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Fam Community Med 23(2):73\u201381","journal-title":"J Fam Community Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1986_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020478","volume":"11","author":"HA Fernando","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernando HA et al (2019) Effect of Ramadan fasting on weight and body composition in healthy non-athlete adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 11(2):478","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1986_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirmiran P, et al. 2019 Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on lipid and lipoproteins parameters: an updated meta-analysis. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.05.056"},{"key":"1986_CR24","unstructured":"Faris MAIE et al (2019) Impact of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on metabolic syndrome components in healthy, non-athletic Muslim people aged over 15 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr:1\u201351"},{"issue":"12","key":"1986_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2005.00811.x","volume":"60","author":"A Bahammam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bahammam A (2006) Does Ramadan fasting affect sleep? Int J Clin Pract 60(12):1631\u20131637","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"1986_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 14(6):540\u2013545","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 151(4):264\u2013269","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1986_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2756","volume":"9","author":"MM Fung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fung MM, Peters K, Ancoli-Israel S, Redline S, Stone KL, Barrett-Connor E, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group (2013) Total sleep time and other sleep characteristics measured by actigraphy do not predict incident hypertension in a cohort of community-dwelling older men. J Clin Sleep Med 9(6):585\u2013591","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"1986_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leger D et al (2012) Total sleep time severely drops during adolescence. 7(10):e45204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045204"},{"issue":"1","key":"1986_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-9-32","volume":"9","author":"AS BaHammam","year":"2013","unstructured":"BaHammam AS et al (2013) Objective assessment of drowsiness and reaction time during intermittent Ramadan fasting in young men: a case-crossover study. Behav Brain Funct 9(1):32","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"1986_CR31","unstructured":"Johns M 2019 The official website of the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and the Epworth sleepiness scale for children and adolescents (ESS-CHAD); Available from: https:\/\/epworthsleepinessscale.com\/about-the-ess\/"},{"key":"1986_CR32","unstructured":"Borenstein M, et al. 2005 Comprehensive Metaanalysis (Vers. 2). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Biostat, Inc."},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2012.01761.x","volume":"68","author":"H Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen H, Manning AK, Dupuis J (2012) A method of moments estimator for random effect multivariate meta-analysis. Biometrics 68(4):1278\u20131284","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"449","key":"1986_CR34","first-page":"89","volume":"95","author":"S Duval","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duval S, Tweedie R (2000) A nonparametric \u201ctrim and fill\u201d method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis. J Am Stat Assoc 95(449):89\u201398","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2001.00269.x","volume":"10","author":"R Roky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roky R, Chapotot F, Hakkou F, Benchekroun MT, Buguet A (2001) Sleep during Ramadan intermittent fasting. J Sleep Res 10(4):319\u2013327","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"1986_CR36","first-page":"165","volume":"5","author":"A BaHammam","year":"2003","unstructured":"BaHammam A (2003) Sleep pattern, daytime sleepiness, and eating habits during the month of Ramadan. Sleep Hypnosis 5:165\u2013174","journal-title":"Sleep Hypnosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1986_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2004.00135.x","volume":"2","author":"A Bahammam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bahammam A (2004) Effect of fasting during Ramadan on sleep architecture, daytime sleepiness and sleep pattern. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2(2):135\u2013143","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"issue":"2","key":"1986_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328015tlm1602_5","volume":"16","author":"SA Margolis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Margolis SA, Reed RL (2004) Effect of religious practices of Ramadan on sleep and perceived sleepiness of medical students. Teach Learn Med 16(2):145\u2013149","journal-title":"Teach Learn Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR39","first-page":"616","volume":"26","author":"A BaHammam","year":"2005","unstructured":"BaHammam A (2005) Assessment of sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype during Ramadan in fasting and nonfasting individuals. Saudi Med J 26(4):616\u2013622","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1986_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032037","volume":"41","author":"Y Zerguini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zerguini Y, Kirkendall D, Junge A, Dvorak J (2007) Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players. Br J Sports Med 41(6):398\u2013400","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR41","first-page":"490","volume":"6","author":"U