{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:30:02Z","timestamp":1787956202274,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to intermittent cessation or reduction of breathing. Associated symptoms include snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. OSA is linked to a range of comorbidities, primarily cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. However, emerging evidence suggests a broader spectrum of associated health issues. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between OSA comorbidities and demographics as well as modifiable risk factors within a New Orleans patient population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A case\u2013control study encompassing 19,875 patients (313 with OSA, 19,558 without) was conducted. Nominal logistic regression analyzed differences between OSA and non-OSA groups, while prevalence of comorbidities was compared across demographic and modifiable risk factors within each group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings revealed increased odds of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders among OSA patients compared to controls. OSA risk was elevated in males, middle-aged individuals, individuals with body mass index (BMI) greater than 30, and former smokers. Cardiovascular and metabolic conditions were the most prevalent comorbidities in the OSA group, with additional comorbidities including gastrointestinal, respiratory, psychiatric, and renal disorders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results highlight the multifaceted health burden associated with OSA. Comprehensive management strategies addressing both well-established and emerging comorbidities are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03379-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T08:21:47Z","timestamp":1749198107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Demographic and modifiable risk factors impacting obstructive sleep apnea comorbidities: a New Orleans case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajibola B.","family":"Bakare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diandra","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaynab Sidi","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tijani","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9526-7378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3379_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.101929","volume":"75","author":"IJ Biose","year":"2024","unstructured":"Biose IJ, Bakare AB, Wang H, Gressett TE, Bix GJ (2024) Sleep apnea and ischemic stroke- a perspective for translational preclinical modelling. Sleep Med Rev 75:101929","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3379_CR2","first-page":"1311","volume":"7","author":"KA Franklin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franklin KA, Lindberg E (2015) Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population-a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis 7:1311\u20131322","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"3379_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng X, Ren Y, Wu K, Yang Q, Zhang S, Wang D, et al. Association Between Smoking Behavior and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023:364\u201371.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac126"},{"key":"3379_CR4","unstructured":"Medicine AAoS. Hidden Health Crisis Costing America Billions: Underdiagnosing and Undertreating Obstructive Sleep Apnea"},{"key":"3379_CR5","unstructured":"Draining Healthcare System. Frost and Sullivan; 2016."},{"key":"3379_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","volume":"177","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, Palta M, Hagen EW, Hla KM (2013) Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol 177:1006\u20131014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3379_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.227","volume":"138","author":"J-J Sheu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheu J-J, Wu C-S, Lin H-C (2012) Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery 138:55\u201359","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery"},{"key":"3379_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2017.1282167","volume":"49","author":"CL Chiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiang CL, Chen YT, Wang KL, Su VY, Wu LA, Perng DW et al (2017) Comorbidities and risk of mortality in patients with sleep apnea. Ann Med 49:377\u2013383","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"3379_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieto FJ, Young Tb Fau - Lind BK, Lind Bk Fau - Shahar E, Shahar E Fau - Samet JM, Samet Jm Fau - Redline S, Redline S Fau - D'Agostino RB, et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA. 2000;283:1829\u201336.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829"},{"key":"3379_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-019-0172-9","volume":"14","author":"MR Bonsignore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonsignore MR, Baiamonte P, Mazzuca E, Castrogiovanni A, Marrone O (2019) Obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities: a dangerous liaison. Multidiscip Respir Med 14:8","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"3379_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-017-0451-8","volume":"19","author":"L Ferini-Strambi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferini-Strambi L, Lombardi GE, Marelli S, Galbiati A (2017) Neurological Deficits in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Curr Treat Options Neurol 19:16","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"3379_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12011","volume":"43","author":"O Marrone","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marrone O, Lo Bue A, Salvaggio A, Dardanoni G, Insalaco G (2013) Comorbidities and survival in obstructive sleep apnoea beyond the age of 50. Eur J Clin Invest 43:27\u201333","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3379_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61622-0","volume":"373","author":"TD Bradley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bradley TD, Floras JS (2009) Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 373:82\u201393","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3379_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.05.021","volume":"139","author":"M Butt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Butt M, Dwivedi G, Khair O, Lip GY (2010) Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 139:7\u201316","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"3379_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042996","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1042996","volume":"9","author":"Y Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi Y, Ma L, Chen X, Li W, Feng Y, Zhang Y et al (2022) Prediction model of obstructive sleep apnea-related hypertension: Machine learning-based development and interpretation study. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:1042996","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"3379_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033810","volume":"13","author":"C Strenth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strenth C, Wani A, Alla R, Khan S, Schneider FD, Thakur B (2024) Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Cardiac Implications in the United States: An Age-Stratified Analysis Between Young and Older Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 13:e033810","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"3379_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.02.007","volume":"32","author":"MS Shawon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shawon MS, Perret JL, Senaratna CV, Lodge C, Hamilton GS, Dharmage SC (2017) Current evidence on prevalence and clinical outcomes of co-morbid obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 32:58\u201368","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3379_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04446-6","volume":"7","author":"DL Kong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kong DL, Qin Z, Shen H, Jin HY, Wang W, Wang ZF (2017) Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Asthma: A Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 7:4088","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3379_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0828","volume":"133","author":"E Tasali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tasali E, Mokhlesi B, Van Cauter E (2008) Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: interacting epidemics. Chest 133:496\u2013506","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"3379_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.17.2230","volume":"289","author":"PV Tishler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tishler PV, Larkin EK, Schluchter MD, Redline S (2003) Incidence of sleep-disordered breathing in an urban adult population: the relative importance of risk factors in the development of sleep-disordered breathing. JAMA 289:2230\u20132237","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3379_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1586\/17476348.2.3.349","volume":"2","author":"W Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee W, Nagubadi S, Kryger MH, Mokhlesi B (2008) Epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: a Population-based Perspective. Expert Rev Respir Med 2:349\u2013364","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"3379_CR22","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. Adult Obesity Prevalence Maps. