{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:46:29Z","timestamp":1787507189107,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this review was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the impact of sleep deprivation (SD) on strength performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An English-language literature search revealed 514 articles through primary database searches, and 563 via organization searches\/citation searching. The inclusion criteria were met by thirteen articles which were included in the review. The inclusion criteria set were healthy male and\/or female adult participants, a sleep loss condition (e.g. SD or partial sleep deprivation), strength measures (e.g. back strength or leg strength or grip strength), and a peer-reviewed academic paper counterbalanced and\/or or randomised in design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic review identified a total of 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Some studies reported a negative impact of SD on strength performance, while others showed no significant differences following a night of SD. Both acute and chronic SD were found to result in some measures of muscle strength, power output, and muscular endurance to be significantly reduced. Additionally, impaired neuromuscular function and increased fatigue were commonly observed in sleep-deprived individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this systematic review highlight the detrimental effects of SD on strength performance. Individuals involved in strength-based activities should prioritize adequate sleep to optimize their physical performance. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms linking SD and strength impairment, as well as to investigate potential interventions to mitigate these effects. Sleep hygiene education and interventions targeting sleep duration and quality should be implemented to promote optimal strength and performance outcomes. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms behind these effects and developing effective interventions to mitigate the adverse consequences of SD on muscle function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03413-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T08:38:45Z","timestamp":1752568725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Implications of sleep loss or sleep deprivation on muscle strength: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2979-0520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy","family":"Easow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8077-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulasiram","family":"Bommasamudram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7796-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhavi","family":"Munnilari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9902-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ragini","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8913-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirtana Raghurama","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Vaishali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Ravindrakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Pullinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3413_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G et al (2015) Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: A joint consensus statement of the American academy of sleep medicine and sleep research society. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.4716. Sleep","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4716"},{"key":"3413_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130500101437","volume":"48","author":"E Bambaeichi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bambaeichi E, Reilly T, Cable NT, Giacomoni M (2005) The influence of time of day and partial sleep loss on muscle strength in eumenorrheic females. Ergonomics 48:1499\u20131511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140130500101437","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"3413_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01706-y","volume":"52","author":"J Craven","year":"2022","unstructured":"Craven J, McCartney D, Desbrow B et al (2022) Effects of acute sleep loss on physical performance: A systematic and Meta-Analytical review. Sports Med 52:2669\u20132690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01706-y","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"3413_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529808998695","volume":"15","author":"I Meney","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meney I, Waterhouse J, Atkinson G et al (1998) The effect of one night\u2019s sleep deprivation on temperature, mood, and physical performance in subjects with different amounts of habitual physical activity. Chronobiol Int 15:349\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07420529808998695","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"3413_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2023.2253908","volume":"40","author":"C Gallagher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gallagher C, Green CE, Kenny ML et al (2023) Is implementing a post-lunch nap beneficial on evening performance, following two nights partial sleep restriction? Chronobiol Int 40:1169\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07420528.2023.2253908","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"3413_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12703","volume":"27","author":"NS Simpson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simpson NS, Gibbs EL, Matheson GO (2017) Optimizing sleep to maximize performance: implications and recommendations for elite athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 27:266\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12703","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"3413_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2015.1120781","volume":"16","author":"R Swinbourne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swinbourne R, Gill N, Vaile J, Smart D (2016) Prevalence of poor sleep quality, sleepiness and obstructive sleep Apnoea risk factors in athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 16:850\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2015.1120781","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"3413_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102025","volume":"55","author":"NP Walsh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walsh NP, Halson SL, Sargent C et al (2021) Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations. Br J Sports Med 55:356\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102025","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"3413_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.09.017","volume":"90","author":"T Reilly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reilly T, Edwards B (2007) Altered sleep\u2013wake cycles and physical performance in athletes. Physiol Behav 90:274\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.09.017","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"3413_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0147-0","volume":"44","author":"SL Halson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halson SL (2014) Sleep in elite athletes and nutritional interventions to enhance sleep. Sports Med 44:13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-014-0147-0","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"3413_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.11.003","volume":"23","author":"E Thun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thun E, Bjorvatn B, Flo E et al (2015) Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Med Rev 23:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.11.003","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3413_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.660188","volume":"30","author":"J Leeder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leeder J, Glaister M, Pizzoferro K et al (2012) Sleep duration and quality in elite athletes measured using wristwatch actigraphy. J Sports Sci 30:541\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2012.660188","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"3413_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138508963173","volume":"28","author":"L TakeuchiI","year":"1985","unstructured":"TakeuchiI L, Davis GM, Plyley M et al (1985) Sleep