Karli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karli U, Guvenc A, Aslan A, Hazir T, Acikada C (2007) Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise. J Sports Sci Med 6(4):490\u2013497","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1986_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0633-2","volume":"102","author":"Y Meckel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meckel Y, Ismaeel A, Eliakim A (2008) The effect of the Ramadan fast on physical performance and dietary habits in adolescent soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol 102(6):651\u2013657","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"S3","key":"1986_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802538176","volume":"26","author":"JB Leiper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leiper JB et al (2008) Alteration of subjective feelings in football players undertaking their usual training and match schedule during the Ramadan fast. J Sports Sci 26(S3):S55\u2013S69","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1986_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1139\/H09-014","volume":"34","author":"M Chennaoui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chennaoui M et al (2009) Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in middle-distance runners. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 34(4):587\u2013594","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1986_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/09291010903015996","volume":"40","author":"D Wilson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilson D, Drust B, Reilly T (2009) Is diurnal lifestyle altered during Ramadan in professional Muslim athletes? Biol Rhythm Res 40(5):385\u2013397","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1986_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2010.01.011","volume":"54","author":"A BaHammam","year":"2010","unstructured":"BaHammam A et al (2010) Circadian pattern of sleep, energy expenditure, and body temperature of young healthy men during the intermittent fasting of Ramadan. Appetite 54(2):426\u2013429","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"3","key":"1986_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34753","volume":"2","author":"H-H Tian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tian H-H, Aziz AR, Png W, Wahid MF, Yeo D, Constance Png AL (2011) Effects of fasting during Ramadan month on cognitive function in Muslim athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2(3):145\u2013153","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"1986_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.676666","volume":"30","author":"CP Herrera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Herrera CP (2012) Total sleep time in Muslim football players is reduced during Ramadan: a pilot study on the standardized assessment of subjective sleep\u2013wake patterns in athletes. J Sports Sci 30(sup1):S85\u2013S91","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"1986_CR49","unstructured":"Haouari-Oukerro, F., et al. 2013 Ramadan fasting influences on food intake consumption, sleep schedule, body weight and some plasma parameters in healthy fasting volunteers. Afr J Biotechnol, 12(21)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1986_CR50","first-page":"127","volume":"18","author":"AS BaHammam","year":"2013","unstructured":"BaHammam AS et al (2013) The effects of Ramadan fasting on sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness: an objective assessment. J Res Med Sci 18(2):127\u2013131","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"1986_CR51","unstructured":"Saiyad, S., et al. 2014 Effect of Ramadan fasting on anthropological and physiological parameters. NHL J Med Sci, 3(1)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1986_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2015.02.012","volume":"115","author":"A Farooq","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farooq A, Herrera CP, Almudahka F, Mansour R (2015) A prospective study of the physiological and neurobehavioral effects of Ramadan fasting in preteen and teenage boys. J Acad Nutr Diet 115(6):889\u2013897","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1986_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_15_17","volume":"12","author":"AS Almeneessier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almeneessier AS, Bahammam AS, Sharif MM, Bahammam SA, Nashwan SZ, Pandi Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Alzoghaibi M (2017) The influence of intermittent fasting on the circadian pattern of melatonin while controlling for caloric intake, energy expenditure, light exposure, and sleep schedules: a preliminary report. Ann Thor Med 12(3):183\u2013190","journal-title":"Ann Thor Med"},{"key":"1986_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.12.030","volume":"111","author":"B Nugraha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nugraha B, Ghashang SK, Hamdan I, Gutenbrunner C (2017) Effect of Ramadan fasting on fatigue, mood, sleepiness, and health-related quality of life of healthy young men in summer time in Germany: a prospective controlled study. Appetite 111:38\u201345","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"1","key":"1986_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_181_17","volume":"13","author":"AS Almeneessier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almeneessier AS, Alzoghaibi M, BaHammam A, Ibrahim MG, Olaish AH, Nashwan SZ, BaHammam A (2018) The effects of diurnal intermittent fasting on the wake-promoting neurotransmitter orexin-a. Ann Thor Med 13(1):48\u201354","journal-title":"Ann Thor Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1986_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217851","volume":"14","author":"H Hsouna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Chtourou L, Tahri N, Engel FA, Shephard RJ, Chtourou H (2019) Short-term maximal performance, alertness, dietary