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2023."},{"key":"3379_CR23","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. Tobacco - Health Equity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2024."},{"key":"3379_CR24","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. Tobacco Product Use Among Adults\u2014United States, 2022. US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. 2024."},{"key":"3379_CR25","unstructured":"Department NOH. Healthy Lifestyles in New Orleans. Community Health Data Profile. 2013:1\u20138."},{"key":"3379_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283373624","volume":"17","author":"LF Drager","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drager LF, Jun J, Polotsky VY (2010) Obstructive sleep apnea and dyslipidemia: implications for atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 17:161\u2013165","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"136","key":"3379_CR27","first-page":"1516","volume":"2024","author":"B Nokes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nokes B, Orr JE, White S, Luu S, Chen Z, Alex R et al (1985) Effect of obesity on sleep apnea pathogenesis differs in women versus men: multiple mediation analyses in the retrospective SNOOzzzE cohort. J Appl Physiol 2024(136):1516\u20131525","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3379_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baarts RA-O, Jensen MR, Hansen OM, Haddock B, Prescott E, Hovind P, et al. Age- and sex-specific changes in visceral fat mass throughout the life-span. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023;31.","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23779"},{"key":"3379_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Ten Have T, Tyson K, Kales A. Effects of age on sleep apnea in men: I. Prevalence and severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:144\u20138.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.9706079"},{"key":"3379_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.06.012","volume":"121","author":"A Ramezani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramezani A, Azarian M, Sharafkhaneh A, Maghsoudi A, Jones MB, Penzel T et al (2024) Age modifies the association between severe sleep apnea and all-cause mortality. Sleep Med 121:18\u201324","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3379_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00306502","volume":"20","author":"S Marti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marti S, Sampol G, Munoz X, Torres F, Roca A, Lloberes P et al (2002) Mortality in severe sleep apnoea\/hypopnoea syndrome patients: impact of treatment. Eur Respir J 20:1511\u20131518","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3379_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2251","volume":"137","author":"M Kobayashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kobayashi M, Namba K, Tsuiki S, Matsuo A, Sugiura T, Inoue Y (2010) Clinical characteristics in two subgroups of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the elderly: comparison between cases with elderly and middle-age onset. Chest 137:1310\u20131315","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"3379_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S459136","volume":"16","author":"P Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou P, Li L, Lin Z, Ming X, Feng Y, Hu Y et al (2024) Exploring the Shared Genetic Architecture Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Body Mass Index. Nat Sci Sleep 16:711\u2013723","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"3379_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.898072","volume":"13","author":"M Zdravkovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zdravkovic M, Popadic V, Klasnja S, Milic N, Rajovic N, Divac A et al (2022) Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Risk: The Role of Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Obesity. Front Pharmacol 13:898072","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3379_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34260","volume":"118","author":"S Schenk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schenk S, Saberi M, Olefsky JM (2008) Insulin sensitivity: modulation by nutrients and inflammation. J Clin Invest 118:2992\u20133002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3379_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1159-1","volume":"19","author":"Y Varol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Varol Y, Anar C, Tuzel OE, Guclu SZ, Ucar ZZ (2015) The impact of active and former smoking on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 19:1279\u20131284","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"3379_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmaa112","volume":"38","author":"AD Esen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esen AD, Akpinar M (2021) Relevance of obstructive sleep apnea and smoking: Obstructive sleep apnea and smoking. Fam Pract 38:181\u2013186","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"3379_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16352","volume":"7","author":"AJ Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah AJ, Vaccarino V, Goldberg J, Huang M, Ko YA, Ma X et al (2024) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Twins. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2416352","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3379_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)90131-7","volume":"41","author":"B Krakow","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krakow B, Germain A, Tandberg D, Koss M, Schrader R, Hollifield M et al (2000) Sleep breathing and sleep movement disorders masquerading as insomnia in sexual-assault survivors. Compr Psychiatry 41:49\u201356","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3379_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.060","volume":"197","author":"B Stubbs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Veronese N, Solmi M, Gaughran F, Manu P et al (2016) The prevalence and predictors of obstructive sleep apnea in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 197:259\u2013267","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3379_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapsimalis F, Kryger M. Sleep breathing disorders in the U.S. female population. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18:1211\u20139.","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1054"},{"key":"3379_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geovanini GR, Wang R, Weng J, Jenny NS, Shea S, Allison M, et al. Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Variation by Age, Sex, and Race. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018;15:970\u20137.","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201802-121OC"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03379-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03379-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03379-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T13:12:58Z","timestamp":1750165978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03379-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03379-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Tulane Institutional Review Board (2022\u20131783-TCC).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"204"}}