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The inclusion criteria were met by eleven articles which were\u00a0included in the review. The inclusion criteria set were healthy adult males, a minimum of two timepoints including\u00a0morning and evening, cognitive measures of performance, and peer-reviewed academic paper.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was established that cognitive performance varies with TOD and the degree of difference is highly\u00a0dependent on the type of cognitive task with differences ranging from 9.0 to 34.2% for reaction time, 7.3% for\u00a0alertness, and 7.8 to 40.3% for attention. The type of cognitive function was a determining factor as to whether the\u00a0performance was better in the morning, evening, or afternoon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although some studies did not establish TOD differences, reaction time and levels of accuracy\u00a0were highest in the evening. This implies that cognitive processes are complex, and existing research is\u00a0contradictory. Some studies or cognitive variables did not show any measurable TOD effects, which may be due to\u00a0differences in methodology, subjects involved, testing protocols, and confounding factors. No studies met all\u00a0requirements related to chronobiological research, highlighting the issues around methodology. Therefore, future\u00a0research must use a rigorous, approach, minimizing confounding factors that are specific to examinations\u00a0of TOD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-023-02895-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T08:02:01Z","timestamp":1692259321000},"page":"495-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Diurnal variation in variables related to cognitive performance: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7796-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhavi","family":"Munnilari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8077-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulasiram","family":"Bommasamudram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2979-0520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy","family":"Easow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Tod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7375-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evdokia","family":"Varamenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8913-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Ravindrakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Pullinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2895_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-200041039","volume":"22","author":"B Drust","year":"2005","unstructured":"Drust B, Waterhouse J, Atkinson G et al (2005) Circadian rhythms in sports performance - an update. 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