intake, sleep pattern and mood states of physically active young men before, during and after Ramadan observance. PLoS One 14(6):e0217851","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"1986_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7050118","volume":"7","author":"O Boukhris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boukhris O et al (2019) Sleep patterns, alertness, dietary intake, muscle soreness, fatigue, and mental stress recorded before, during and after Ramadan observance. Sports 7(5):118","journal-title":"Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"1986_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002139","volume":"108","author":"FR Cagampang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cagampang FR, Bruce KD (2012) The role of the circadian clock system in nutrition and metabolism. Br J Nutr 108(3):381\u2013392","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"1986_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S165637","volume":"10","author":"AS Almeneessier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almeneessier AS, BaHammam AS (2018) How does diurnal intermittent fasting impact sleep, daytime sleepiness, and markers of the biological clock? Current insights. Nat Sci Sleep 10:439\u2013452","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"1986_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v9.i11.190","volume":"9","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakajima K (2018) Unhealthy eating habits around sleep and sleep duration: to eat or fast? World J Diabetes 9(11):190\u2013194","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"1986_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahammam A 2004 Effect of fasting during Ramadan on sleep architecture, daytime sleepiness and sleep pattern. Sleep Biol Rhythm, 2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2004.00135.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"1986_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12076","volume":"23","author":"AS Bahammam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bahammam AS, Almushailhi K, Pandi-Perumal SR, Sharif MM (2014) Intermittent fasting during Ramadan: does it affect sleep? J Sleep Res 23(1):35\u201343","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"1986_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)00966-3","volume":"68","author":"A Bogdan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bogdan A, Bouchareb B, Touitou Y (2001) Ramadan fasting alters endocrine and neuroendocrine circadian patterns. Meal\u2013time as a synchronizer in humans? Life Sci 68(14):1607\u20131615","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1986_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.01.001","volume":"85","author":"JC Levenson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levenson JC, Shensa A, Sidani JE, Colditz JB, Primack BA (2016) The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults. Prev Med 85:36\u201341","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1986_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.012336","volume":"7","author":"MP St-Onge","year":"2016","unstructured":"St-Onge MP, Mikic A, Pietrolungo CE (2016) Effects of diet on sleep quality. Adv Nutr 7(5):938\u2013949","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1986_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000569","volume":"36","author":"AS Almeneessier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almeneessier AS, BaHammam A, Olaish AH, Pandi-Perumal SR, Manzar MD, BaHammam A (2019) Effects of diurnal intermittent fasting on daytime sleepiness reflected by EEG absolute power. J Clin Neurophysiol 36(3):213\u2013219","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1986_CR67","first-page":"567","volume":"54","author":"MB Taoudi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taoudi MB et al (1999) Epidemiological study: chronotype and daytime sleepiness before and during Ramadan. Therapie 54(5):567\u2013572","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"1986_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-84","volume":"10","author":"BA Bakhotmah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bakhotmah BA (2011) The puzzle of self-reported weight gain in a month of fasting (Ramadan) among a cohort of Saudi families in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia. Nutr J 10:84\u201384","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"1986_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-81082009000300006","volume":"31","author":"F Bernardi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bernardi F et al (2009) Transtornos alimentares e padr\u00e3o circadiano alimentar: uma revis\u00e3o. Rev Psiquiatr Rio Grande Sul 31:170\u2013176","journal-title":"Rev Psiquiatr Rio Grande Sul"},{"key":"1986_CR70","unstructured":"Almeneessier AS, BaHammam AS (2019) Sleep medicine and sleep disorders in Saudi Arabia and the Arab world. Handb Healthcare Arab World:1\u201316"},{"issue":"3","key":"1986_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-018-0124-5","volume":"4","author":"AS Almeneessier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almeneessier AS, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS (2018) Intermittent fasting, insufficient sleep, and circadian rhythm: interaction and effects on the cardiometabolic system. Curr Sleep Med Rep 4(3):179\u2013195","journal-title":"Curr Sleep Med Rep"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-019-01986-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-019-01986-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-019-01986-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T10:34:02Z","timestamp":1665225242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-019-01986-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-019-01986-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights and informed consent"}}]}}