{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:06:17Z","timestamp":1780610777548,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This investigation seeks to examine the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and the prevalence of sleep disorders, additionally elucidating the causal relationship via Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This research employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011\u20132016, focusing on adults aged 20\u201350\u00a0years reporting sleep disorders. The research encompassed 4913 American adults. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models and cubic spline analyses were utilized to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and the incidence of sleep disorders. Additionally, a two-sample Mendelian Randomization analysis was performed to evaluate the potential causal link between serum vitamin D concentrations and the risk of sleep disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Within the 2011\u20132016 NHANES cohort of the U.S. population, a notable inverse association was detected between serum vitamin D concentrations and sleep disorders (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20093.81, 95% CI:\u2009\u2212\u20096.10 to\u2009\u2212\u20091.52, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). After multivariate adjustments, a higher incidence of sleep disorders was associated with lower vitamin D Concentrations (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10\u20132.10, trend <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). Restricted cubic spline regression analysis indicated a linear association between serum vitamin D concentrations and sleep disorders(non-linearity <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Lastly, the two-sample MR analysis yielded evidence supporting a potential causal connection between serum vitamin D concentrations and sleep disorders, with each unit increase in genetically predicted serum vitamin D reducing the odds ratio to 0.78 (95% CI 0.61\u20130.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These results imply that lower vitamin D concentrations in the population might correlate with a heightened risk of sleep disorders, suggesting the importance of considering vitamin D supplementation when treating sleep disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03031-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:02:21Z","timestamp":1715583741000},"page":"1679-1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Serum vitamin D concentrations and sleep disorders: insights from NHANES 2011\u20132016 and Mendelian Randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Junjie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongfang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10620","volume":"199","author":"DR Hillman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hillman DR, Lack LC (2013) Public health implications of sleep loss: the community burden. Med J Aust 199:S7-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja13.10620","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"3031_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjafield AV et al (2019) Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir Med 7:687\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"3031_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO (2009) Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep 32(4):491\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/32.4.491","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.4.491"},{"issue":"99","key":"3031_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00660.2005","volume":"1985","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, Tasali E, Van Cauter E (2005) Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol 1985(99):2008\u20132019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00660.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3031_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabanayagam C, Shankar A (2010) Sleep duration and cardiovascular disease: results from the National Health Interview Survey. Sleep 33(8):1037\u20131042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/33.8.1037","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.8.1037"},{"key":"3031_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.07.006","volume":"14","author":"MA Grandner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grandner MA, Hale L, Moore M, Patel NP (2010) Mortality associated with short sleep duration: the evidence, the possible mechanisms, and the future. Sleep Med Rev 14:191\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.07.006","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3031_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hillman DR, Murphy AS, Pezzullo L (2006) The economic cost of sleep disorders. Sleep 29(3):299\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/29.3.299","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.3.299"},{"key":"3031_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giustina A et al (2020) Consensus statement from 2nd International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D 21:89\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-019-09532-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09532-w"},{"key":"3031_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.05.011","volume":"88","author":"A Hossein-nezhad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hossein-nezhad A, Holick MF (2013) Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc 88:720\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.05.011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"3031_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao Q et al (2018) The Association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10101395","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101395"},{"key":"3031_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holick MF (2007) Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 357:266\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra070553","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"3031_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holick MF, Chen TC (2008) Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr 87:1080S\u20131086S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.1080S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.1080S"},{"key":"3031_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCarty DE, Chesson Jr AL, Jain SK, Marino AA (2014) The link between vitamin D metabolism and sleep medicine. Sleep Med Rev 18:311\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.07.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.07.001"},{"key":"3031_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1317395","volume":"21","author":"MS Majid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Majid MS, Ahmad HS, Bizhan H, Hosein HZM, Mohammad A (2018) The effect of vitamin D supplement on the score and quality of sleep in 20\u201350 year-old people with sleep disorders compared with control group. Nutr Neurosci 21:511\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1317395","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"3031_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gunduz S et al (2016) Sleep deprivation in the last trimester of pregnancy and inadequate vitamin D: Is there a relationship? 79:34\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcma.2015.06.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2015.06.017"},{"key":"3031_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muntner P et al (2020) Trends in blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension, 1999\u20132000 to 2017\u20132018. 324:1190\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.14545","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14545"},{"key":"3031_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chobanian AV et al (2003) Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. 