{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:17:21Z","timestamp":1781842641250,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001230","name":"Macquarie University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging evidence suggests a link between sarcoidosis and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of OSA in people with sarcoidosis; however, much of this evidence has been derived from retrospective analyses. Recently, prospective cohort studies have provided further insight into potential interactions between sarcoidosis and OSA. This narrative review aims to synthesise current evidence on the prevalence of OSA in people with sarcoidosis and identify associated risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a search of Pubmed, Medline, the Cochrane Library and the Register of Controlled Trials and identified eight studies that evaluated the prevalence of OSA in people with sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of OSA in sarcoidosis patients ranged from 44% to 88%. Mild OSA was generally more common than moderate to severe OSA, with prevalence rates of 24% to 52% for mild cases and 5% to 51% for moderate to severe cases. Advancing age and elevated body mass index (BMI) were consistently associated with increased OSA risk. Corticosteroid therapy and sex showed mixed associations, while parenchymal lung involvement was not linked to increased OSA risk in any study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of OSA in people with sarcoidosis is high. Conventional risk factors for OSA, including age and BMI, also apply in this group. Further prospective studies with larger, well-defined cohorts are warranted to clarify these associations and explore the potential bidirectional relationship between sarcoidosis and OSA. Studies should expand our knowledge on symptoms and hypoxic burden of subjects with sarcoidosis and OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03493-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T04:11:29Z","timestamp":1761970289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnoea in people with sarcoidosis: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4653-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Cotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9042-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2196-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendon J.","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1473-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund M.T.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1083-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Garcia-Borreguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3493_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60680-7","volume":"383","author":"D Valeyre","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valeyre D, Prasse A, Nunes H, Uzunhan Y, Brillet PY, M\u00fcller-Quernheim J (2014) Sarcoidosis. Lancet 383:1155\u20131167","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3493_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000715","volume":"26","author":"EV Arkema","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arkema EV, Cozier YC (2020) Sarcoidosis epidemiology: recent estimates of incidence, prevalence and risk factors. Curr Opin Pulm Med 26:527\u2013534","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"3493_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0584","volume":"148","author":"C Lal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lal C, Medarov BI, Judson MA (2015) Interrelationship between sleep-disordered breathing and sarcoidosis. Chest 148:1105\u20131114","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"3493_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095473","volume":"19","author":"BW Locke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Locke BW, Lee JJ, Sundar KM (2022) OSA and chronic respiratory disease: mechanisms and epidemiology. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(9):5473","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3493_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.112896","volume":"65","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Lower EE, Tami T (2010) Upper airway. 4: sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract (SURT). Thorax 65:181\u2013186","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3493_CR6","first-page":"349","volume":"11","author":"F S\u00e9ri\u00e8s","year":"1988","unstructured":"S\u00e9ri\u00e8s F, Cormier Y, Lampron N, La Forge J (1988) Increasing the functional residual capacity may reverse obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 11:349\u2013353","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3493_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.06.012","volume":"60","author":"AJ Peckett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peckett AJ, Wright DC, Riddell MC (2011) The effects of glucocorticoids on adipose tissue lipid metabolism. Metabolism 60:1500\u20131510","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"3493_CR8","first-page":"61","volume":"14","author":"GA Turner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Turner GA, Lower EE, Corser BC, Gunther KL, Baughman RP (1997) Sleep apnea in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 14:61\u201364","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"3493_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1524","volume":"143","author":"KC Patterson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patterson KC, Huang F, Oldham JM, Bhardwaj N, Hogarth DK, Mokhlesi B (2013) Excessive daytime sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with sarcoidosis. Chest 143:1562\u20131568","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"3493_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.409","volume":"50","author":"K Talari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Talari K, Goyal M (2020) Retrospective studies - utility and caveats. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 50:398\u2013402","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"3493_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02513-x","volume":"26","author":"\u00d6 Atao\u011flu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atao\u011flu \u00d6, Annakkaya AN, Arbak PM, Yildiz G\u00fclhan P, Elveri\u015fli MF (2022) Clinical and polysomnographic evaluation of sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with sarcoidosis. Sleep Breath 26:1847\u20131855","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"3493_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10140","volume":"18","author":"M Roeder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roeder M, Sievi NA, Schneider A, Osswald M, Malesevic S, Kolios A et al (2022) The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in sarcoidosis and its impact on sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep-associated quality of life: a cross-sectional study with matched controls (the OSASA study). J Clin Sleep Med 18:2415\u20132422","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"3493_CR13","first-page":"169","volume":"37","author":"PV Mari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mari PV, Pasciuto G, Siciliano M, Simonetti J, Ballacci F, Macagno F et al (2020) Obstructive sleep apnea in sarcoidosis and impact of cpap treatment on fatigue. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 37:169\u2013178","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"3493_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkThoracJ.2019.19011","volume":"21","author":"M Erta\u015f Do\u011fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erta\u015f Do\u011fan M, Bing\u00f6l Z, Aydemir L, Okumu\u015f G, Orhan KS, Atahan E et al (2020) Frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in stage I and II sarcoidosis subjects who had no corticosteroid therapy. Turk Thorac J 21:296\u2013302","journal-title":"Turk Thorac J"},{"key":"3493_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1579-1","volume":"22","author":"M Mavroudi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mavroudi M, Papakosta D, Kontakiotis T, Domvri K, Kalamaras G, Zarogoulidou V et al (2018) Sleep disorders and health-related quality of life in patients with interstitial lung disease. Sleep Breath 22:393\u2013400","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"3493_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12098","volume":"9","author":"Z Bingol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bingol Z, Pihtili A, Gulbaran Z, Kiyan E (2015) Relationship between parenchymal involvement and obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with sarcoidosis. Clin Respir J 9:14\u201321","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"3493_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0834-3","volume":"17","author":"A Pihtili","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pihtili A, Bingol Z, Kiyan E, Cuhadaroglu C, Issever H, Gulbaran Z (2013) Obstructive sleep apnea is common in patients with interstitial lung disease. Sleep Breath 17:1281\u20131288","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"3493_CR18","first-page":"137","volume":"21","author":"J Verbraecken","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verbraecken J, Hoitsma E, van der Grinten CP, Cobben NA, Wouters EF, Drent M (2004) Sleep disturbances associated with periodic leg movements in chronic sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 21:137\u2013146","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"3493_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00025212","volume":"40","author":"H Nunes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nunes H, Uzunhan Y, Gille T, Lamberto C, Valeyre D, Brillet PY (2012) Imaging of sarcoidosis of the airways and lung parenchyma and correlation with lung function. Eur Respir J 40:750\u2013765","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3493_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johns MW (1991) a new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 14:540\u2013545","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"3493_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002","volume":"34","author":"CV Senaratna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Senaratna CV, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Campbell BE, Matheson MC (2017) Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 34:70\u201381","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3493_CR22","unstructured":"(2023) International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd edn, text revision.\u00a0American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Darien (IL)"},{"key":"3493_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","volume":"177","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, Palta M, Hagen EW, Hla KM (2013) Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol 177:1006\u20131014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3493_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitra AK, Bhuiyan AR, Jones EA (2021) Association and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. Diseases 9(4):88","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9040088"},{"key":"3493_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.05.008","volume":"162","author":"MA Judson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Judson MA, Tiwari A, Gemoets DE (2022) The relationship of obesity and OSA to the development of sarcoidosis: a large retrospective case-control US veterans administration analysis. Chest 162:1086\u20131092","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"3493_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.04.019","volume":"29","author":"E Teran-Cabanillas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teran-Cabanillas E, Montalvo-Corral M, Caire-Juvera G, Moya-Camarena SY, Hern\u00e1ndez J (2013) Decreased interferon-\u03b1 and interferon-\u03b2 production in obesity and expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling. Nutrition 29:207\u2013212","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"3493_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2014.07.008","volume":"113","author":"CH Chiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiang CH, Lai FJ (2014) Sarcoidosis on the injection sites following treatment of interferon-alpha and ribavirin for hepatitis c. J Formos Med Assoc 113:981\u2013982","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"3493_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2016.02.003","volume":"2","author":"JM Ortiz Salvador","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ortiz Salvador JM, Victoria Mart\u00ednez AM, Ferrer DS, Alegre de Miquel V, P\u00e9rez FA (2016) Interferon alfa\u2013induced sarcoidosis resolving without drug withdrawal. JAAD Case Rep 2:146\u2013149","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"3493_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-552OC","volume":"172","author":"RC Heinzer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heinzer RC, Stanchina ML, Malhotra A, Fogel RB, Patel SR, Jordan AS et al (2005) Lung volume and continuous positive airway pressure requirements in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:114\u2013117","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"70","key":"3493_CR30","first-page":"430","volume":"1991","author":"RM Aronson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aronson RM, Carley DW, Onal E, Wilborn J, Lopata M (1985) Upper airway muscle activity and the thoracic volume