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Both groups received hygiene- and diet-related recommendations, and the intervention group completed an OMT programme and cervical spine exercises over 20 weeks (May 2023\u2013November 2024). The respiratory variables were evaluated using respiratory polygraphy, and daytime sleepiness and quality of life were measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and EuroQol-5D scales, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No statistically significant differences were found between groups (Median [IQR]): Apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index (2.0 [-6\/6], CI 95%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.86), Mean oxygen saturation (-0.5 [-1\/0], CI 95%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.43), Oxygen Desaturation index (1.0 [-1\/5], CI 95%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.72), Time with oxygen saturation below 90% (1.0 [0\/3], CI 95%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.10), Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (-1.5 [-4\/0], CI 95%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.83), and EuroQol-5D quality of life questionnaire (5.0 [0\u201310], CI 95%\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The comprehensive 20-week OMT programme and cervical spine exercises showed no effectiveness in improving respiratory parameters, daytime sleepiness or quality of life in patients with mild to moderate OSA compared to hygiene- and diet-related measures alone. The null results observed in this study suggest relevant clinical implications, such as the limited efficacy of low-frequency OMT protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03487-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T11:12:19Z","timestamp":1762600339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effectiveness of strenghtning oropharyngeal myofunctional therapy combined with cervical spine exercises in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"D\u00edaz de Ter\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Bolado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Palomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"de Labra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3487_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guilleminault C, Tilkian A, Dement WC (2003) The Sleep Apnea Syndromes. 002341, vol. 27, pp. 465\u2013484, Nov. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/ANNUREV.ME.27.020176.002341","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV.ME.27.020176.002341"},{"key":"3487_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ismail AMA, Tolba AMN (2025) Effectiveness of lifestyle-modification approach (a randomized-controlled program of diet restriction and treadmill walking exercise) on elderly\u2019s metabolic syndrome-associated subjective tinnitus, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, pp. 1\u20139, Jun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00405-025-09494-7\/TABLES\/2","DOI":"10.1007\/S00405-025-09494-7\/TABLES\/2"},{"issue":"15","key":"3487_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1816152","volume":"380","author":"SC Veasey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Veasey SC, Rosen IM (2019) Obstructive sleep apnea in adults. 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