42:1206\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2"},{"key":"3031_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Didelez V Sheehan N (2007) Mendelian randomization as an instrumental variable approach to causal inference. Stat Methods Med Res 16:309\u2013330.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280206077743","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206077743"},{"key":"3031_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sekula P, Fabiola Del Greco M, Pattaro C, K\u00f6ttgen A (2016) Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data. J Am Soc Nephro 27:3253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016010098","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010098"},{"key":"3031_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Myers TA, Chanock SJ, Machiela MJ (2020) LDlinkR: an R package for rapidly calculating linkage disequilibrium statistics in diverse populations. Front Genet 11:157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2020.00157","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00157"},{"key":"3031_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Machiela MJ, Chanock, SJ (2015) LDlink: a web-based application for exploring population-specific haplotype structure and linking correlated alleles of possible functional variants. Bioinformatics 31:3555\u20133557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv402","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv402"},{"key":"3031_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KS Vimaleswaran et al (2013) Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts 10:e1001383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001383"},{"key":"3031_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B Do R (2018) Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nature Genetics 50:693\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7"},{"key":"3031_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prono F, Bernardi K, Ferri R, Bruni O (2022) The role of vitamin D in sleep disorders of children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 23.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031430","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031430"},{"key":"3031_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5696","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1867","volume":"8","author":"S Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan S et al (2020) A meta-analysis: does vitamin D play a promising role in sleep disorders? Food Sci Nutr 8:5696\u20135709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.1867","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"3031_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40557-017-0187-7","volume":"29","author":"YS Jung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jung YS et al (2017) The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 29:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40557-017-0187-7","journal-title":"Ann Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"3031_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang W, Shah S, Long Q, Crankshaw AK, Tangpricha V (2013) Improvement of pain, sleep, and quality of life in chronic pain patients with vitamin D supplementation. Clin J Pain 29:341\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318255655d","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318255655d"},{"key":"3031_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCarty DE, Reddy A, Keigley Q Kim PY, Marino A (2012) Vitamin D race and excessive daytime sleepiness. 8:693\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.2266","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2266"},{"key":"3031_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.07.001","volume":"18","author":"DE McCarty","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCarty DE, Chesson AL Jr, Jain SK, Marino AA (2014) The link between vitamin D metabolism and sleep medicine. Sleep Med Rev 18:311\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.07.001","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3031_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2007.aug.S113-S115","volume":"65","author":"D Feldman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feldman D et al (2007) Vitamin D inhibition of the prostaglandin pathway as therapy for prostate cancer. Nutr Rev 65:113\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1301\/nr.2007.aug.S113-S115","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"3031_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03448.x","volume":"71","author":"P Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee P, Greenfield JR, Campbell LV (2009) Vitamin D insufficiency\u2013a novel mechanism of statin-induced myalgia? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71:154\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03448.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"3031_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.07.007","volume":"9","author":"K Okura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Okura K et al (2008) Comparison of sleep variables between chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, insomnia, periodic leg movements syndrome and control subjects in a clinical sleep medicine practice. Sleep Med 9:352\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.07.007","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3031_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R Balden A Selvamani FJE Sohrabji (2012) Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates experimental stroke injury and dysregulates ischemia-induced inflammation in adult rats 153:2420-2435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2011-1783","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1783"},{"key":"3031_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zakon HH (1998) The effects of steroid hormones on electrical activity of excitable cells. Trends Neurosci 21:202\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0166-2236(97)01209-5","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-2236(97)01209-5"},{"key":"3031_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stumpf W, O\u2019Brien L (1987) 1, 25 (OH) 2 vitamin D3 sites of action in the brain: an autoradiographic study. Histochemistry 87:393\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00496810","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00496810"},{"key":"3031_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eshaghi S et al (2020) The effect of aerobic training and vitamin D supplements on the neurocognitive functions of elderly women with sleep disorders 51:727-734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09291016.2019.1579884","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2019.1579884"},{"key":"3031_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MJN Abboud (2022) Vitamin D supplementation and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies 14:1076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14051076","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051076"},{"key":"3031_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MJJN Thorpy (2012) Classification of sleep disorders 9:687-701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-012-0145-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0145-6"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-024-03031-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-024-03031-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-024-03031-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T11:30:46Z","timestamp":1722943846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-024-03031-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-024-03031-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}