deprivation, chronic exercise and muscular performance. Ergonomics 28:591\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140138508963173","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"3413_CR14","first-page":"257","volume":"9","author":"Reilly","year":"1983","unstructured":"Reilly, Thomas, Deykin T I M O T H Y (1983) Effects of partial sleep loss on subjective states, psychomotor and physical performance tests. J Hum Mov Stud 9:257\u2013270","journal-title":"J Hum Mov Stud"},{"key":"3413_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1519\/R-21606.1","volume":"21","author":"PA Blumert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blumert PA, Crum AJ, Ernsting M et al (2007) The acute effects of Twenty-Four hours of sleep loss on the performance of National-Caliber male collegiate weightlifters. J Strength Conditioning Res 21:1146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/R-21606.1","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"3413_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408963628","volume":"37","author":"T Reilly","year":"1994","unstructured":"Reilly T, Piercy M (1994) The effect of partial sleep deprivation on weight-lifting performance. Ergonomics 37:107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139408963628","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"3413_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer LTJ (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLoS ONE 18","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003583"},{"key":"3413_CR18","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ WV (eds) (2021) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2. Wiley"},{"key":"3413_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2012.756282","volume":"44","author":"M HajSalem","year":"2013","unstructured":"HajSalem M, Chtourou H, Aloui A et al (2013) Effects of partial sleep deprivation at the end of the night on anaerobic performances in judokas. Biol Rhythm Res 44:815\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09291016.2012.756282","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res"},{"key":"3413_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31827f4792","volume":"27","author":"N Souissi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Souissi N, Chtourou H, Aloui A et al (2013) Effects of Time-of-Day and partial sleep deprivation on Short-Term maximal performances of judo competitors. J Strength Cond Res 27:2473\u20132480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31827f4792","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"3413_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2018.1552702","volume":"36","author":"EJ Brotherton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brotherton EJ, Moseley SE, Langan-Evans C et al (2019) Effects of two nights partial sleep deprivation on an evening submaximal weightlifting performance; are 1\u00a0h powernaps useful on the day of competition? Chronobiol Int 36:407\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07420528.2018.1552702","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"3413_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696378","volume":"56","author":"SJ Legg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Legg SJ, Patton JF (1987) Effects of sustained manual work and partial sleep deprivation on muscular strength and endurance. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 56:64\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00696378","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"3413_CR23","first-page":"327","volume":"17","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Y, Cui Y, Chen S, Wu Z (2017) Relationship between sleep and muscle strength among Chinese university students: a cross-sectional study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 17:327\u2013333","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"3413_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072762","volume":"12","author":"K Kujawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kujawa K, O\u0142pi\u0144ska-Lischka M, Maciaszek J (2020) The influence of 24-Hour sleep deprivation on the strength of lower limb muscles in young and physically fit women and men. Sustainability 12:2762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12072762","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"3413_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820abc5a","volume":"43","author":"M Skein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Skein M, Duffield R, Edge J et al (2011) Intermittent-Sprint performance and muscle glycogen after 30\u00a0h of sleep deprivation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43:1301\u20131311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820abc5a","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"3413_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaara JP, Oksanen H, Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen H et al (2018) 60-Hour sleep deprivation affects submaximal but not maximal physical performance. Front Physiol 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01437","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01437"},{"key":"3413_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.04.017","volume":"77","author":"M Dattilo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dattilo M, Antunes HKM, Medeiros A et al (2011) Sleep and muscle recovery: endocrinological and molecular basis for a new and promising hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 77:220\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.04.017","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"3413_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2012.722454","volume":"44","author":"A Aloui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aloui A, Chtourou H, Masmoudi L et al (2013) Effects of ramadan fasting on male judokas\u2019 performances in specific and non-specific judo tasks. Biol Rhythm Res 44:645\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09291016.2012.722454","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res"},{"key":"3413_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192625250.001.0001","volume-title":"Biological rhythms and exercise","author":"T Reilly","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reilly T, Atkinson G, Waterhouse J (1996) Biological rhythms and exercise. Oxford University PressNew York, NY"},{"key":"3413_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520701535811","volume":"24","author":"N Souissi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Souissi N, Bessot N, Chamari K et al (2007) Effect of time of day on aerobic contribution to the 30-s wingate test performance. Chronobiol Int 24:739\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07420520701535811","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"3413_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.10.004","volume":"12","author":"K Lanshammar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lanshammar K, Ribom EL (2011) Differences in muscle strength in dominant and non-dominant leg in females aged 20\u201339 years\u2013 A population-based study. Phys Ther Sport 12:76\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.10.004","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"3413_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021182","volume":"14","author":"AF Melhim","year":"1993","unstructured":"Melhim AF (1993) Investigation of circadian rhythms in peak power and mean power of female physical education students. Int J Sports Med 14:303\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-1021182","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"3413_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050311","volume":"77","author":"T Bernard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bernard T, Giacomoni M, Gavarry O et al (1997) Time-of-day effects in maximal anaerobic leg exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 77:133\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210050311","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03413-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03413-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03413-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T10:03:40Z","timestamp":1757239420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03413-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03413-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"242"}}