{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:46:47Z","timestamp":1785545207720,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat moderate to severe central sleep apnea. We report here, results of a retrospective study regarding our institutional outcomes at one year. In this study we evaluated the change in the apnea hypopnea index, epworth sleepiness score, and functional outcomes of sleep score at one year post implant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a retrospective analysis of patients\u2009\u2265\u200918 years of age who had PNS implanted for moderate to severe CSA at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center apnea between Feb 1, 2018 to July 1, 2021. Sleep disordered breathing parameters and objective sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores, and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) scores were assessed at baseline and one-year post-implant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty-two patients were implanted with PNS at OSU between February 1, 2018 and May, 31, 2022. The AHI showed a statistically significant decrease from a median of 40 events\/hour at baseline to 18 at follow-up (p-value\u2009=\u20090.003). The CAI decreased from 16 events\/hour to 2 events\/hour (p-value of 0.001). The obstructive apnea index, mixed apnea index, and hypopnea index did not significantly change. The ESS scores had a statistically significant improvement from a median score of 12 to 9 (p-value\u2009=\u20090.028). While the FOSQ showed a trend to improvement from 15.0 to 17.8, it was not statistically significant (p-value of 0.086).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study found that PNS therapy for moderate to severe CSA improves overall AHI and CAI. Objective sleepiness as measured by the ESS also improved at one-year post implant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03125-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T17:25:02Z","timestamp":1722446702000},"page":"2089-2094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phrenic nerve stimulation for central sleep apnea: a single institution experience"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Mease","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Augostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McKane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meena","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3125_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eckert DJ, Jordan AS, Merchia P, Malhotra A (2007) Central sleep apnea: Pathophysiology and treatment. Chest 131(2):595\u2013607, Feb https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.06.2287","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06.2287"},{"key":"3125_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lanfranchi PA, Somers VK, Braghiroli A, Corra U, Eleuteri E, Giannuzzi P Central sleep apnea in left ventricular dysfunction: prevalence and implications for arrhythmic risk. Circulation 107(5):727\u201332. Feb 11 2003, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.0000049641.11675.ee","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000049641.11675.ee"},{"key":"3125_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Javaheri S et al (1998) Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations. Circulation 97(21):2154\u20139. Jun 2 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.97.21.2154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.97.21.2154"},{"key":"3125_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Javaheri S et al (Mar 1 2016) Sleep-disordered breathing and incident heart failure in older men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193(5):561\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201503-0536OC","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0536OC"},{"key":"3125_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grimm W et al Severe central sleep apnea is associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 38(6):706\u201312. Jun 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.12495","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12495"},{"key":"3125_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tung P et al (2017) Obstructive and central sleep apnea and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in a community cohort of men and women. J Am Heart Assoc 6(7). Jul 1 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.116.004500","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004500"},{"key":"3125_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costanzo MR et al (2018) Sustained 12 Month Benefit of Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Central Sleep Apnea. Am J Cardiol 121(11):1400\u20131408. Jun 1 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.02.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.02.022"},{"key":"3125_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S300713","volume":"13","author":"MR Costanzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costanzo MR et al (2021) Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation for treatment of Central Sleep Apnea: five-year safety and efficacy outcomes. Nat Sci Sleep 13:515\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S300713","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"3125_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 14(6):540\u20135. Dec https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"3125_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weaver TE, Menno DM, Bron M, Crosby RD, Morris S, Mathias SD (Sep 2021) Determination of thresholds for minimally important difference and clinically important response on the functional outcomes of sleep questionnaire short version in adults with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 25(3):1707\u20131715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-020-02270-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02270-3"},{"key":"3125_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y et al (Aug 2023) Effect of phrenic nerve stimulation on patients with central sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. 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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (Ohio State University Institutional Review Board.) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This is a retrospective study. For this type of study formal consent is not required. There is no identifying information in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This is in the statement and declarations section for each other. Meena Khan and Julie Mease certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Ralph Augostini receives a speaker honorarium from Zoll Respicardia for implant training. Scott McKane is a statistician employed by Zoll Respicarida.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}