dependence of upper airway resistance. J Appl Physiol 1991(70):430\u2013438","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3493_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.1.52","volume":"44","author":"F S\u00e9ri\u00e8s","year":"1989","unstructured":"S\u00e9ri\u00e8s F, Cormier Y, Lampron N, La Forge J (1989) Influence of lung volume in sleep apnoea. Thorax 44:52\u201357","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3493_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201701-091OC","volume":"14","author":"JS Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim JS, Podolanczuk AJ, Borker P, Kawut SM, Raghu G, Kaufman JD et al (2017) Obstructive sleep apnea and subclinical interstitial lung disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:1786\u20131795","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"84","key":"3493_CR33","first-page":"1055","volume":"1998","author":"RM Popovic","year":"1985","unstructured":"Popovic RM, White DP (1985) Upper airway muscle activity in normal women: influence of hormonal status. J Appl Physiol 1998(84):1055\u20131062","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3493_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9904121","volume":"161","author":"C O'Connor","year":"2000","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor C, Thornley KS, Hanly PJ (2000) Gender differences in the polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161(5):1465\u20131472","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3493_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonsignore MR, Saaresranta T, Riha RL (2019) Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir Rev 28(154):190030","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0030-2019"},{"key":"3493_CR36","first-page":"130","volume":"28","author":"CJ Zappala","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zappala CJ, Desai SR, Copley SJ, Spagnolo R, Cramer D, Sen D et al (2011) Optimal scoring of serial change on chest radiography in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 28:130\u2013138","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"3493_CR37","first-page":"1311","volume":"7","author":"KA Franklin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franklin KA, Lindberg E (2015) Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population-a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis 7:1311\u20131322","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"3493_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao Q, Ji Q, Zhou Y (2023) Pulmonary function in pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Clin Med 12(21):6701","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216701"},{"key":"3493_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2024.02.010","volume":"19","author":"C Lal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lal C (2024) Obstructive sleep apnea and sarcoidosis interactions. Sleep Med Clin 19:295\u2013305","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"3493_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arkema EV, Sachs MC, Dominicus A, Eklund A, Smed-S\u00f6rensen A, Grunewald J et al (2024) Inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated years before sarcoidosis diagnosis: a nested case-control study in Sweden. Eur Respir J 64(6):2400277","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00277-2024"},{"key":"3493_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.8.5894","volume":"84","author":"AN Vgontzas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vgontzas AN, Papanicolaou DA, Bixler EO, Lotsikas A, Zachman K, Kales A et al (1999) Circadian interleukin-6 secretion and quantity and depth of sleep. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2603\u20132607","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3493_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.07.008","volume":"19","author":"S Hong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hong S, Mills PJ, Loredo JS, Adler KA, Dimsdale JE (2005) The association between interleukin-6, sleep, and demographic characteristics. Brain Behav Immun 19:165\u2013172","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3493_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1288-6","volume":"20","author":"A Zhong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhong A, Xiong X, Shi M, Xu H (2016) Roles of interleukin (IL)-6 gene polymorphisms, serum IL-6 levels, and treatment in obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 20:719\u2013731","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"3493_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202210-897OC","volume":"20","author":"V Kundel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kundel V, Cohen O, Khan S, Patel M, Kim-Schulze S, Kovacic J et al (2023) Advanced proteomics and cluster analysis for identifying novel obstructive sleep apnea subtypes before and after continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Ann Am Thorac Soc 20:1038\u20131047","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"3493_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.03.002","volume":"13","author":"JH Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang JH, Lin HC (2012) Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of autoimmune diseases: a longitudinal population-based study. Sleep Med 13:583\u2013588","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3493_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-017-0031-4","volume":"195","author":"M Bosi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bosi M, Milioli G, Fanfulla F, Tomassetti S, Ryu JH, Parrino L et al (2017) OSA and prolonged oxygen desaturation during sleep are strong predictors of poor outcome in IPF. Lung 195:643\u2013651","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"3493_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy624","volume":"40","author":"A Azarbarzin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azarbarzin A, Sands SA, Stone KL, Taranto-Montemurro L, Messineo L, Terrill PI et al (2019) The hypoxic burden of sleep apnoea predicts cardiovascular disease-related mortality: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study and the Sleep Heart Health Study. Eur Heart J 40:1149\u20131157","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03493-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03493-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03493-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:57:27Z","timestamp":1765810647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03493-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03493-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For this type of study formal consent is not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"338"}}